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Title: Diphonix: A new ion exchange resin for the treatment of industrial waste streams, contaminated groundwaters, and mixed-wastes

Abstract

The resin contains geminally substituted diphosphonic acid functional groups; it is synthesized by copolymerization of a tetralkylvinylidene diphosphonate with styrene, divinylbenzene, and acrylonitrile, followed by deesterifaction by refluxing with conc. HCl (the nitrile group is hydrolyzed to a carboxylic acid). The diphosphonic acid functional dominates the resin behavior toward metal ions; it has strong affinity for actinides in all oxidation states, even in 10 M HNO{sub 3} and high salt concentrations. (Efficient agents for stripping actinides from Diphonix all have a strong complexing agent containing the gem-diphosphonic acid functionality.) Diphonix can also remove heavy, toxi metals in high salt concentrations. 4 figs, 2 tabs.

Authors:
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
Argonne National Lab., IL (United States)
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE, Washington, DC (United States)
OSTI Identifier:
10132905
Report Number(s):
ANL/CHM/PP-75639
ON: DE94008133
DOE Contract Number:
W-31109-ENG-38
Resource Type:
Technical Report
Resource Relation:
Other Information: PBD: [1994]
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE WASTES FROM NUCLEAR FACILITIES; 32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATION; 37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL AND ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY; RESINS; ION EXCHANGE MATERIALS; ACTINIDES; REMOVAL; METALS; TOXIC MATERIALS; WASTE PROCESSING; PHOSPHONIC ACIDS; ALPHA-BEARING WASTES; RADIOACTIVE WASTE PROCESSING; ORGANIC POLYMERS; 052001; 320305; 400105; INDUSTRIAL WASTE MANAGEMENT; SEPARATION PROCEDURES

Citation Formats

Horwitz, E.P. Diphonix: A new ion exchange resin for the treatment of industrial waste streams, contaminated groundwaters, and mixed-wastes. United States: N. p., 1994. Web. doi:10.2172/10132905.
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Horwitz, E.P. Diphonix: A new ion exchange resin for the treatment of industrial waste streams, contaminated groundwaters, and mixed-wastes. United States. doi:10.2172/10132905.
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Horwitz, E.P. Tue . "Diphonix: A new ion exchange resin for the treatment of industrial waste streams, contaminated groundwaters, and mixed-wastes". United States. doi:10.2172/10132905. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/10132905.
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@article{osti_10132905,
title = {Diphonix: A new ion exchange resin for the treatment of industrial waste streams, contaminated groundwaters, and mixed-wastes},
author = {Horwitz, E.P.},
abstractNote = {The resin contains geminally substituted diphosphonic acid functional groups; it is synthesized by copolymerization of a tetralkylvinylidene diphosphonate with styrene, divinylbenzene, and acrylonitrile, followed by deesterifaction by refluxing with conc. HCl (the nitrile group is hydrolyzed to a carboxylic acid). The diphosphonic acid functional dominates the resin behavior toward metal ions; it has strong affinity for actinides in all oxidation states, even in 10 M HNO{sub 3} and high salt concentrations. (Efficient agents for stripping actinides from Diphonix all have a strong complexing agent containing the gem-diphosphonic acid functionality.) Diphonix can also remove heavy, toxi metals in high salt concentrations. 4 figs, 2 tabs.},
doi = {10.2172/10132905},
journal = {},
number = ,
volume = ,
place = {United States},
year = {Tue Mar 01 00:00:00 EST 1994},
month = {Tue Mar 01 00:00:00 EST 1994}
}
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Technical Report:
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DOI:  10.2172/10132905
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  • The Department of Energy (DOE) has prepared this report to provide an inventory of its mixed wastes and treatment capacities and technologies in response to Section 105(a) of the Federal Facility Compliance act (FFCAct) of 1992 (Pub. L. No. 102-386). As required by the FFCAct-1992, this report provides site-specific information on DOE's mixed waste streams and a general review of available and planned treatment facilities for mixed wastes for the following sites: Argonne National Laboratory-East; Site A/plot M in Palos Forest Preserve, Illinois; Ames Laboratory; Paducah Gaseous Diffusion Plant; Portsmouth Naval Shipyard; Kansas City Plant; University of Missouri; Weldon Springsmore » Site, St. Charles, Missouri; Nevada Test Site; Middlesex Sampling Plant, Middlesex, New Jersey; Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory; LANL; Sandia national laboratory; Brookhaven National Laboratory; Colonie Interim Storage Site, Colonie, New York; Knolls Atomic Power Laboratory; Knolls Atomic Power Laboratory-Kesselring Site; and West Valley Demonstration Project.« less

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  • ;
    The three nuclear units at Millstone station, GE BRW (unit 1), C-E PRW (unit 2) and Westinghouse PWR (unit 3), have completed a series of bench top and side stream pilot scale tests of Eichrom`s DiphoniXTm resin, a novel gel type ion exchange resin. This testing was part of an overall optimization of their radwaste systems. The optimization also included a review of coagulants and cesium specific materials. The project has been so successful that Millstone now operates with Diphonix resin in Unit 2 and is expanding its use to Unit 1. These installations provide Millstone with an effective meansmore » of minimizing spent resin generation from their liquid radwaste systems and provide an effective means of minimizing the activity discharged into the environment. The liquid radwaste processed by these systems contains sodium, calcium, chloride and sulfate ions at concentrations approximately one billion times those of the radioactive components present. Standard mixed bed resins are exhausted by exchanging the sodium, calcium, chloride and sulfate ions. The resin`s exchange capacity is consumed by the common ions allowing the radioactive components to pass through. The result is the need to replace resin beds at a much higher frequency than desirable. Diphonix resin differs from typical cation exchange resin through its unique combination of diphosphonic acid and sulfonic acid functional groups which exhibit selectivity for Co, Zn and other transition metals over sodium and calcium (2). Samples of radwaste liquids from each Millstone unit were passed through laboratory scale columns of Diphonix resin. These tests demonstrated that Diphonix resin was capable of removing all detectable cationic Co-58, Co-60 and Zn-65. In another test, a side stream was taken from the discharge of unit I`s radwaste system carbon bed effluent and passed through a column of Diphonix resin over a period of months.« less

  • The use of synthetic polymeric adsorbents for removal of organic pollutants from industrial waste streams is a viable alternative to more common treatment methods such as carbon adsorption. However, resin technology is not widely practiced due to the difficulty of selecting the appropriate synthetic adsorbent/regenerant combination for a particular application. This research program was undertaken to develop a simple, reliable laboratory test to assess the feasibility of using synthetic resin adsorbents for treatment of a given waste water stream. The new test method facilitates rapid screening of a large number of adsorbent/regenerant pairs. The test consists of exposing small bagsmore » of adsorbents in the actual waste stream for predetermined periods of time, followed by regenerating the exposed adsorbents. The batch portion of the test measures regenerated saturation capacity of any adsorbent/regenerant pair with a single analysis. The rate portion measures regenerated capacity as a function of time. Capacity data obtained by the test method were compared and correlated with data obtained by conventional isotherm tests and column experiments. In general, the batch test performs better than the isotherm test in predicting column saturation capacity of polymeric adsorbents.« less

  • ;
    A study was initiated to evaluate the leachability and integrity of bitumen/organic ion exchange resin composites. Mixtures of anionic and cationic resins in the SO/sub 4//sup -2/, H/sup +/, Cs/sup +/, and Sr/sup +2/ forms were used. The leachability of sodium and cesium from the bitumen/organic ion exchange resin composites was observed to increase when anionic resins in the sulfate form were incorporated in the composite. Topical application of a coat of bitumen on these composites decreased Na leachability by sixfold. The leachability of cesium-137 from cement waste forms and cement/organic ion exchange resin (H/sup +/ form) was studied. Portlandmore » II and lumnite cements were used in making the forms. Cesium-137 was leached at a faster rate from portland II/ion exchange resin composites that contained the higher ratio of cement to resins, and also from portland II cement waste forms than from that were made with lumnite cement. An experiment was initiated to study the volumetric changes of organic ion exchange resin beds in aquwous media as a function of ionic species and their concentrations in an aqueous milieu. The species studied were cesium, strontium, and aluminum. The resin volumes were observed to decrease when the solute ionic concentration increased, and a hysteresis effect was observed when the solute concentration was then decreased. The resin bed volumes were observed to increase as the solute concentrations decreased, but the resin volumes did not return to their original values. This observed shrinking and swelling is used to explain the disintegration of cement/organic ion exchange resin composites when immersed in water. The paper on ''Radiation effects on ion exchangers used in radioactive waste management'' in Appendix A has been processed separately for inclusion in the Energy Data Base. 18 refs., 15 figs., 13 tabs.« less