The cascade of reservoirs of the ``Mayak`` Plant: Case history and the first version of a computer simulator
- Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow (Russian Federation). Vernadsky Inst. of Geochemistry and Analytical Chemistry; and others
The improvement of the ecological conditions at waste storing reservoirs is an important task of the restoration activity at Production Association (PA) ``Mayak`` (South Urals). The radionuclides mostly {sup 90}Sr, {sup 137}Cs, and chemical pollutants deposited in the reservoir water and in the bottom sediment are very dangerous sources for the contamination of Techa River below the reservoirs and the contamination of groundwater in the surrounding formations. The spreading of radioactive contaminants has both hydrogeological and the chemical features. The thermodynamic approach used to account for physical-chemical interactions between water and the bed rocks based on Gibbs free energy minimization of multicomponent system (H-O-Ca-Mg-K-Na-S-Cl-C-Sr) permitted the authors to calculate the corresponding ionic and complex species existing in the solutions, and to characterize the processes of precipitation and dissolution. The model takes into account the input and output surface and underground water fluxes, mass exchange of the reservoir with the atmosphere, radioactive decay and water-sediment interaction including processes of the {sup 90}Sr and {sup 137}Cs sorption on the grains of the sediment and the radionuclide diffusion in the pore water. This model was used in the retrospective and prognosis calculations of radiation and hydrochemical regime of these reservoirs.
- Research Organization:
- Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)
- Sponsoring Organization:
- USDOE, Washington, DC (United States)
- DOE Contract Number:
- AC03-76SF00098
- OSTI ID:
- 10114733
- Report Number(s):
- LBL-36212; ON: DE95006727; IN: RAC-1; TRN: AHC29507%%91
- Resource Relation:
- Other Information: PBD: Jul 1994
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
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Related Subjects
45 MILITARY TECHNOLOGY, WEAPONRY, AND NATIONAL DEFENSE
54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
USSR
REMEDIAL ACTION
RADIOACTIVE WASTE FACILITIES
SETTLING PONDS
RADIONUCLIDE MIGRATION
COMPUTERIZED SIMULATION
STRONTIUM 90
ENVIRONMENTAL TRANSPORT
CESIUM 137
NUCLEAR WEAPONS
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS
CONTAMINATION
GROUND WATER
RIVERS
COMPILED DATA
054000
450200
540250
540350
HEALTH AND SAFETY
NUCLEAR EXPLOSIONS AND EXPLOSIVES
SITE RESOURCE AND USE STUDIES