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Title: Transmission-distribution long-term volt-var planning considering reactive power support capability of distributed PV

Journal Article · · International Journal of Electrical Power and Energy Systems
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  1. Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States)
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High penetration of grid-edge, inverter-based photovoltaic (PV) can cause significant voltage fluctuations not only at the distribution but also at the sub-transmission levels due to PV output intermittency. Traditional reactive power planning approaches do not consider intermittency, nor the possibility of coordinating the control of existing and future volt-ampere reactive resources. This paper proposes a reactive power planning tool for sub-transmission systems to mitigate voltage violations and fluctuations caused by high PV penetration and intermittency with a minimum investment cost. The planning tool coordinates with an optimization-based volt-var operational tool for: a) modeling the coordination of all existing var assets in both sub-transmission and distribution systems to reduce the need of new equipment, and b)selecting a set of scenarios with voltage violations, derived from PV intermittency c) testing the final investment decision. The tool obtains an investment need for each intermittency scenario with a proposed optimal power-flow framework with efficient techniques to handle a high number of discrete variables. Two options are provided for final planning decision: i) a conservative direct combination of investment need solutions and ii) a machine learning-based selection of representative investment needs at most time steps. The final investment decision options are verified using a realistic large-scale sub-transmission system and 5-minute PV and load data. The results show a significant voltage performance improvement with a lower investment cost for additional var equipment compared to conventional approaches.

Research Organization:
Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States)
Sponsoring Organization:
USDOE
Grant/Contract Number:
AC05-76RL01830
OSTI ID:
1995237
Report Number(s):
PNNL-SA-163369
Journal Information:
International Journal of Electrical Power and Energy Systems, Vol. 138; ISSN 0142-0615
Publisher:
ElsevierCopyright Statement
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English

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14 SOLAR ENERGY
optimal power flow
photovoltaic
reactive power planning
volt-var control
principle component analysis