Catalyst dispersion and activity under conditions of temperature- staged liquefaction. [Catalyst precursors for molybdenum-based catalyst and iron-based catalyst]
Two coals, a Texas subbituminous C and a Utah high volatile A bituminous, were used to examine the effects of solvent swelling and catalyst impregnation on liquefaction conversion behavior in temperature staged reactions for 30 minutes each at 275{degree} and 425{degree}C in H{sub 2} and 95:5 H{sub 2}:H{sub 2}S atmospheres. Methanol, pyridine, tetrahydrofuran, and tetrabutylammonium hydroxide were used as swelling agents. Molybdenum-based catalyst precursors were ammonium tetrathiomolybdate, molybdenum trisulfide, molybdenum hexacarbonyl, and bis(tricarbonylcyclopentadienyl-molybdenum). Ferrous sulfate and bis(dicarbonylcyclo-pentadienyliron) served as iron-based catalyst precursors. In addition, ion exchange was used for loading iron onto the subbituminous coal. For most experiments, liquefaction in H{sub 2}:H{sub 2}S was superior to that in H{sub 2}, regardless of the catalyst precursor. The benefit of the H{sub 2}S was greater for the subbituminous, presumably because of its higher iron content relative to the hvab coal. Tetrabutylammonium hydroxide was the only swelling agent to enhance conversion of the hvab coal significantly; it also caused a remarkable increase in conversion of the subbituminous coal. The combined application of solvent swelling and catalyst impregnation also improves liquefaction, mainly through increased oil yields from the hvab coal and increased asphaltenes from the subbituminous. A remarkable effect from use of ammonium tetrathiomolybdate as a catalyst precursor is substantial increase in pristane and phytane yields. Our findings suggest that these compounds are, at least in part, bound to the coal matrix.
- Research Organization:
- Pennsylvania State Univ., University Park, PA (United States)
- Sponsoring Organization:
- USDOE; USDOE, Washington, DC (United States)
- DOE Contract Number:
- AC22-89PC89877
- OSTI ID:
- 7233290
- Report Number(s):
- DOE/PC/89877-10; ON: DE92017296
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
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Catalyst dispersion and activity under conditions of temperature-staged liquefaction
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Related Subjects
BITUMINOUS COAL
SWELLING
CATALYSTS
COMPARATIVE EVALUATIONS
COAL LIQUEFACTION
IRON
CATALYTIC EFFECTS
MOLYBDENUM
SUBBITUMINOUS COAL
CARBONYLS
EXPERIMENTAL DATA
HYDROGEN
HYDROGEN SULFIDES
IRON SULFATES
MEDIUM PRESSURE
METHANOL
MOLYBDENUM COMPOUNDS
PROGRESS REPORT
PYRIDINES
TEMPERATURE EFFECTS
TEMPERATURE RANGE 0400-1000 K
TETRAHYDROFURAN
ALCOHOLS
AZINES
BLACK COAL
CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS
CHALCOGENIDES
COAL
DATA
DOCUMENT TYPES
ELEMENTS
ENERGY SOURCES
EVALUATION
FOSSIL FUELS
FUELS
FURANS
HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
HYDROGEN COMPOUNDS
HYDROXY COMPOUNDS
INFORMATION
IRON COMPOUNDS
LIQUEFACTION
MATERIALS
METALS
NONMETALS
NUMERICAL DATA
ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
ORGANIC NITROGEN COMPOUNDS
ORGANIC OXYGEN COMPOUNDS
OXYGEN COMPOUNDS
REFRACTORY METAL COMPOUNDS
SULFATES
SULFIDES
SULFUR COMPOUNDS
TEMPERATURE RANGE
THERMOCHEMICAL PROCESSES
TRANSITION ELEMENT COMPOUNDS
TRANSITION ELEMENTS
010405* - Coal
Lignite
& Peat- Hydrogenation & Liquefaction