Cleavage and crosslinking of polymeric coal structures during pyrolysis
The ultimate objective of this project was to develop a better understanding of volatiles production to help optimize the yield and character of condensable coproducts during coal pyrolysis or mild gasification. The specific objectives were to (1) Develop pyrolysis procedures that minimize secondary reactions; and (2) Develop coal pretreatments that current knowledge suggests will prorate bond scission or prevent retrograde reactions. Our approach was to study the pyrolysis of coals and tar-loaded coals by using several techniques that span a range of heating rates and pressures. Slow-heating pyrolyses were performed at low pressures in the inlet of a field ionization mass spectrometer and at atmospheric pressures in a thermogravimetric analyzer. Moderately rapid-heating pyrolyses were performed in a vacuum TGA apparatus and in sealed silica ampules heated in a molten-salt bath. The fastest heating rates were achieved with laser pyrolysis at about 30,000 X/s. The high tar yield seen in this work where the entire volume of the coal particle becomes hot and fluid at very nearly the same time, taken together with the evident non-vapor transport of the tar under these conditions, emphasizes the importance of better understanding the development of fluidity during coal heating. This specifically includes the profound effects--long-recognized but poorly understood that mild oxidation has in suppressing coal fluidity. It also includes the more recently recognized fact that heating in the presence of an inert gas produced substantially greater fluidity than does heating in the presence of combustion gases, even if the conditions are very fuel rich and all the oxygen itself has already been consumed when the coal particles are encountered.
- Research Organization:
- SRI International, Menlo Park, CA (United States). Molecular Physics Lab.
- Sponsoring Organization:
- USDOE; USDOE, Washington, DC (United States)
- DOE Contract Number:
- AC21-87MC23286
- OSTI ID:
- 7296882
- Report Number(s):
- DOE/MC/23286-3093; ON: DE92001281
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
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Related Subjects
COAL
PYROLYSIS
COAL TAR
CHEMICAL REACTION YIELD
CHEMISTRY
CHEMICAL BONDS
CLEAVAGE
CROSS-LINKING
HEATING RATE
INERT ATMOSPHERE
LASERS
MASS SPECTROSCOPY
OXIDATION
POLYMERIZATION
PRESSURE EFFECTS
PROGRESS REPORT
RADIATION HEATING
TEMPERATURE DEPENDENCE
THERMAL GRAVIMETRIC ANALYSIS
VOLATILE MATTER
CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS
CHEMICAL ANALYSIS
CHEMICAL REACTIONS
CRYSTAL STRUCTURE
DECOMPOSITION
DOCUMENT TYPES
ENERGY SOURCES
FOSSIL FUELS
FUELS
GRAVIMETRIC ANALYSIS
HEATING
MATERIALS
MATTER
MICROSTRUCTURE
ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
OTHER ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
QUANTITATIVE CHEMICAL ANALYSIS
SPECTROSCOPY
TAR
THERMAL ANALYSIS
THERMOCHEMICAL PROCESSES
YIELDS
010409* - Coal
Lignite
& Peat- Pyrolysis & Carbonization- (1987-)