SN 2020bvc: A Broad-line Type Ic Supernova with a Double-peaked Optical Light Curve and a Luminous X-Ray and Radio Counterpart

Ho, Anna Q.; Kulkarni, S. R.; Perley, Daniel A.; Cenko, S. Bradley; Corsi, Alessandra; Schulze, Steve; Lunnan, Ragnhild; Sollerman, Jesper; Gal-Yam, Avishay; Anand, Shreya; Barbarino, Cristina; Bellm, Eric C.; Bruch, Rachel J.; Burns, Eric; De, Kishalay; Dekany, Richard; Delacroix, Alexandre; Duev, Dmitry A.; Frederiks, Dmitry D.; Fremling, Christoffer; Goldstein, Daniel A.; Golkhou, V. Zach; Graham, Matthew J.; Hale, David; Kasliwal, Mansi M.; Kupfer, Thomas; Laher, Russ R.; Martikainen, Julia; Masci, Frank J.; Neill, James D.; Ridnaia, Anna; Rusholme, Ben; Savchenko, Volodymyr; Shupe, David L.; Soumagnac, Maayane T.; Strotjohann, Nora L.; Svinkin, Dmitry S.; Taggart, Kirsty; Tartaglia, Leonardo; Yan, Lin; Zolkower, Jeffry

doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aba630

Title: SN 2020bvc: A Broad-line Type Ic Supernova with a Double-peaked Optical Light Curve and a Luminous X-Ray and Radio Counterpart

Journal Article · Wed Oct 14 00:00:00 EDT 2020 · The Astrophysical Journal

DOI:https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aba630· OSTI ID:1838332

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California Institute of Technology (CalTech), Pasadena, CA (United States)
Liverpool John Moores Univ. (United Kingdom)
NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Greenbelt, MD (United States); Univ. of Maryland, College Park, MD (United States)
Texas Tech Univ., Lubbock, TX (United States)
Weizmann Inst. of Science, Rehovot (Israel)
Stockholm University (Sweden)
Univ. of Washington, Seattle, WA (United States)
NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Greenbelt, MD (United States); Louisiana State Univ., Baton Rouge, LA (United States)
Ioffe Institute, St. Petersburg (Russia)
Univ. of California, Santa Barbara, CA (United States)
Univ. of Helsinki (Finland); Roque de Los Muchachos Observatory, Canarias (Spain)
Univ. of Geneva (Switzerland)
Weizmann Inst. of Science, Rehovot (Israel); Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)

Here, we present optical, radio, and X-ray observations of SN 2020bvc (=ASASSN20bs; ZTF20aalxlis), a nearby (z = 0.0252; d = 114 Mpc) broad-lined (BL) Type Ic supernova (SN) and the first double-peaked Ic-BL discovered without a gamma-ray burst (GRB) trigger. Our observations show that SN 2020bvc shares several properties in common with the Ic-BL SN 2006aj, which was associated with the low-luminosity gamma-ray burst (LLGRB) 060218. First, the 10 GHz radio luminosity (L_radio ≈ 10³⁷ erg s^-1) is brighter than ordinary core-collapse SNe but fainter than LLGRB-SNe such as SN 1998bw (associated with LLGRB 980425). We model our VLA observations (spanning 13–43 d) as synchrotron emission from a mildly relativistic (v ≳ 0.3c) forward shock. Second, with Swift and Chandra we detect X-ray emission (L_X ≈ 10⁴¹ erg s^-1 ) that is not naturally explained as inverse Compton emission or as part of the same synchrotron spectrum as the radio emission. Third, high-cadence (6×/night^-1) data from the Zwicky Transient Facility (ZTF) shows a double-peaked optical light curve, the first peak from shock-cooling of extended low-mass material (mass M_e < 10^-2 M_⊙ at radius R_e > 10¹² cm) and the second peak from the radioactive decay of ⁵⁶Ni. SN 2020bvc is the first double-peaked Ic-BL SN discovered without a GRB trigger, so it is noteworthy that it shows X-ray and radio emission similar to LLGRB-SNe. For four of the five other nearby (z . 0.05) Ic-BL SNe with ZTF high-cadence data, we rule out a first peak like that seen in SN 2006aj and SN 2020bvc, i.e. that lasts ≈ 1 d and reaches a peak luminosity M ≈ -18. X-ray and radio follow-up observations of Ic-BL SNe with well-sampled early optical light curves will establish whether double-peaked optical light curves are indeed predictive of LLGRB-like X-ray and radio emission.

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Research Organization:: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), High Energy Physics (HEP); European Research Council (ERC); Heising-Simons Foundation; National Science Foundation (NSF)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-05CH11231; 1545949; 725161; AST-1440341

OSTI ID:: 1838332

Journal Information:: The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 902, Issue 1; ISSN 0004-637X

Publisher:: IOP PublishingCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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