Suppression of the vacuum space-charge effect in fs-photoemission by a retarding electrostatic front lens

Schönhense, G.; Kutnyakhov, D.; Pressacco, F.; Heber, M.; Wind, N.; Agustsson, S. Y.; Babenkov, S.; Vasilyev, D.; Fedchenko, O.; Chernov, S.; Rettig, L.; Schönhense, B.; Wenthaus, L.; Brenner, G.; Dziarzhytski, S.; Palutke, S.; Mahatha, S. K.; Schirmel, N.; Redlin, H.; Manschwetus, B.; Hartl, I.; Matveyev, Yu.; Gloskovskii, A.; Schlueter, C.; Shokeen, V.; Duerr, H.; Allison, T. K.; Beye, M.; Rossnagel, K.; Elmers, H. J.; Medjanik, K.

doi:10.1063/5.0046567

Title: Suppression of the vacuum space-charge effect in fs-photoemission by a retarding electrostatic front lens

Journal Article · Thu May 06 00:00:00 EDT 2021 · Review of Scientific Instruments

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0046567· OSTI ID:1852081

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Johannes Gutenberg Univ., Mainz (Germany). Institut für Physik
Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Hamburg (Germany)
Univ. of Hamburg (Germany). Institut für Experimentalphysik
Stony Brook Univ., NY (United States). Depts. of Chemistry and Physics
Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Berlin (Germany)
Imperial College, London (United Kingdom). Dept. of Bioengineering
Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Hamburg (Germany). Ruprecht Haensel Lab.
Uppsala Univ. (Sweden). Dept. of Physics and Astronomy
Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Hamburg (Germany). Ruprecht Haensel Lab.; Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kiel (Germany). Institut für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik

The performance of time-resolved photoemission experiments at fs-pulsed photon sources is ultimately limited by the e–e Coulomb interaction, downgrading energy and momentum resolution. Here, we present an approach to effectively suppress space-charge artifacts in momentum microscopes and photoemission microscopes. A retarding electrostatic field generated by a special objective lens repels slow electrons, retaining the k-image of the fast photoelectrons. The suppression of space-charge effects scales with the ratio of the photoelectron velocities of fast and slow electrons. Fields in the range from -20 to 01100 V/mm for E_kin = 100 eV to 4 keV direct secondaries and pump-induced slow electrons back to the sample surface. Ray tracing simulations reveal that this happens within the first 40 to 3 μm above the sample surface for E_kin = 100 eV to 4 keV. An optimized front-lens design allows switching between the conventional accelerating and the new retarding mode. Time-resolved experiments at E_kin = 107 eV using fs extreme ultraviolet probe pulses from the free-electron laser FLASH reveal that the width of the Fermi edge increases by just 30 meV at an incident pump fluence of 22 mJ/cm2 (retarding field -21 V/mm). For an accelerating field of +2 kV/mm and a pump fluence of only 5 mJ/cm² , it increases by 0.5 eV (pump wavelength 1030 nm). At the given conditions, the suppression mode permits increasing the slow-electron yield by three to four orders of magnitude. The feasibility of the method at high energies is demonstrated without a pump beam at E_kin = 3830 eV using hard x rays from the storage ring PETRA III. The approach opens up a previously inaccessible regime of pump fluences for photoemission experiments.

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Research Organization:: State Univ. of New York (SUNY), Albany, NY (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC)

Grant/Contract Number:: SC0016017

OSTI ID:: 1852081

Journal Information:: Review of Scientific Instruments, Vol. 92, Issue 5; ISSN 0034-6748

Publisher:: American Institute of Physics (AIP)Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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47 OTHER INSTRUMENTATION
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Title: Suppression of the vacuum space-charge effect in fs-photoemission by a retarding electrostatic front lens

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