Cryogenic energy storage: Standalone design, rigorous optimization and techno-economic analysis

Gandhi, Akhilesh; Zantye, Manali S.; Faruque Hasan, M. M.

doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.119413

Title: Cryogenic energy storage: Standalone design, rigorous optimization and techno-economic analysis

Journal Article · Thu Jun 16 00:00:00 EDT 2022 · Applied Energy

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.119413· OSTI ID:1976856

Gandhi, Akhilesh ^[1]; Zantye, Manali S. ^[1]; Faruque Hasan, M. M. ^[1]

Texas A & M University, College Station, TX (United States)

Energy storage allows flexible use and management of excess electricity and intermittently available renewable energy. Cryogenic energy storage (CES) is a promising storage alternative with a high technology readiness level and maturity, but the round-trip efficiency is often moderate and the Levelized Cost of Storage (LCOS) remains high. The complex flowsheets with intricate thermodynamics at cryogenic temperatures as well as the presence of multiple loops and refrigeration cycles pose considerable challenges for rigorous model-based design and optimization of CES systems. We present an optimization strategy that couples rigorous process simulation and Bayesian optimization with flowsheet decomposition and identification of hidden coupling constraints to optimally design standalone CES systems. Further refinement is done via a local search using the limited-memory Broyden–Fletcher–Goldfarb–Shanno algorithm. Here our results indicate that it is possible to achieve more than 52% round-trip efficiency and an LCOS of $$\$$153$/MWh for a standalone 100 MW/400 MWh CES system limited to short-term storage with daily charging–discharging. However, a detailed techno-economic assessment reveals that the LCOS considering total capital investment may exceed $$\$$267$/MWh when all direct and indirect costs of installation and operation are considered.

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Research Organization:: West Virginia Univ., Morgantown, WV (United States); Texas A & M Univ., College Station, TX (United States); West Virginia University Research Corporation, Morgantown, WV (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Fossil Energy (FE)

Grant/Contract Number:: FE0031771

OSTI ID:: 1976856

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1874083; OSTI ID: 2203102

Journal Information:: Applied Energy, Vol. 322, Issue C; ISSN 0306-2619

Publisher:: ElsevierCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Title: Cryogenic energy storage: Standalone design, rigorous optimization and techno-economic analysis

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