Characterization of the high-pressure and high-temperature phase diagram and equation of state of chromium

Anzellini, Simone; Errandonea, Daniel; Burakovsky, Leonid; Proctor, John E.; Turnbull, Robin; Beavers, Christine M.

doi:10.1038/s41598-022-10523-2

Title: Characterization of the high-pressure and high-temperature phase diagram and equation of state of chromium

Journal Article · Mon Apr 25 00:00:00 EDT 2022 · Scientific Reports

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-10523-2· OSTI ID:1871481

Anzellini, Simone ^[1]; Errandonea, Daniel ^[2]; Burakovsky, Leonid ^[3]; Proctor, John E. ^[4]; Turnbull, Robin ^[2]; Beavers, Christine M. ^[1]

Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC), Oxford (United Kingdom). Diamond Light Source, Ltd.
Univ. of Valencia (Spain)
Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)
University of Salford, Manchester (United Kingdom)

The high-pressure and high-temperature phase diagram of chromium has been investigated both experimentally (in situ), using a laser-heated diamond-anvil cell technique coupled with synchrotron powder X-ray diffraction, and theoretically, using ab initio density-functional theory simulations. In the pressure–temperature range covered experimentally (up to 90 GPa and 4500 K, respectively) only the solid body-centred-cubic and liquid phases of chromium have been observed. Experiments and computer calculations give melting curves in agreement with each other that can both be described by the Simon–Glatzel equation $$T_{m}(P) = 2136K (1 + P/25.9)^{0.41}$$ In addition, a quasi-hydrostatic equation of state at ambient temperature has been experimentally characterized up to 131 GPa and compared with the present simulations. Both methods give very similar third-order Birch–Murnaghan equations of state with bulk moduli of 182–185 GPa and respective pressure derivatives of 4.74–5.15. According to the present calculations, the obtained melting curve and equation of state are valid up to at least 815 GPa, at which pressure the melting temperature is 9310 K. Finally, from the obtained results, it was possible to determine a thermal equation of state of chromium valid up to 65 GPa and 2100 K.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Cite

Export

Save

Research Organization:: Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE

Grant/Contract Number:: 89233218CNA000001

OSTI ID:: 1871481

Report Number(s):: LA-UR-21-31495

Journal Information:: Scientific Reports, Vol. 12, Issue 1; ISSN 2045-2322

Publisher:: Nature Publishing GroupCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

References (80)

Equation of state of rhenium and application for ultra high pressure calibration Anzellini, Simone; Dewaele, Agnès; Occelli, Florent Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 115, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4863300	journal	January 2014
Generalized Gradient Approximation Made Simple Perdew, John P.; Burke, Kieron; Ernzerhof, Matthias Physical Review Letters, Vol. 77, Issue 18, p. 3865-3868 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.77.3865	journal	October 1996
Melting curve of iron to 290 GPa determined in a resistance-heated diamond-anvil cell Sinmyo, Ryosuke; Hirose, Kei; Ohishi, Yasuo Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Vol. 510 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2019.01.006	journal	March 2019
Local-density description of antiferromagnetic Cr Chen, Jing; Singh, David; Krakauer, Henry Physical Review B, Vol. 38, Issue 18 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.38.12834	journal	December 1988
The Melting Curve of Nickel Up to 100 GPa Explored by XAS: MELTING CURVE OF NICKEL UP TO 1 MBAR Boccato, Silvia; Torchio, Raffaella; Kantor, Innokenty Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, Vol. 122, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1002/2017JB014807	journal	December 2017
Internally-Consistent Thermodynamic Data for Minerals in the System Na2O-K2O-CaO-MgO-FeO-Fe2O3-Al2O3-SiO2-TiO2-H2O-CO2 Berman, R. G. Journal of Petrology, Vol. 29, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1093/petrology/29.2.445	journal	April 1988
Synthesis of bulk chromium hydrides under pressure of up to 120 GPa Marizy, Adrien; Geneste, Grégory; Loubeyre, Paul Physical Review B, Vol. 97, Issue 18 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.97.184103	journal	May 2018
Free energies of iron phases at high pressure and temperature: Molecular dynamics study Belonoshko, Anatoly B.; Fu, Jie; Smirnov, Grigory Physical Review B, Vol. 104, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.104.104103	journal	September 2021
Melting of tantalum at high pressure determined by angle dispersive x-ray diffraction in a double-sided laser-heated diamond-anvil cell Errandonea, D.; Somayazulu, M.; Häusermann, D. Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter, Vol. 15, Issue 45 https://doi.org/10.1088/0953-8984/15/45/003	journal	October 2003
Volume Measurements on Chromium to Pressure of 30 Kilobars Evenson, William E.; Hall, H. Tracy Science, Vol. 150, Issue 3700 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.150.3700.1164	journal	November 1965
Generalized separable potentials for electronic-structure calculations Blöchl, Peter E. Physical Review B, Vol. 41, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.41.5414	journal	March 1990
High Melting Points of Tantalum in a Laser-Heated Diamond Anvil Cell Dewaele, Agnès; Mezouar, Mohamed; Guignot, Nicolas Physical Review Letters, Vol. 104, Issue 25 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.104.255701	journal	June 2010
X-ray diffraction measurements of Mo melting to 119 GPa and the high pressure phase diagram Santamaría-Pérez, D.; Ross, M.; Errandonea, D. The Journal of Chemical Physics, Vol. 130, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3082030	journal	March 2009
Electron-energy-loss spectra and the structural stability of nickel oxide: An LSDA+U study Dudarev, S. L.; Botton, G. A.; Savrasov, S. Y. Physical Review B, Vol. 57, Issue 3, p. 1505-1509 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.57.1505	journal	January 1998
Xenon melting: Density functional theory versus diamond anvil cell experiments Belonoshko, A. B.; Davis, S.; Rosengren, A. Physical Review B, Vol. 74, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.74.054114	journal	August 2006
Melting of Copper and Nickel at High Pressure: The Role of $d$ Electrons Japel, Stefanie; Schwager, Beate; Boehler, Reinhard Physical Review Letters, Vol. 95, Issue 16 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.95.167801	journal	October 2005
High-Pressure—High-Temperature Polymorphism in Ta: Resolving an Ongoing Experimental Controversy Burakovsky, L.; Chen, S. P.; Preston, D. L. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 104, Issue 25 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.104.255702	journal	June 2010
Equation of state of cubic solids; some generalizations Swenson, C. A. Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids, Vol. 29, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-3697(68)90185-6	journal	August 1968
Relativistic effects on the structural and magnetic properties of iron Guo, G. Y.; Ebert, H.; Temmerman, W. M. Solid State Communications, Vol. 79, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1016/0038-1098(91)90074-6	journal	July 1991
High-pressure melting curve of platinum from ab initio Z method Belonoshko, A. B.; Rosengren, A. Physical Review B, Vol. 85, Issue 17 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.85.174104	journal	May 2012
Single crystal toroidal diamond anvils for high pressure experiments beyond 5 megabar Jenei, Zs.; O’Bannon, E. F.; Weir, S. T. Nature Communications, Vol. 9, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-06071-x	journal	September 2018
Effect of Hydrostatic Pressure on the Néel Temperature in Chromium Mitsui, Tadayasu; Tomizuka, C. T. Physical Review, Vol. 137, Issue 2A https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRev.137.A564	journal	January 1965
Melting curve of materials: theory versus experiments Alfè, D.; Vo adlo, L.; Price, G. D. Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter, Vol. 16, Issue 14 https://doi.org/10.1088/0953-8984/16/14/006	journal	March 2004
Experimental and theoretical confirmation of an orthorhombic phase transition in niobium at high pressure and temperature Errandonea, Daniel; Burakovsky, Leonid; Preston, Dean L. Communications Materials, Vol. 1, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s43246-020-00058-2	journal	August 2020
In situ characterization of the high pressure – high temperature melting curve of platinum Anzellini, Simone; Monteseguro, Virginia; Bandiello, Enrico Scientific Reports, Vol. 9, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-49676-y	journal	September 2019
High-pressure–high-temperature equation of state of KCl and KBr Dewaele, A.; Belonoshko, A. B.; Garbarino, G. Physical Review B, Vol. 85, Issue 21 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.85.214105	journal	June 2012
Microstructures define melting of molybdenum at high pressures Hrubiak, Rostislav; Meng, Yue; Shen, Guoyin Nature Communications, Vol. 8, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms14562	journal	March 2017
DIOPTAS : a program for reduction of two-dimensional X-ray diffraction data and data exploration Prescher, Clemens; Prakapenka, Vitali B. High Pressure Research, Vol. 35, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1080/08957959.2015.1059835	journal	May 2015
Spin-density-wave antiferromagnetism in chromium Fawcett, Eric Reviews of Modern Physics, Vol. 60, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1103/RevModPhys.60.209	journal	January 1988
Systematics of transition-metal melting Errandonea, Daniel; Schwager, Beate; Ditz, Reiner Physical Review B, Vol. 63, Issue 13 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.63.132104	journal	March 2001
The electronic structure of antiferromagnetic chromium Skriver, H. L. Journal of Physics F: Metal Physics, Vol. 11, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1088/0305-4608/11/1/013	journal	January 1981
High-pressure melting curves of the transition metals Cu, Ni, Pd, and Pt Errandonea, D. Physical Review B, Vol. 87, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.87.054108	journal	February 2013
Recent progress in simulations of the paramagnetic state of magnetic materials Abrikosov, I. A.; Ponomareva, A. V.; Steneteg, P. Current Opinion in Solid State and Materials Science, Vol. 20, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cossms.2015.07.003	journal	April 2016
Author Correction: Thermal equation of state of ruthenium characterized by resistively heated diamond anvil cell Anzellini, Simone; Errandonea, Daniel; Cazorla, Claudio Scientific Reports, Vol. 10, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-63865-0	journal	April 2020
The NiSi melting curve to 70GPa Lord, Oliver T.; Wann, Elizabeth T. H.; Hunt, Simon A. Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, Vol. 233 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pepi.2014.05.005	journal	August 2014
Fully unconstrained noncollinear magnetism within the projector augmented-wave method Hobbs, D.; Kresse, G.; Hafner, J. Physical Review B, Vol. 62, Issue 17 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.62.11556	journal	November 2000
A Practical Review of the Laser-Heated Diamond Anvil Cell for University Laboratories and Synchrotron Applications Anzellini, Simone; Boccato, Silvia Crystals, Vol. 10, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst10060459	journal	June 2020
Melting line of calcium characterized by in situ LH-DAC XRD and first-principles calculations Anzellini, Simone; Alfé, Dario; Pozzo, Monica Scientific Reports, Vol. 11, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-94349-4	journal	July 2021
Ground-state properties of third-row elements with nonlocal density functionals Bagno, P.; Jepsen, O.; Gunnarsson, O. Physical Review B, Vol. 40, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.40.1997	journal	July 1989
Melting of compressed iron by monitoring atomic dynamics Jackson, Jennifer M.; Sturhahn, Wolfgang; Lerche, Michael Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Vol. 362 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2012.11.048	journal	January 2013
A Review of the Melting Curves of Transition Metals at High Pressures Using Static Compression Techniques Parisiades, Paraskevas Crystals, Vol. 11, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst11040416	journal	April 2021
Ab initio melting curve of osmium Burakovsky, L.; Burakovsky, N.; Preston, D. L. Physical Review B, Vol. 92, Issue 17 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.92.174105	journal	November 2015
Refinement of the ruby luminescence pressure scale Holzapfel, Wilfried B. Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 93, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1525856	journal	February 2003
Melting properties from ab initio free energy calculations: Iron at the Earth's inner-core boundary Sun, Tao; Brodholt, John P.; Li, Yunguo Physical Review B, Vol. 98, Issue 22 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.98.224301	journal	December 2018
Melting, density, and anisotropy of iron at core conditions: new x-ray measurements to 150 GPa Boehler, R.; Santamaría-Pérez, D.; Errandonea, D. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, Vol. 121, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/121/2/022018	journal	July 2008
Ultrasoft pseudopotentials applied to magnetic Fe, Co, and Ni: From atoms to solids Moroni, E. G.; Kresse, G.; Hafner, J. Physical Review B, Vol. 56, Issue 24 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.56.15629	journal	December 1997
Solving Controversies on the Iron Phase Diagram Under High Pressure Morard, Guillaume; Boccato, Silvia; Rosa, Angelika D. Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 45, Issue 20 https://doi.org/10.1029/2018GL079950	journal	October 2018
Z methodology for phase diagram studies: platinum and tantalum as examples Burakovsky, L.; Chen, S. P.; Preston, D. L. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, Vol. 500, Issue 16 https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/500/16/162001	journal	May 2014
P–V–T Equation of State of Iridium Up to 80 GPa and 3100 K Anzellini, Simone; Burakovsky, Leonid; Turnbull, Robin Crystals, Vol. 11, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst11040452	journal	April 2021
Generalization of the Unified Analytic Melt-Shear Model to Multi-Phase Materials: Molybdenum as an Example Burakovsky, Leonid; Luscher, Darby; Preston, Dean Crystals, Vol. 9, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst9020086	journal	February 2019
High-pressure study of Cr2O3 obtained by high-temperature oxidation by X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy Mougin, J.; Le Bihan, T.; Lucazeau, G. Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids, Vol. 62, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-3697(00)00215-8	journal	March 2001
Equation of state and phase diagram of solid ${}^{4}{He}$ from single-crystal x-ray diffraction over a large P - T domain Loubeyre, P.; LeToullec, R.; Pinceaux, J. P. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 71, Issue 14 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.71.2272	journal	October 1993
Calculations of Hubbard $U$ from first-principles Aryasetiawan, F.; Karlsson, K.; Jepsen, O. Physical Review B, Vol. 74, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.74.125106	journal	September 2006
Laser-heating system for high-pressure X-ray diffraction at the Extreme Conditions beamline I15 at Diamond Light Source Anzellini, Simone; Kleppe, Annette K.; Daisenberger, Dominik Journal of Synchrotron Radiation, Vol. 25, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1107/S1600577518013383	journal	October 2018
Neutron Diffraction Study of Cr under High Pressure Umebayashi, H.; Shirane, G.; C. Frazer, B. Journal of the Physical Society of Japan, Vol. 24, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.24.368	journal	February 1968
Ab Initio Phase Diagram of Copper Baty, Samuel R.; Burakovsky, Leonid; Errandonea, Daniel Crystals, Vol. 11, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst11050537	journal	May 2021
Melting of iron determined by X-ray absorption spectroscopy to 100 GPa Aquilanti, Giuliana; Trapananti, Angela; Karandikar, Amol Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 112, Issue 39 https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1502363112	journal	September 2015
Phase diagram of calcium at high pressure and high temperature Anzellini, S.; Errandonea, D.; MacLeod, S. G. Physical Review Materials, Vol. 2, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevMaterials.2.083608	journal	August 2018
Effects of gradient corrections on electronic structure in metals Barbiellini, B.; Moroni, E. G.; Jarlborg, T. Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter, Vol. 2, Issue 37 https://doi.org/10.1088/0953-8984/2/37/005	journal	September 1990
EosFit7c and a Fortran module (library) for equation of state calculations Angel, Ross J.; Alvaro, Matteo; Gonzalez-Platas, Javier Zeitschrift für Kristallographie - Crystalline Materials, Vol. 229, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1515/zkri-2013-1711	journal	January 2014
TOPAS and TOPAS-Academic : an optimization program integrating computer algebra and crystallographic objects written in C++ Coelho, Alan A. Journal of Applied Crystallography, Vol. 51, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1107/S1600576718000183	journal	February 2018
A high-pressure study of Cr ₃ C ₂ by XRD and DFT* Xiong, Lun; Li, Qiang; Yang, Cheng-Fu Chinese Physics B, Vol. 29, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1088/1674-1056/ab8c3d	journal	July 2020
Thermal expansion of Cr, Mo and W at low temperatures White, G. K.; Smith, T. F.; Carr, R. H. Cryogenics, Vol. 18, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1016/0011-2275(78)90068-1	journal	May 1978
Theory of Magnetic and Structural Ordering in Iron Wang, C. S.; Klein, B. M.; Krakauer, H. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 54, Issue 16 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.54.1852	journal	April 1985
Melting of Iron Explored by Electrical Resistance Jump up to 135 GPa Hou, Mingqiang; Liu, Jin; Zhang, Youjun Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 48, Issue 20 https://doi.org/10.1029/2021GL095739	journal	October 2021
Ferromagnetism and Antiferromagnetism in 3 d Transition Metals Asano, Setsuro; Yamashita, Jiro Progress of Theoretical Physics, Vol. 49, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1143/PTP.49.373	journal	February 1973
High Pressure Studies of the FCC Chromium Hydride. Tkacz, M. THE REVIEW OF HIGH PRESSURE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, Vol. 7 https://doi.org/10.4131/jshpreview.7.263	journal	January 1998
The melting curve of Ni to 1 Mbar Lord, Oliver T.; Wood, Ian G.; Dobson, David P. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Vol. 408 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2014.09.046	journal	December 2014
Breakdown of the Bardeen–Cooper–Schrieffer ground state at a quantum phase transition Jaramillo, R.; Feng, Yejun; Lang, J. C. Nature, Vol. 459, Issue 7245 https://doi.org/10.1038/nature08008	journal	May 2009
Isothermal compression of bcc transition metals to 100 kbar Ming, Li‐chung; Manghnani, Murli H. Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 49, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.324325	journal	January 1978
Ruby, metals, and $MgO$ as alternative pressure scales: A semiempirical description of shock-wave, ultrasonic, x-ray, and thermochemical data at high temperatures and pressures Dorogokupets, Peter I.; Oganov, Artem R. Physical Review B, Vol. 75, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.75.024115	journal	January 2007
Temperature gradients, wavelength-dependent emissivity, and accuracy of high and very-high temperatures measured in the laser-heated diamond cell Benedetti, Laura Robin; Loubeyre, Paul High Pressure Research, Vol. 24, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1080/08957950412331331718	journal	December 2004
High-Pressure Torsion for Pure Chromium and Niobium Lee, Seungwon; Horita, Zenji MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS, Vol. 53, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.2320/matertrans.MD201131	journal	January 2012
Calculated elastic constants and electronic and magnetic properties of bcc, fcc, and hcp Cr crystals and thin films Guo, G. Y.; Wang, H. H. Physical Review B, Vol. 62, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.62.5136	journal	August 2000
Lattice Anisotropy in Antiferromagnetic Chromium Steinitz, M. O.; Schwartz, L. H.; Marcus, J. A. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 23, Issue 17 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.23.979	journal	October 1969
Melting of Iron at Earth's Inner Core Boundary Based on Fast X-ray Diffraction Anzellini, S.; Dewaele, A.; Mezouar, M. Science, Vol. 340, Issue 6131 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1233514	journal	April 2013
Melting of lead under high pressure studied using second-scale time-resolved x-ray diffraction Dewaele, Agnès; Mezouar, Mohamed; Guignot, Nicolas Physical Review B, Vol. 76, Issue 14 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.76.144106	journal	October 2007
High-pressure melting behavior of tin up to 105 GPa Briggs, R.; Daisenberger, D.; Lord, O. T. Physical Review B, Vol. 95, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.95.054102	journal	February 2017
Ab initio melting curve of molybdenum by the phase coexistence method Cazorla, C.; Gillan, M. J.; Taioli, S. The Journal of Chemical Physics, Vol. 126, Issue 19 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2735324	journal	May 2007
Topological Equivalence of the Phase Diagrams of Molybdenum and Tungsten Baty, Samuel; Burakovsky, Leonid; Preston, Dean Crystals, Vol. 10, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst10010020	journal	January 2020

Similar Records

Elastic properties of single crystal hydrogen sulfide: A Brillouin scattering study under high pressure-temperature

Journal Article · Fri Sep 28 00:00:00 EDT 2018 · Journal of Applied Physics · OSTI ID:1871481

Zhou, Di; Huang, Xiaoli; Li, Xin; +10 more

High-pressure behavior and thermoelastic properties of niobium studied by in situ x-ray diffraction

Journal Article · Mon Jul 07 00:00:00 EDT 2014 · Journal of Applied Physics · OSTI ID:1871481

Zou, Yongtao; Li, Baosheng; Qi, Xintong; +4 more

High-pressure behavior and thermoelastic properties of niobium studied by in situ x-ray diffraction

Journal Article · Mon Jul 07 00:00:00 EDT 2014 · Journal of Applied Physics · OSTI ID:1871481

Zou, Yongtao; Qi, Xintong; Wang, Xuebing; +4 more

Related Subjects

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE

Title: Characterization of the high-pressure and high-temperature phase diagram and equation of state of chromium

Citation Formats

References (80)

Similar Records

Related Subjects