Nanoscale solid-state nuclear quadrupole resonance spectroscopy using depth-optimized nitrogen-vacancy ensembles in diamond

Henshaw, Jacob; Kehayias, Pauli; Saleh Ziabari, Maziar; Titze, Michael; Morissette, Erin; Watanabe, Kenji; Taniguchi, Takashi; Li, J. A.; Acosta, Victor M.; Bielejec, Edward S.; Lilly, Michael P.; Mounce, Andrew M.

doi:10.1063/5.0083774

Title: Nanoscale solid-state nuclear quadrupole resonance spectroscopy using depth-optimized nitrogen-vacancy ensembles in diamond

Journal Article · Wed Apr 27 00:00:00 EDT 2022 · Applied Physics Letters

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0083774· OSTI ID:1872021

^[1];

^[1]; Saleh Ziabari, Maziar ^[2];

^[1]; Morissette, Erin ^[3];

^[4]; Taniguchi, Takashi ^[4];

^[3];

^[5]; Bielejec, Edward S. ^[1]; Lilly, Michael P. ^[1];

^[1]

Sandia National Lab. (SNL-NM), Albuquerque, NM (United States)
Sandia National Lab. (SNL-NM), Albuquerque, NM (United States); Univ. of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM (United States)
Brown Univ., Providence, RI (United States)
National Inst. for Materials Science, Tsukuba (Japan)
Univ. of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM (United States)

Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and nuclear quadrupole resonance (NQR) spectroscopy of bulk quantum materials have provided insight into phenomena, such as quantum phase criticality, magnetism, and superconductivity. With the emergence of nanoscale 2D materials with magnetic phenomena, inductively detected NMR and NQR spectroscopy are not sensitive enough to detect the smaller number of spins in nanomaterials. The nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center in diamond has shown promise in bringing the analytic power of NMR and NQR spectroscopy to the nanoscale. However, due to depth-dependent formation efficiency of the defect centers, noise from surface spins, band bending effects, and the depth dependence of the nuclear magnetic field, there is ambiguity regarding the ideal NV depth for surface NMR of statistically polarized spins. In this work, we prepared a range of shallow NV ensemble layer depths and determined the ideal NV depth by performing NMR spectroscopy on statistically polarized ¹⁹F in Fomblin oil on the diamond surface. We found that the measurement time needed to achieve a signal-to-noise ratio of 3 using XY8-N noise spectroscopy has a minimum at an NV ensemble depth of 5.5 ± 1.5 nm for ensembles activated from 100 ppm nitrogen concentration. To demonstrate the sensing capabilities of NV ensembles, we perform NQR spectroscopy on the ¹¹B of hexagonal boron nitride flakes. We compare our best diamond to previous work with a single NV and find that this ensemble provides a shorter measurement time with excitation diameters as small as 4 μm. Furthermore, this analysis provides ideal conditions for further experiments involving NMR/NQR spectroscopy of 2D materials with magnetic properties.

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Research Organization:: Sandia National Lab. (SNL-NM), Albuquerque, NM (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA); MEXT, Japan; JSPS KAKENHI; National Science Foundation (NSF)

Grant/Contract Number:: NA0003525; JPMXP0112101001; 19H05790; 20H00354; 21H05233; DMR-2143384

OSTI ID:: 1872021

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1865227

Report Number(s):: SAND2022-6101J; 706398; TRN: US2307093

Journal Information:: Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 120, Issue 17; ISSN 0003-6951

Publisher:: American Institute of Physics (AIP)Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Title: Nanoscale solid-state nuclear quadrupole resonance spectroscopy using depth-optimized nitrogen-vacancy ensembles in diamond

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