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Title: Penetration of the LCLS Injector Shield Wall at Sector 20

Abstract

Penetrations through the LCLS injector shield wall are needed for the alignment of the accelerator, a diagnostic laser beam and utilities, and are shown in figure 1. The 1-inch diameter LCLS injector beam tube is blocked by the PPS stopper when the injector side of the wall is occupied. The two 3-inch diameter penetrations above and to the left of the beam tube are used by Precision Alignment and will be open only during installation of the injector beamline. Additional 3-inch diameter penetrations are for laser beams which will be used for electron beam diagnostics. These will not be plugged when the injector occupied. Other penetrations for the RF waveguide and other utilities are approximately 13-inch from the floor and as such are far from the line-of-sight of any radiation sources. The waveguide and utility penetrations pass only through the thicker wall as shown in the figure. The principal issue is with the two laser penetrations, since these will be open when the linac is operating and people are in the LCLS injector area. A principal concern is radiation streaming through the penetrations due to direct line-of sight of the PEP-2 lines. To answer this, fans of rays were tracedmore » through the 3-inch diameter laser penetrations as shown in Figures 2 and 3. Figure 2 gives the top view of the shield walls, the main linac and PEP-2 lines, and the ray-fans. The fans appear to originate between the walls since their angular envelope is defined by the greatest angle possible when rays are just on the 3-inch diameter at the inner most and outermost wall surfaces. The crossovers of all possible rays lie half way between these two surfaces. As the end-on view of Figure 3 clearly shows, there is no direct line-of-sight through the laser penetrations of the PEP-2 or linac beamlines.« less

Authors:
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
SLAC National Accelerator Lab., Menlo Park, CA (United States)
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE
OSTI Identifier:
1000318
Report Number(s):
SLAC-TN-10-085
TRN: US1100080
DOE Contract Number:
AC02-76SF00515
Resource Type:
Technical Report
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS; 61 RADIATION PROTECTION AND DOSIMETRY; LIGHT SOURCES; FREE ELECTRON LASERS; SHIELDS; WALLS; LINEAR ACCELERATORS; ALIGNMENT; OPENINGS; ELECTRON BEAMS; RADIATION STREAMING; WAVEGUIDES; RADIATION PROTECTION; XFEL

Citation Formats

Dowell, D. Penetration of the LCLS Injector Shield Wall at Sector 20. United States: N. p., 2010. Web. doi:10.2172/1000318.
Dowell, D. Penetration of the LCLS Injector Shield Wall at Sector 20. United States. doi:10.2172/1000318.
Dowell, D. Fri . "Penetration of the LCLS Injector Shield Wall at Sector 20". United States. doi:10.2172/1000318. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1000318.
@article{osti_1000318,
title = {Penetration of the LCLS Injector Shield Wall at Sector 20},
author = {Dowell, D},
abstractNote = {Penetrations through the LCLS injector shield wall are needed for the alignment of the accelerator, a diagnostic laser beam and utilities, and are shown in figure 1. The 1-inch diameter LCLS injector beam tube is blocked by the PPS stopper when the injector side of the wall is occupied. The two 3-inch diameter penetrations above and to the left of the beam tube are used by Precision Alignment and will be open only during installation of the injector beamline. Additional 3-inch diameter penetrations are for laser beams which will be used for electron beam diagnostics. These will not be plugged when the injector occupied. Other penetrations for the RF waveguide and other utilities are approximately 13-inch from the floor and as such are far from the line-of-sight of any radiation sources. The waveguide and utility penetrations pass only through the thicker wall as shown in the figure. The principal issue is with the two laser penetrations, since these will be open when the linac is operating and people are in the LCLS injector area. A principal concern is radiation streaming through the penetrations due to direct line-of sight of the PEP-2 lines. To answer this, fans of rays were traced through the 3-inch diameter laser penetrations as shown in Figures 2 and 3. Figure 2 gives the top view of the shield walls, the main linac and PEP-2 lines, and the ray-fans. The fans appear to originate between the walls since their angular envelope is defined by the greatest angle possible when rays are just on the 3-inch diameter at the inner most and outermost wall surfaces. The crossovers of all possible rays lie half way between these two surfaces. As the end-on view of Figure 3 clearly shows, there is no direct line-of-sight through the laser penetrations of the PEP-2 or linac beamlines.},
doi = {10.2172/1000318},
journal = {},
number = ,
volume = ,
place = {United States},
year = {Fri Dec 10 00:00:00 EST 2010},
month = {Fri Dec 10 00:00:00 EST 2010}
}

Technical Report:

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  • We report on the design of the rf photoinjector of the Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS). The rf photoinjector is required to produce a single 150 MeV bunch of {approximately}1 nC and {approximately}100 A peak current at a repetition rate of 120 Hz with a normalized rms transverse emittance of {approximately}1 {pi} mm-mrad. The design employs a 1.6-cell S-band rf gun with an optical spot size at the cathode of a radius of {approximately}1 mm and a pulse duration with an rms sigma of {approximately}3 ps. The peak rf field at the cathode is 150 MV/m with extraction 57 {degree}more » ahead of the rf peak. A solenoidal field near the cathode allows the compensation of the initial emittance growth by the end of the injection linac. Spatial and temporal shaping of the laser pulse striking the cathode will reduce the compensated emittance even further. Also, to minimize the contribution of the thermal emittance from the cathode surface, while at the same time optimizing the quantum efficiency (QE), the laser wavelength for a Cu cathode should be tunable around 260 nm. Following the injection linac the geometric emittance simply damps linearly with energy growth. PARMELA simulations show that this design will produce the desired normalized emittance, which is about a factor of two lower than has been achieved to date in other systems. In addition to low emittance, we also aim for laser amplitude stability 1% in the UV and a timing jitter in the electron beam of 0.5 ps rms, which will lead to less than 10% beam intensity fluctuation after the electron bunch is compressed in the main linac.« less
  • The authors report the results of a recent beam dynamics study, motivated by the need to redesign the LCLS photoinjector, that led to the discovery of a new effective working point for a split RF photoinjector. The HOMDYN code, the main simulation tool adopted in this work, is described together with its recent improvements. The new working point and its LCLS application is discussed. Validation tests of the HOMDYN model and low emittance predictions, 0.3 mm-mrad for a 1 nC flat top bunch, are performed with respect to the multi-particle tracking codes ITACA and PARMELA.
  • The Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS) will be the world's first x-ray free electron laser, and the successful operation of this very short-wavelength FEL will require excellent beam quality from its electron source. Therefore a critical component is the RF photocathode injector. This paper describes the design issues of the LCLS RF gun and accelerator structures. The injector consists of a 1.6 cell s-band gun followed by two 3-meter SLAC sections. The gun and the first RF section will have dual RF feeds both to eliminate transverse RF kicks and to reduce the pulsed heating of the coupling ports. Inmore » addition, the input coupler cavities will be specially shaped to greatly reduce the RF quadrupole fields. RF designs for the gun and the first accelerator section are now complete. The work includes the gun's new dual coupler and full cell shape as well as the dimensions of the L0-1 dual RF feed and coupling cell. Engineering has begun on the L0-1 structure. These and other aspects of the gun and RF structure design will be discussed.« less
  • The temporal profile of the uv drive laser pulse for the LCLS injector is specified by the duration, the rise/fall time, and the maximum rms amplitude (for all frequencies) of residual modulation in the plateau region. The bandwidth of the uv laser system should accommodate pulses with a rise/fall time as low as 0.7 ps and an rms residual amplitude modulation (on the plateau) below 0.5% in the absence of a laser heater. Computations including the laser heater [3] relax this requirement to the 5% level. Numerical analyses of Fourier transform limited uv pulses show that the extent of frequencymore » sidebands should extend to at least 1.5 THz on either side of the central uv frequency. For simplicity, we assume that the emitted electron beam profile matches the laser profile. The evolution of those electron beam distributions in the longitudinal phase space along the beamline as calculated with PARMELA/ASTRA are shown. Related spectral and shaping requirements on the fundamental ir pulses are briefly addressed.« less
  • The vacuum system of the injector for the Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS) has been analyzed and configured by the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory's New Technologies Engineering Division (NTED) as requested by the SLAC/LCLS program. The vacuum system layout and detailed analyses for the injector are presented in this final design report. The vacuum system was analyzed and optimized using a coupled gas load balance model of sub-volumes of the components to be evacuated.