Three-dimensional Core-collapse Supernova Simulations with 160 Isotopic Species Evolved to Shock Breakout

Sandoval, Michael A.; Hix, W. Raphael; Messer, O. Bronson; Lentz, Eric J.; Harris, J. Austin

doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ac1d49

Title: Three-dimensional Core-collapse Supernova Simulations with 160 Isotopic Species Evolved to Shock Breakout

Journal Article · Mon Nov 08 00:00:00 EST 2021 · The Astrophysical Journal

DOI:https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ac1d49· OSTI ID:1831662

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Univ. of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN (United States); Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)
Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States); Univ. of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN (United States)
Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)

We present three-dimensional simulations of core-collapse supernovae using the FLASH code that follow the progression of the explosion to the stellar surface, starting from neutrino radiation hydrodynamic simulations of the neutrino-driven phase performed with the Chimera code. We consider a 9.6 M_⊙ zero-metallicity progenitor starting from both 2D and 3D Chimera models and a 10 M_⊙ solar-metallicity progenitor starting from a 2D Chimera model, all simulated until shock breakout in 3D while tracking 160 nuclear species. The relative velocity difference between the supernova shock and the metal-rich Rayleigh–Taylor (R-T) "bullets" determines how the metal-rich ejecta evolves as it propagates through the density profile of the progenitor and dictates the final morphology of the explosion. We find maximum ⁵⁶Ni velocities of ~1950 and ~1750 km s^-1 at shock breakout from 2D and 3D 9.6 M_⊙ Chimera models, respectively, due to the bullets' ability to penetrate the He/H shell. When mapping from 2D, we find that the development of higher-velocity structures is suppressed when the 2D Chimera model and 3D FLASH model meshes are aligned. The development of faster-growing spherical-bubble structures, as opposed to the slower-growing toroidal structure imposed by axisymmetry, allows for interaction of the bullets with the shock and seeds further R-T instabilities at the He/H interface. We see similar effects in the 10 M_⊙ model, which achieves maximum ⁵⁶Ni velocities of ~2500 km s^-1 at shock breakout.

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Research Organization:: Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Nuclear Physics (NP); National Science Foundation (NSF); USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC05-00OR22725; PHY-1516197; PHY-1913531

OSTI ID:: 1831662

Journal Information:: The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 921, Issue 2; ISSN 0004-637X

Publisher:: IOP PublishingCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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