Fungal Community, Not Substrate Quality, Drives Soil Microbial Function in Northeastern U.S. Temperate Forests

Fitch, Amelia A.; Lang, Ashley K.; Whalen, Emily D.; Geyer, Kevin; Hicks Pries, Caitlin

doi:10.3389/ffgc.2020.569945

Title: Fungal Community, Not Substrate Quality, Drives Soil Microbial Function in Northeastern U.S. Temperate Forests

Journal Article · Thu Oct 22 00:00:00 EDT 2020 · Frontiers in Forests and Global Change

DOI:https://doi.org/10.3389/ffgc.2020.569945· OSTI ID:1853521

Fitch, Amelia A. ^[1]; Lang, Ashley K. ^[1]; Whalen, Emily D. ^[2]; Geyer, Kevin ^[3]; Hicks Pries, Caitlin ^[1]

Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH (United States)
Univ. of New Hampshire, Durham, NH (United States)
Univ. of New Hampshire, Durham, NH (United States); Young Harris College, GA (United States)

Mycorrhizal fungi can affect soil organic matter cycling through several mechanisms including priming, nutrient competition, and direct enzyme production. Differences in nutrient foraging strategies between ectomycorrhizal (EcM) and arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi produce divergent belowground dynamics: where EcM can take up organic nitrogen and directly break down soil organic matter (SOM) by producing enzymes, AM fungi are limited to scavenging mineral N. EcM-associated tree species also have leaf litter with relatively higher ratios of carbon to nitrogen (C:N), and belowground saprotrophic communities more dominated by fungi. Consequently, free-living microbes in EcM-dominated soils should experience nitrogen limitation, with subsequent increases in enzyme production and decreased carbon use efficiency (CUE). However, the relative importance of the effects of substrate quality and fungal community composition on enzyme production and CUE are unclear. To assess this distinction, we sampled the organic horizon and 10 cm of the mineral horizon in northern temperate forest soils along a gradient of EcM dominance. We characterized fungal community composition by measuring EcM relative abundances from extracted fungal DNA and the fungal to bacterial (F:B) ratios from phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) analysis. We assessed soil substrate quality as the soil C:N ratio. Soil microbial functions were measured as potential activities of five hydrolytic and two oxidative enzymes, and microbial CUE. We found that the fungal community, represented by either the F:B ratio, EcM relative abundance, or both, affected CUE and six measured enzyme activities, while the C:N ratio affected only oxidative and chitin-targeting extracellular enzyme activities. Our results highlight the use of EcM relative dominance as a predictor of soil microbial community composition and function independent of substrate quality.

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Research Organization:: Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH (United States); Young Harris College, GA (United States); Univ. of New Hampshire, Durham, NH (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Biological and Environmental Research (BER); U.S. Department of Agriculture

Grant/Contract Number:: SC0020228; S0016590; Hatch 1003421

OSTI ID:: 1853521

Journal Information:: Frontiers in Forests and Global Change, Vol. 3; ISSN 2624-893X

Publisher:: Frontiers Media S.A.Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
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Title: Fungal Community, Not Substrate Quality, Drives Soil Microbial Function in Northeastern U.S. Temperate Forests

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