N-Glycolylneuraminic Acid Binding of Avian and Equine H7 Influenza A Viruses

Spruit, Cindy M.; Zhu, Xueyong; Tomris, Ilhan; Ríos-Carrasco, María; Han, Alvin X.; Broszeit, Frederik; van der Woude, Roosmarijn; Bouwman, Kim M.; Luu, Michel T.; Matsuno, Keita; Sakoda, Yoshihiro; Russell, Colin A.; Wilson, Ian A.; Boons, Geert-Jan; de Vries, Robert P.

doi:10.1128/jvi.02120-21

Title: N-Glycolylneuraminic Acid Binding of Avian and Equine H7 Influenza A Viruses

Journal Article · Wed Mar 09 00:00:00 EST 2022 · Journal of Virology

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1128/jvi.02120-21· OSTI ID:1855432

Spruit, Cindy M. ^[1]; Zhu, Xueyong ^[2]; Tomris, Ilhan ^[1]; Ríos-Carrasco, María ^[1]; Han, Alvin X. ^[3]; Broszeit, Frederik ^[1]; van der Woude, Roosmarijn ^[1]; Bouwman, Kim M. ^[1]; Luu, Michel T. ^[1];

^[4]; Sakoda, Yoshihiro ^[4]; Russell, Colin A. ^[3]; Wilson, Ian A. ^[2]; Boons, Geert-Jan ^[5];

^[1]

Utrecht University (Netherlands)
Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA (United States)
Amsterdam University Medical Center (Netherlands)
Hokkaido Univ., Sapporo (Japan)
Utrecht University (Netherlands); Univ. of Georgia, Athens, GA (United States)

Influenza A viruses (IAV) initiate infection by binding to glycans with terminal sialic acids on the cell surface. Hosts of IAV variably express two major forms of sialic acid, N-acetylneuraminic acid (NeuAc) and N-glycolylneuraminic acid (NeuGc). NeuGc is produced in most mammals, including horses and pigs, but is absent in humans, ferrets, and birds. The only known naturally occurring IAV that exclusively bind NeuGc are extinct highly pathogenic equine H7N7 viruses. We determined the crystal structure of a representative equine H7 hemagglutinin (HA) in complex with NeuGc and observed high similarity in the receptor-binding domain with an avian H7 HA. To determine the molecular basis for NeuAc and NeuGc specificity, we performed systematic mutational analyses, based on the structural insights, on two distant avian H7 HAs and an H15 HA. We found that the A135E mutation is key for binding α2,3-linked NeuGc but does not abolish NeuAc binding. The additional mutations S128T, I130V, T189A, and K193R converted the specificity from NeuAc to NeuGc. We investigated the residues at positions 128, 130, 135, 189, and 193 in a phylogenetic analysis of avian and equine H7 HAs. This analysis revealed a clear distinction between equine and avian residues. The highest variability was observed at key position 135, of which only the equine glutamic acid led to NeuGc binding. These results demonstrate that genetically distinct H7 and H15 HAs can be switched from NeuAc to NeuGc binding and vice versa after the introduction of several mutations, providing insights into the adaptation of H7 viruses to NeuGc receptors.

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Research Organization:: Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States). Advanced Photon Source (APS)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-06CH11357

OSTI ID:: 1855432

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1856402

Journal Information:: Journal of Virology, Vol. 96, Issue 5; ISSN 0022-538X

Publisher:: American Society for MicrobiologyCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: ENGLISH

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influenza
receptor-ligand interaction
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Title: N-Glycolylneuraminic Acid Binding of Avian and Equine H7 Influenza A Viruses

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