The Evolution of AGN Activity in Brightest Cluster Galaxies

Somboonpanyakul, T.; McDonald, M.; Noble, A.; Aguena, M.; Allam, S.; Amon, A.; Andrade-Oliveira, F.; Bacon, D.; Bayliss, M. B.; Bertin, E.; Bhargava, S.; Brooks, D.; Buckley-Geer, E.; Burke, D. L.; Calzadilla, M.; Canning, R.; Carnero Rosell, A.; Carrasco Kind, M.; Carretero, J.; Costanzi, M.; da Costa, L. N.; Pereira, M. S.; De Vicente, J.; Doel, P.; Eisenhardt, P.; Everett, S.; Evrard, A. E.; Ferrero, I.; Flaugher, B.; Floyd, B.; García-Bellido, J.; Gaztanaga, E.; Gerdes, D. W.; Gonzalez, A.; Gruen, D.; Gruendl, R. A.; Gschwend, J.; Gupta, N.; Gutierrez, G.; Hinton, S. R.; Hollowood, D. L.; Honscheid, K.; Hoyle, B.; James, D. J.; Jeltema, T.; Khullar, G.; Kim, K. J.; Klein, M.; Kuehn, K.; Lima, M.; Maia, M. G.; Marshall, J. L.; Martini, P.; Melchior, P.; Menanteau, F.; Miquel, R.; Mohr, J. J.; Morgan, R.; Ogando, R. C.; Palmese, A.; Paz-Chinchón, F.; Pieres, A.; Plazas Malagón, A. A.; Reil, K.; Romer, A. K.; Ruppin, F.; Sanchez, E.; Saro, A.; Scarpine, V.; Schubnell, M.; Serrano, S.; Sevilla-Noarbe, I.; Singh, P.; Smith, M.; Soares-Santos, M.; Strazzullo, V.; Suchyta, Eric; Swanson, M. C.; Tarle, G.; To, C.; Tucker, D. L.; Wilkinson, R. D.

doi:10.3847/1538-3881/ac5030

Title: The Evolution of AGN Activity in Brightest Cluster Galaxies

Journal Article · Thu Mar 03 00:00:00 EST 2022 · The Astronomical Journal

DOI:https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-3881/ac5030· OSTI ID:1883722

^[1];

; Noble, A.;

; Allam, S.; Amon, A.; Andrade-Oliveira, F.; Bacon, D.;

;

; Bhargava, S.;

; Buckley-Geer, E.;

;

; Canning, R.;

;

Massachusetts Inst. of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA (United States); Stanford Univ., CA (United States); SPT Collaboration. et al.
Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)

We present the results of an analysis of Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) observations of the full 2500 deg² South Pole Telescope (SPT)-Sunyaev–Zel'dovich cluster sample. We describe a process for identifying active galactic nuclei (AGN) in brightest cluster galaxies (BCGs) based on WISE mid-IR color and redshift. Applying this technique to the BCGs of the SPT-SZ sample, we calculate the AGN-hosting BCG fraction, which is defined as the fraction of BCGs hosting bright central AGNs over all possible BCGs. Assuming an evolving single-burst stellar population model, we find statistically significant evidence (>99.9%) for a mid-IR excess at high redshift compared to low redshift, suggesting that the fraction of AGN-hosting BCGs increases with redshift over the range of 0 < z < 1.3. The best-fit redshift trend of the AGN-hosting BCG fraction has the form (1 + z)^4.1±1.0. These results are consistent with previous studies in galaxy clusters as well as as in field galaxies. One way to explain this result is that member galaxies at high redshift tend to have more cold gas. While BCGs in nearby galaxy clusters grow mostly by dry mergers with cluster members, leading to no increase in AGN activity, BCGs at high redshift could primarily merge with gas-rich satellites, providing fuel for feeding AGNs. If this observed increase in AGN activity is linked to gas-rich mergers rather than ICM cooling, we would expect to see an increase in scatter in the P_cav versus L_cool relation at z > 1. Last, this work confirms that the runaway cooling phase, as predicted by the classical cooling-flow model, in the Phoenix cluster is extremely rare and most BCGs have low (relative to Eddington) black hole accretion rates.

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Research Organization:: Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States); Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, IL (United States); SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory (SLAC), Menlo Park, CA (United States); Univ. of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), High Energy Physics (HEP); USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES)

Contributing Organization:: SPT Collaboration

Grant/Contract Number:: AC05-00OR22725; AC02-07CH11359; AC02-76SF00515; SC0019193

OSTI ID:: 1883722

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1854802; OSTI ID: 1866586; OSTI ID: 1983571

Report Number(s):: FERMILAB-PUB-22-056-PPD; arXiv:2201.08398; TRN: US2308033

Journal Information:: The Astronomical Journal, Vol. 163, Issue 4; ISSN 0004-6256

Publisher:: IOP PublishingCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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