Tevatron Run II Handbook
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, IL (United States)
The Tevatron proton-antiproton Collider is the highest-energy particle collider currently operational anywhere in the world. To exploit this unique tool fully, and to meet the goals of the Fermilab high energy physics research program through the 1990's and into the twenty-first century, a phased upgrade of the Fermilab accelerator complex is underway. The initial Run II goal is to achieve a luminosity of 5×1031 cm−2 sec−1 and an integrated luminosity of 2 fb−1. It is thought that the ultimate potential of the initial Run II upgrades is to achieve luminosities up to 2×1032 cm−2 sec−1. Some of this potential will be need to achieve the Run II goal for integrated luminosity in a reasonable length of time–say 2 years–after the initial luminosity goal is reached. The Run II luminosity goals are about a factor of 100 increase over the original 1.0×1030 cm−2 sec−1 design goal of the Tevatron Collider, accompanied by creation of simultaneous high intensity fixed target capability at 120 GeV. The first phase of the upgrade program, an increase in the Linac energy from 200 MeV to 400 MeV, was completed in 1993 and has supported Tevatron collider operations at luminosities in the range of 1.5-2.5×1031 cm−2 sec−1 during Run Ib. The second phase of the upgrade involves the replacement of the existing Main Ring with a new accelerator, the Fermilab Main Injector, and the construction of a new antiproton storage ring, the Recycler, within a common tunnel. The Main Injector and Recycler together are expected to support a luminosity in excess of 1×1032 cm−2 sec−1 in the Tevatron collider. Improved performance is based on enhanced antiproton production, storage, and recovery capabilities following initiation of Main Injector and Recycler operations. In addition the Main Injector is designed to provide a slow (or fast) resonantly extracted 120 GeV beam containing 3×1013 protons with a 2.9 (or 1.9) second cycle time. The Fermilab Main Injector is a large aperture, rapid cycling, proton synchrotron designed specifically to address the fundamental limitations inherent in the present Main Ring. With the advent of the Tevatron at Fermilab the role of the Main Ring changed significantly from its original mission of delivering 400 GeV protons for fixed-target operations. The conversion of the Main Ring to a supporting role in the early 1980s introduced a completely new set of operational requirements that were never envisaged in the original Main Ring design. Accommodating the needs of antiproton production, bipolar injection into the Tevatron, and physical avoidance of the colliding detector experiments has inevitably resulted in reduced Main Ring performance characteristics. Possible enhancements to the physics program, such as test beams for detector development and high intensity/low energy proton beams for high energy physics research, are all precluded by the present operational and physical constraints in the Main Ring. The replacement of the Fermilab Main Ring by the Main Injector addresses all of these issues in an elegant and efficient manner.
- Research Organization:
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, IL (United States)
- Sponsoring Organization:
- USDOE Office of Science (SC), High Energy Physics (HEP)
- DOE Contract Number:
- AC02-07CH11359
- OSTI ID:
- 1985109
- Report Number(s):
- FERMILAB-TM-2484; FERMILAB-TM-2484-1998; oai:inspirehep.net:857614; TRN: US2403642
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
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