Linear and Nonlinear Optical Properties of Iridium Nanoparticles Grown via Atomic Layer Deposition

Schmitt, Paul; Paul, Pallabi; Li, Weiwei; Wang, Zilong; David, Christin; Daryakar, Navid; Hanemann, Kevin; Felde, Nadja; Munser, Anne-Sophie; Kling, Matthias F.; Schröder, Sven; Tünnermann, Andreas; Szeghalmi, Adriana

doi:10.3390/coatings13040787

Title: Linear and Nonlinear Optical Properties of Iridium Nanoparticles Grown via Atomic Layer Deposition

Journal Article · Tue Apr 18 00:00:00 EDT 2023 · Coatings

DOI:https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings13040787· OSTI ID:1991602

^[1];

^[1]; Li, Weiwei ^[2]; Wang, Zilong ^[2];

^[3];

^[3]; Hanemann, Kevin ^[4]; Felde, Nadja ^[4]; Munser, Anne-Sophie ^[1]; Kling, Matthias F. ^[5]; Schröder, Sven ^[4]; Tünnermann, Andreas ^[1];

^[1]

Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Optics and Precision Engineering (IOF) (Germany); Friedrich Schiller Univ., Jena (Germany)
Ludwig Maximilian Univ. of Munich, Munich (Germany); Max Planck Society, Garching (Germany). Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics
Friedrich Schiller Univ., Jena (Germany)
Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Optics and Precision Engineering (IOF) (Germany)
Ludwig Maximilian Univ. of Munich, Munich (Germany); Max Planck Society, Garching (Germany). Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics; SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory (SLAC), Menlo Park, CA (United States); Stanford Univ., CA (United States)

Nonlinear optical phenomena enable novel photonic and optoelectronic applications. Especially, metallic nanoparticles and thin films with nonlinear optical properties offer the potential for micro-optical system integration. For this purpose, new nonlinear materials need to be continuously identified, investigated, and utilized for nonlinear optical applications. While noble-metal nanoparticles, nanostructures, and thin films of silver and gold have been widely studied, iridium (Ir) nanoparticles and ultrathin films have not been investigated for nonlinear optical applications yet. Here, we present a combined theoretical and experimental study on the linear and nonlinear optical properties of iridium nanoparticles deposited via atomic layer deposition (ALD). Linear optical constants, such as the effective refractive index and extinction coefficient, were evaluated at different growth stages of nanoparticle formation. Both linear and nonlinear optical properties of these Ir ALD coatings were calculated theoretically using the Maxwell Garnett theory. The third-order susceptibility of iridium nanoparticle samples was experimentally investigated using the z-scan technique. According to the experiment, for an Ir ALD coating with 45 cycles resulting in iridium nanoparticles, the experimentally determined nonlinear third-order susceptibility is about χ_Ir⁽³⁾ = (2.4 – i2.1) × 10^–17 m²/V² at the fundamental wavelength of 700 nm. The theory fitted to the experimental results predicts a 5 × 10⁶-fold increase around 230 nm. This strong increase is due to the proximity to the Mie resonance of iridium nanoparticles.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Cite

Export

Save

Research Organization:: SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory (SLAC), Menlo Park, CA (United States). Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-76SF00515

OSTI ID:: 1991602

Journal Information:: Coatings, Vol. 13, Issue 4; ISSN 2079-6412

Publisher:: MDPICopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

References (55)

Maxwell-Garnett effective medium theory: Quantum nonlocal effects Moradi, Afshin Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 22, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4917252	journal	April 2015
The third-order nonlinear optical susceptibility of gold Boyd, Robert W.; Shi, Zhimin; De Leon, Israel Optics Communications, Vol. 326 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optcom.2014.03.005	journal	September 2014
Large third-order nonlinear refractive index coefficient based on gold nanoparticle aggregate films Bai, Songang; Li, Qiang; Zhang, Han Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 107, Issue 14 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4931759	journal	October 2015
Ultrastable and Atomically Smooth Ultrathin Silver Films Grown on a Copper Seed Layer Formica, Nadia; Ghosh, Dhriti S.; Carrilero, Albert ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, Vol. 5, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1021/am303147w	journal	January 2013
Two-Photon Three-Dimensional Optical Storage Memory Dvornikov, A. S.; Walker, E. P.; Rentzepis, P. M. The Journal of Physical Chemistry A, Vol. 113, Issue 49 https://doi.org/10.1021/jp905655z	journal	October 2009
Enhancement of optical nonlinearity in periodic gold nanoparticle arrays Shen, Hong; Cheng, Bolin; Lu, Guowei Nanotechnology, Vol. 17, Issue 16 https://doi.org/10.1088/0957-4484/17/16/045	journal	August 2006
Optical constants and roughness study of dc magnetron sputtered iridium films Yan, Li; Woollam, John A. Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 92, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1509091	journal	October 2002
Nonlinear Optical Signal Processing in Optical Packet Switching Systems Kurumida, Junya; Yoo, S. J. Ben IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics, Vol. 18, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1109/JSTQE.2011.2143390	journal	March 2012
Crystallographic Properties of Iridium Arblaster, John W. Platinum Metals Review, Vol. 54, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1595/147106710X493124	journal	April 2010
Removal of Nitrate by Photocatalytic Denitrification Using Nonlinear Optical Material Liu, Guoshuai; You, Shijie; Ma, Ming Environmental Science & Technology, Vol. 50, Issue 20 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.6b03455	journal	September 2016
Relative SHG measurements of metal thin films: Gold, silver, aluminum, cobalt, chromium, germanium, nickel, antimony, titanium, titanium nitride, tungsten, zinc, silicon and indium tin oxide Che, Franklin; Grabtchak, Serge; Whelan, William M. Results in Physics, Vol. 7 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rinp.2017.01.012	journal	January 2017
Thin Films of Nonlinear Metallic Amorphous Composites Daryakar, Navid; David, Christin Nanomaterials, Vol. 12, Issue 19 https://doi.org/10.3390/nano12193359	journal	September 2022
Second-Harmonic Generation from ZnO/Al ₂ O ₃ Nanolaminate Optical Metamaterials Grown by Atomic-Layer Deposition Wickberg, Andreas; Kieninger, Clemens; Sürgers, Christoph Advanced Optical Materials, Vol. 4, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1002/adom.201600200	journal	May 2016
Near-Field Imaging with a Localized Nonlinear Light Source Palomba, Stefano; Novotny, Lukas Nano Letters, Vol. 9, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1021/nl901986g	journal	November 2009
Dispersion Theory of Liquids Containing Optically Linear and Nonlinear Maxwell Garnett Nanoparticles Peiponen, Kai-Erik; M#x00E4;kinen, Martti O. A.; Saarinen, Jarkko J. Optical Review, Vol. 8, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10043-001-0009-5	journal	January 2001
A review on the development of optical limiters from homogeneous to reflective 1-D photonic crystal structures Gadhwal, Reena; Devi, Ambika Optics & Laser Technology, Vol. 141 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optlastec.2021.107144	journal	September 2021
Highly Defective Nanocrystals as Ultrafast Optical Switches: Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Efficient Nonlinear Optical Response Zhang, Xiaowen; Zhang, Duoduo; Tan, Dezhi Chemistry of Materials, Vol. 32, Issue 23 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemmater.0c03235	journal	November 2020
Large optical nonlinearity of indium tin oxide in its epsilon-near-zero region Alam, M. Z.; De Leon, I.; Boyd, R. W. Science, Vol. 352, Issue 6287 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aae0330	journal	April 2016
Optical, structural, and functional properties of highly reflective and stable iridium mirror coatings for infrared applications Schmitt, Paul; Felde, Nadja; Döhring, Thorsten Optical Materials Express, Vol. 12, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1364/OME.447306	journal	January 2022
Z-scan measurement of the nonlinear refractive index of monolayer WS_2 Zheng, Xin; Zhang, Yangwei; Chen, Runze Optics Express, Vol. 23, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.23.015616	journal	January 2015
Ultrathin Nonlinear Metasurface for Optical Image Encoding Walter, Felicitas; Li, Guixin; Meier, Cedrik Nano Letters, Vol. 17, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b00676	journal	April 2017
On Tailoring of Nonlinear Spectral Properties of Nanocomposites Having Maxwell Garnett or Bruggeman Structure Saarinen, Jarkko J.; Vartiainen, Erik M.; Peiponen, Kai-Erik Optical Review, Vol. 10, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10043-003-0111-y	journal	March 2003
Influence of laser pulse characteristics on the hot electron contribution to the third-order nonlinear optical response of gold nanoparticles Guillet, Yannick; Rashidi-Huyeh, Majid; Palpant, Bruno Physical Review B, Vol. 79, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.79.045410	journal	January 2009
Nonlinear optical properties of metal nanoparticles: a review Zhang, Yu-xi; Wang, Yu-hua RSC Advances, Vol. 7, Issue 71 https://doi.org/10.1039/C7RA07551K	journal	January 2017
Iridium wire grid polarizer fabricated using atomic layer deposition Weber, Thomas; Käsebier, Thomas; Szeghalmi, Adriana Nanoscale Research Letters, Vol. 6, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1186/1556-276X-6-558	journal	October 2011
Direct growth of monolayer MoS₂ on nanostructured silicon waveguides Kuppadakkath, Athira; Najafidehaghani, Emad; Gan, Ziyang Nanophotonics, Vol. 11, Issue 19 https://doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2022-0235	journal	August 2022
Nonlinear susceptibility of composite optical materials in the Maxwell Garnett model Sipe, J. E.; Boyd, Robert W. Physical Review A, Vol. 46, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.46.1614	journal	August 1992
Experimental investigation of nonlinear optical properties of Ag nanoparticles: Effects of size quantization Sato, Rodrigo; Ohnuma, Masato; Oyoshi, Keiji Physical Review B, Vol. 90, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.90.125417	journal	September 2014
Review and assessment of measured values of the nonlinear refractive-index coefficient of fused silica Milam, David Applied Optics, Vol. 37, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.37.000546	journal	January 1998
A trip in the nonlinear optical properties of iridium complexes Colombo, Alessia; Dragonetti, Claudia; Guerchais, Véronique Coordination Chemistry Reviews, Vol. 414 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ccr.2020.213293	journal	July 2020
All-Optical Control of Light in Micro- and Nanophotonics Taghinejad, Mohammad; Cai, Wenshan ACS Photonics, Vol. 6, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1021/acsphotonics.9b00013	journal	April 2019
Relation between nonlinear refractive index and third-order susceptibility in absorbing media del Coso, Raúl; Solis, Javier Journal of the Optical Society of America B, Vol. 21, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1364/JOSAB.21.000640	journal	January 2004
Introduction to the Maxwell Garnett approximation: tutorial Markel, Vadim A. Journal of the Optical Society of America A, Vol. 33, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1364/JOSAA.33.001244	journal	January 2016
Blistering during the atomic layer deposition of iridium Genevée, Pascal; Ahiavi, Ernest; Janunts, Norik Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology A: Vacuum, Surfaces, and Films, Vol. 34, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1116/1.4934753	journal	October 2015
Extended Maxwell-Garnett-Mie formulation applied to size dispersion of metallic nanoparticles embedded in host liquid matrix Battie, Y.; Resano-Garcia, A.; Chaoui, N. The Journal of Chemical Physics, Vol. 140, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4862995	journal	January 2014
Laser-induced breakdown and damage in bulk transparent materials induced by tightly focused femtosecond laser pulses Schaffer, Chris B.; Brodeur, André; Mazur, Eric Measurement Science and Technology, Vol. 12, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1088/0957-0233/12/11/305	journal	October 2001
Tunable plasmons in ultrathin metal films Maniyara, Rinu Abraham; Rodrigo, Daniel; Yu, Renwen Nature Photonics, Vol. 13, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41566-019-0366-x	journal	March 2019
Linear and Nonlinear Absorption of Titanium Dioxide Films Produced by Plasma Ion-Assisted Electron Beam Evaporation: Modeling and Experiments Stenzel, Olaf; Wilbrandt, Steffen; Mühlig, Christian Coatings, Vol. 10, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings10010059	journal	January 2020
Angle-resolved scattering: an effective method for characterizing thin-film coatings Schröder, Sven; Herffurth, Tobias; Blaschke, Holger Applied Optics, Vol. 50, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.50.00C164	journal	December 2010
Second and third order nonlinear optical properties of nanostructured ZnO thin films deposited on α-BBO and LiNbO3 Kulyk, B.; Essaidi, Z.; Kapustianyk, V. Optics Communications, Vol. 281, Issue 24 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optcom.2008.09.022	journal	December 2008
Influence of sputtering pressure on the nanostructure and the X-ray reflectivity of iridium coatings Probst, A. -C.; Stollenwerk, M.; Emmerich, F. Surface and Coatings Technology, Vol. 343 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2017.10.062	journal	June 2018
Osmium atomic-oxygen protection by an iridium overcoat for increased extreme-ultraviolet grating efficiency Hemphill, Richelieu; Hurwitz, Mark; Pelizzo, Maria G. Applied Optics, Vol. 42, Issue 25 https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.42.005149	journal	September 2003
Optical bandgap control in Al2O3/TiO2 heterostructures by plasma enhanced atomic layer deposition: Toward quantizing structures and tailored binary oxides Paul, Pallabi; Hafiz, Md. Golam; Schmitt, Paul Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, Vol. 252 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.saa.2021.119508	journal	May 2021
Iridium thin-film coatings for the BabyIAXO hybrid X-ray optic Henriksen, Peter L.; Ferreira, Desiree D. M.; Massahi, Sonny Applied Optics, Vol. 60, Issue 22 https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.430304	journal	July 2021
Size-and shape-dependent nonlinear optical response of Au nanoparticles embedded in sapphire Sánchez-Dena, O.; Mota-Santiago, P.; Tamayo-Rivera, L. Optical Materials Express, Vol. 4, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1364/OME.4.000092	journal	December 2013
The optical kerr effect in small metal particles and metal colloids: The case of gold Hache, F.; Ricard, D.; Flytzanis, C. Applied Physics A: Solids and Surface, Vol. 47, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00615498	journal	December 1988
z -scan measurement of the nonlinear absorption of a thin gold film Smith, David D.; Yoon, Youngkwon; Boyd, Robert W. Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 86, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.371675	journal	December 1999
Enhancing Second Harmonic Generation in Gold Nanoring Resonators Filled with Lithium Niobate Lehr, Dennis; Reinhold, Jörg; Thiele, Illia Nano Letters, Vol. 15, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1021/nl5038819	journal	January 2015
Third-order nonlinear optical response of colloidal gold nanoparticles prepared by sputtering deposition Castro, Hemerson P. S.; Wender, Heberton; Alencar, Márcio A. R. C. Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 114, Issue 18 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4831679	journal	November 2013
Second-order nonlinear optical metamaterials: ABC-type nanolaminates Alloatti, L.; Kieninger, C.; Froelich, A. Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 107, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4931492	journal	September 2015
Influence of Substrate Materials on Nucleation and Properties of Iridium Thin Films Grown by ALD Schmitt, Paul; Beladiya, Vivek; Felde, Nadja Coatings, Vol. 11, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings11020173	journal	February 2021
Highly nonlinear BiOBr nanoflakes for hybrid integrated photonics Jia, Linnan; Cui, Dandan; Wu, Jiayang APL Photonics, Vol. 4, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5116621	journal	September 2019
Nonlinear optical properties and applications of 2D materials: theoretical and experimental aspects You, J. W.; Bongu, S. R.; Bao, Q. Nanophotonics, Vol. 8, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2018-0106	journal	December 2018
Ultra-high resolution zone-doubled  diffractive X-ray optics for the multi-keV regime Vila-Comamala, Joan; Gorelick, Sergey; Färm, Elina Optics Express, Vol. 19, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.19.000175	journal	December 2010
Nonlinear optical properties of nanocomposite materials Boyd, Robert W.; Gehr, Russell J.; Fischer, George L. Pure and Applied Optics: Journal of the European Optical Society Part A, Vol. 5, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1088/0963-9659/5/5/005	journal	September 1996

Similar Records

Tuning of the surface plasmon resonance in TiO{sub 2}/Au thin films grown by magnetron sputtering: The effect of thermal annealing

Journal Article · Fri Apr 01 00:00:00 EDT 2011 · Journal of Applied Physics · OSTI ID:1991602

Torrell, M; Kabir, R; Cunha, L; +5 more

Omnidirectional and broadband absorption enhancement from trapezoidal Mie resonators in semiconductor metasurfaces

Journal Article · Mon Sep 19 00:00:00 EDT 2016 · Scientific Reports · OSTI ID:1991602

Pala, Ragip A.; Butun, Serkan; Aydin, Koray; +1 more

Band diagram and rate analysis of thin film spinel LiMn₂O₄ formed by electrochemical conversion of ALD-grown MnO

Journal Article · Thu Sep 22 00:00:00 EDT 2016 · Advanced Functional Materials · OSTI ID:1991602

Young, Matthias J.; Schnabel, Hans-Dieter; Holder, Aaron M.; +2 more

Related Subjects

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE
linear optical properties
nonlinear optical material
iridium nanoparticles
atomic layer deposition
z-scan technique

Title: Linear and Nonlinear Optical Properties of Iridium Nanoparticles Grown via Atomic Layer Deposition

Citation Formats

References (55)

Similar Records

Related Subjects