Time-resolved turbulent dynamo in a laser plasma

Bott, Archie F. A.; Tzeferacos, Petros; Chen, Laura; Palmer, Charlotte A. J.; Rigby, Alexandra; Bell, Anthony R.; Bingham, Robert; Birkel, Andrew; Graziani, Carlo; Froula, Dustin H.; Katz, Joseph; Koenig, Michel; Kunz, Matthew W.; Li, Chikang; Meinecke, Jena; Miniati, Francesco; Petrasso, Richard; Park, Hye-Sook; Remington, Bruce A.; Reville, Brian; Ross, J. Steven; Ryu, Dongsu; Ryutov, Dmitri; Séguin, Fredrick H.; White, Thomas G.; Schekochihin, Alexander A.; Lamb, Donald Q.; Gregori, Gianluca

doi:10.1073/pnas.2015729118

Title: Time-resolved turbulent dynamo in a laser plasma

Journal Article · Tue Mar 16 00:00:00 EDT 2021 · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2015729118· OSTI ID:1771062

^[1]; Tzeferacos, Petros ^[2]; Chen, Laura ^[3]; Palmer, Charlotte A. J. ^[4]; Rigby, Alexandra ^[3]; Bell, Anthony R. ^[3];

^[5]; Birkel, Andrew ^[6]; Graziani, Carlo ^[7];

^[8]; Katz, Joseph ^[8]; Koenig, Michel ^[9]; Kunz, Matthew W. ^[10]; Li, Chikang ^[6]; Meinecke, Jena ^[3]; Miniati, Francesco ^[3]; Petrasso, Richard ^[6]; Park, Hye-Sook ^[11]; Remington, Bruce A. ^[11]; Reville, Brian ^[12] more »

Univ. of Oxford (United Kingdom); Princeton Univ., NJ (United States)
Univ. of Oxford (United Kingdom); Univ. of Chicago, IL (United States); Univ. of Rochester, NY (United States)
Univ. of Oxford (United Kingdom)
Univ. of Oxford (United Kingdom); Queen's Univ., Belfast, Northern Ireland (United Kingdom)
Rutherford Appleton Lab., Didcot (United Kingdom); Univ. of Strathclyde, Glasgow (United Kingdom)
Massachusetts Inst. of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA (United States)
Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States)
Univ. of Rochester, NY (United States)
Inst. Polytechnique de Paris, Palaiseau cedex (France) ; Osaka Univ. (Japan)
Princeton Univ., NJ (United States)
Lawrence Livermore National Lab. (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)
Max-Planck-Inst. für Kernphysik, Heidelberg (Germany)
Ulsan National Inst. of Science and Technology (Korea)
Univ. of Nevada, Reno, NV (United States)
Univ. of Chicago, IL (United States)
Univ. of Oxford (United Kingdom); Univ. of Chicago, IL (United States)

Understanding magnetic-field generation and amplification in turbulent plasma is essential to account for observations of magnetic fields in the universe. A theoretical framework attributing the origin and sustainment of these fields to the so-called fluctuation dynamo was recently validated by experiments on laser facilities in low-magnetic-Prandtl-number plasmas (Pm < 1). However, the same framework proposes that the fluctuation dynamo should operate differently when Pm ≳ 1, the regime relevant to many astrophysical environments such as the intracluster medium of galaxy clusters. This paper reports an experiment that creates a laboratory Pm ≳ 1 plasma dynamo. We provide a time-resolved characterization of the plasma’s evolution, measuring temperatures, densities, flow velocities, and magnetic fields, which allows us to explore various stages of the fluctuation dynamo’s operation on seed magnetic fields generated by the action of the Biermann-battery mechanism during the initial drive-laser target interaction. The magnetic energy in structures with characteristic scales close to the driving scale of the stochastic motions is found to increase by almost three orders of magnitude and saturate dynamically. It is shown that the initial growth of these fields occurs at a much greater rate than the turnover rate of the driving-scale stochastic motions. Here, our results point to the possibility that plasma turbulence produced by strong shear can generate fields more efficiently at the driving scale than anticipated by idealized magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) simulations of the nonhelical fluctuation dynamo; this finding could help explain the large-scale fields inferred from observations of astrophysical systems.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Cite

Export

Save

Research Organization:: Univ. of Rochester, NY (United States). Lab. for Laser Energetics; Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States); Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA); USDOE Office of Science (SC), Fusion Energy Sciences (FES); National Science Foundation (NSF); National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF)

Grant/Contract Number:: NA0003856; AC02-06CH11357; NA0002724; NA0003605; NA0003934; NA0003868; B591485; SC0016566; PHY-1619573; PHY-2033925; AST-1908551; 2016R1A5A1013277; 2017R1A2A1A05071429; AC52-07NA27344

OSTI ID:: 1771062

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1810570; OSTI ID: 1812561

Report Number(s):: LLNL-JRNL-824719; 2020-202, 1630, 2581; TRN: US2206880

Journal Information:: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, Vol. 118, Issue 11; ISSN 0027-8424

Publisher:: National Academy of SciencesCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

References (64)

Saturation mechanism of the fluctuation dynamo at $\Pr_{M} \geq 1$ Seta, Amit; Bushby, Paul J.; Shukurov, Anvar Physical Review Fluids, Vol. 5, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevFluids.5.043702	journal	April 2020
FLASH: An Adaptive Mesh Hydrodynamics Code for Modeling Astrophysical Thermonuclear Flashes Fryxell, B.; Olson, K.; Ricker, P. The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, Vol. 131, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1086/317361	journal	November 2000
Universal Nonlinear Small-Scale Dynamo Beresnyak, A. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 108, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.108.035002	journal	January 2012
Laboratory evidence of dynamo amplification of magnetic fields in a turbulent plasma Tzeferacos, P.; Rigby, A.; Bott, A. F. A. Nature Communications, Vol. 9, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-02953-2	journal	February 2018
Dynamics of Self-Generated, Large Amplitude Magnetic Fields Following High-Intensity Laser Matter Interaction Sarri, G.; Macchi, A.; Cecchetti, C. A. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 109, Issue 20 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.109.205002	journal	November 2012
Growth of Magnetic Fields Induced by Turbulent Motions Cho, Jungyeon; Vishniac, Ethan T.; Beresnyak, Andrey The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 693, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/693/2/1449	journal	March 2009
The spectrum of random magnetic fields in the mean field dynamo theory of the Galactic magnetic field Kulsrud, Russell M.; Anderson, Stephen W. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 396 https://doi.org/10.1086/171743	journal	September 1992
Origin of Magnetic Fields in Astrophysics (Turbulent "Dynamo" Mechanisms) Vaĭnshteĭn, S. I.; Zel'dovich, Ya B. Soviet Physics Uspekhi, Vol. 15, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1070/PU1972v015n02ABEH004960	journal	February 1972
Supersonic plasma turbulence in the laboratory White, T. G.; Oliver, M. T.; Mabey, P. Nature Communications, Vol. 10, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-09498-y	journal	April 2019
Dynamo theories Rincon, François Journal of Plasma Physics, Vol. 85, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022377819000539	journal	August 2019
Initial performance results of the OMEGA laser system Boehly, T. R.; Brown, D. L.; Craxton, R. S. Optics Communications, Vol. 133, Issue 1-6 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0030-4018(96)00325-2	journal	January 1997
Constraining Gas Motions in the Intra-Cluster Medium Simionescu, Aurora; ZuHone, John; Zhuravleva, Irina Space Science Reviews, Vol. 215, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11214-019-0590-1	journal	February 2019
A Critical Review of Galactic Dynamos Kulsrud, Russell M. Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Vol. 37, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.astro.37.1.37	journal	September 1999
Hydrodynamic description of an unmagnetized plasma with multiple ion species. II. Two and three ion species plasmas Simakov, Andrei N.; Molvig, Kim Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 23, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4943895	journal	March 2016
Fluctuation dynamo and turbulent induction at low magnetic Prandtl numbers Schekochihin, A. A.; Iskakov, A. B.; Cowley, S. C. New Journal of Physics, Vol. 9, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630/9/8/300	journal	August 2007
Resolved magnetic dynamo action in the simulated intracluster medium Vazza, F.; Brunetti, G.; Brüggen, M. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 474, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stx2830	journal	November 2017
Generation of scaled protogalactic seed magnetic fields in laser-produced shock waves Gregori, G.; Ravasio, A.; Murphy, C. D. Nature, Vol. 481, Issue 7382 https://doi.org/10.1038/nature10747	journal	January 2012
X-ray surface brightness and gas density fluctuations in the Coma cluster: X-ray surface brightness fluctuations in the Coma cluster Churazov, E.; Vikhlinin, A.; Zhuravleva, I. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 421, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2966.2011.20372.x	journal	January 2012
Turbulence, magnetic fields, and plasma physics in clusters of galaxies Schekochihin, A. A.; Cowley, S. C. Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 13, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2179053	journal	May 2006
Magnetic Fields in Galaxy Clusters and in the Large-Scale Structure of the Universe Vacca, Valentina; Murgia, Matteo; Govoni, Federica Galaxies, Vol. 6, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.3390/galaxies6040142	journal	December 2018
Turbulence and Magnetic Fields in the Large-Scale Structure of the Universe Ryu, D.; Kang, H.; Cho, J. Science, Vol. 320, Issue 5878 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1154923	journal	May 2008
Turbulent amplification of magnetic fields in laboratory laser-produced shock waves Meinecke, J.; Doyle, H. W.; Miniati, F. Nature Physics, Vol. 10, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1038/nphys2978	journal	June 2014
Turbulence Dynamo in the Stratified Medium of Galaxy Clusters Roh, Soonyoung; Ryu, Dongsu; Kang, Hyesung The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 883, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab3aff	journal	September 2019
Characteristic Lengths of Magnetic Field in Magnetohydrodynamic Turbulence Cho, Jungyeon; Ryu, Dongsu The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 705, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/705/1/L90	journal	October 2009
Simulations of nonhelical hydromagnetic turbulence Haugen, Nils Erland L.; Brandenburg, Axel; Dobler, Wolfgang Physical Review E, Vol. 70, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.70.016308	journal	July 2004
Electron transport in a collisional plasma with multiple ion species Simakov, Andrei N.; Molvig, Kim Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 21, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4867183	journal	February 2014
Evolving turbulence and magnetic fields in galaxy clusters Subramanian, K.; Shukurov, A.; Haugen, N. E. L. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 366, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2966.2006.09918.x	journal	March 2006
Numerical modeling of laser-driven experiments aiming to demonstrate magnetic field amplification via turbulent dynamo Tzeferacos, P.; Rigby, A.; Bott, A. Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 24, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4978628	journal	April 2017
Development and characterization of a pair of 30–40 ps x‐ray framing cameras Bradley, D. K.; Bell, P. M.; Landen, O. L. Review of Scientific Instruments, Vol. 66, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1146268	journal	January 1995
The generation and amplification of intergalactic magnetic fields in analogue laboratory experiments with high power lasers Gregori, G.; Reville, B.; Miniati, F. Physics Reports, Vol. 601 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physrep.2015.10.002	journal	November 2015
Kinematic dynamo problem in a linear velocity field Zel'Dovich, Ya. B.; Ruzmaikin, A. A.; Molchanov, S. A. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, Vol. 144 https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022112084001488	journal	July 1984
Developed turbulence and nonlinear amplification of magnetic fields in laboratory and astrophysical plasmas Meinecke, Jena; Tzeferacos, Petros; Bell, Anthony Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 112, Issue 27 https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1502079112	journal	June 2015
The geometry of optimal transportation Gangbo, Wilfrid; McCann, Robert J. Acta Mathematica, Vol. 177, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02392620	journal	January 1996
Numerical Demonstration of Fluctuation Dynamo at Low Magnetic Prandtl Numbers Iskakov, A. B.; Schekochihin, A. A.; Cowley, S. C. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 98, Issue 20 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.208501	journal	May 2007
Structure of homogeneous nonhelical magnetohydrodynamic turbulence Miller, R. S.; Mashayek, F.; Adumitroaie, V. Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 3, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.871599	journal	September 1996
Statistical properties of MHD turbulence and turbulent dynamo Kida, Shigeo; Yanase, Shinichiro; Mizushima, Jiro Physics of Fluids A: Fluid Dynamics, Vol. 3, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.858102	journal	March 1991
Proton imaging of stochastic magnetic fields Bott, A. F. A.; Graziani, C.; Tzeferacos, P. Journal of Plasma Physics, Vol. 83, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022377817000939	journal	December 2017
The Relation Between gas Density and Velocity Power Spectra in Galaxy Clusters: Qualitative Treatment and Cosmological Simulations Zhuravleva, I.; Churazov, E. M.; Schekochihin, A. A. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 788, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1088/2041-8205/788/1/L13	journal	May 2014
Simulations of the Small‐Scale Turbulent Dynamo Schekochihin, Alexander A.; Cowley, Steven C.; Taylor, Samuel F. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 612, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1086/422547	journal	September 2004
Visualizing electromagnetic fields in laser-produced counter-streaming plasma experiments for collisionless shock laboratory astrophysics Kugland, N. L.; Ross, J. S.; Chang, P. -Y. Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 20, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4804548	journal	May 2013
Similarity Criteria for the Laboratory Simulation of Supernova Hydrodynamics Ryutov, D.; Drake, R. P.; Kane, J. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 518, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1086/307293	journal	June 1999
Is Nonhelical Hydromagnetic Turbulence Peaked at Small Scales? Haugen, Nils Erland L.; Brandenburg, Axel; Dobler, Wolfgang The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 597, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1086/380189	journal	October 2003
Magnetic-field generation in laser fusion and hot-electron transport Haines, M. G. Canadian Journal of Physics, Vol. 64, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1139/p86-160	journal	August 1986
Magnetic-Field Generation in Kolmogorov Turbulence Boldyrev, Stanislav; Cattaneo, Fausto Physical Review Letters, Vol. 92, Issue 14 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.92.144501	journal	April 2004
Spectrometry of charged particles from inertial-confinement-fusion plasmas Séguin, F. H.; Frenje, J. A.; Li, C. K. Review of Scientific Instruments, Vol. 74, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1518141	journal	February 2003
FLASH MHD simulations of experiments that study shock-generated magnetic fields Tzeferacos, P.; Fatenejad, M.; Flocke, N. High Energy Density Physics, Vol. 17 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hedp.2014.11.003	journal	December 2015
The Protogalactic Origin for Cosmic Magnetic Fields Kulsrud, Russell M.; Cen, Renyue; Ostriker, Jeremiah P. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 480, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1086/303987	journal	May 1997
Invited Article: Relation between electric and magnetic field structures and their proton-beam images Kugland, N. L.; Ryutov, D. D.; Plechaty, C. Review of Scientific Instruments, Vol. 83, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4750234	journal	October 2012
High‐speed gated x‐ray imagers (invited) Kilkenny, J. D.; Bell, P.; Hanks, R. Review of Scientific Instruments, Vol. 59, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1140115	journal	August 1988
Laser light scattering in laboratory plasmas Evans, D. E.; Katzenstein, J. Reports on Progress in Physics, Vol. 32, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1088/0034-4885/32/1/305	journal	January 1969
Vorticity, Shocks, and Magnetic Fields in Subsonic, Icm-Like Turbulence Porter, David H.; Jones, T. W.; Ryu, Dongsu The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 810, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/810/2/93	journal	September 2015
The Generation of Magnetic Fields through Driven Turbulence Cho, Jungyeon; Vishniac, Ethan T. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 538, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1086/309127	journal	July 2000
Spontaneous Magnetic Fields in Laser-Produced Plasmas Stamper, J. A.; Papadopoulos, K.; Sudan, R. N. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 26, Issue 17 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.26.1012	journal	April 1971
Measuring $E$ and $B$ Fields in Laser-Produced Plasmas with Monoenergetic Proton Radiography Li, C. K.; Séguin, F. H.; Frenje, J. A. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 97, Issue 13 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.97.135003	journal	September 2006
Evolution of the Design and Fabrication of Astrophysics Targets for Turbulent Dynamo (TDYNO) Experiments on OMEGA Muller, S. A.; Kaczala, D. N.; Abu-Shawareb, H. M. Fusion Science and Technology, Vol. 73, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1080/15361055.2017.1396097	journal	December 2017
From Primordial Seed Magnetic Fields to the Galactic Dynamo Subramanian, Kandaswamy Galaxies, Vol. 7, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3390/galaxies7020047	journal	April 2019
Implementation of a Faraday rotation diagnostic at the OMEGA laser facility Rigby, A.; Katz, J.; Bott, A. F. A. High Power Laser Science and Engineering, Vol. 6 https://doi.org/10.1017/hpl.2018.42	journal	January 2018
Seed magnetic fields in turbulent small-scale dynamos Seta, Amit; Federrath, Christoph Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 499, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staa2978	journal	September 2020
The Turbulent Dynamo in Highly Compressible Supersonic Plasmas Federrath, Christoph; Schober, Jennifer; Bovino, Stefano The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 797, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1088/2041-8205/797/2/L19	journal	December 2014
Collaborative comparison of simulation codes for high-energy-density physics applications Fatenejad, M.; Fryxell, B.; Wohlbier, J. High Energy Density Physics, Vol. 9, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hedp.2012.10.004	journal	March 2013
Nonlocal stability analysis of the MHD Kelvin-Helmholtz instability in a compressible plasma Miura, Akira; Pritchett, P. L. Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 87, Issue A9 https://doi.org/10.1029/ja087ia09p07431	journal	January 1982
Collisional effects in the ion Weibel instability for two counter-propagating plasma streams Ryutov, D. D.; Fiuza, F.; Huntington, C. M. Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 21, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4867062	journal	March 2014
A Mexican Hat with holes: calculating low resolution power spectra from data with gaps Arevalo, P.; Churazov, E.; Zhuravleva, I. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1207.5825	text	January 2012
Constraining Gas Motions in the Intra-Cluster Medium Simionescu, A.; ZuHone, J.; Zhuravleva, I. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1902.00024	text	January 2019

Cited By (1)

MHD turbulence: a biased review Schekochihin, Alexander A. Journal of Plasma Physics, Vol. 88, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1017/s0022377822000721	journal	October 2022

Similar Records

Time-resolved turbulent dynamo in a laser plasma

Dataset · Wed Mar 16 00:00:00 EDT 2022 · OSTI ID:1771062

Bott, Archie F. A.; Tzeferacos, Petros; Chen, Laura; +25 more

Insensitivity of a turbulent laser-plasma dynamo to initial conditions

Journal Article · Mon Jun 27 00:00:00 EDT 2022 · Matter and Radiation at Extremes · OSTI ID:1771062

Bott, A. F. A.; Chen, L.; Tzeferacos, P.; +18 more

Inefficient Magnetic-Field Amplification in Supersonic Laser-Plasma Turbulence

Journal Article · Thu Oct 21 00:00:00 EDT 2021 · Physical Review Letters · OSTI ID:1771062

Bott, A. F. A.; Chen, L.; Boutoux, G.; +17 more

Related Subjects

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY
magnetic fields
fluctuation dynamo
laboratory astrophysics
Physics - Plasma physics

Title: Time-resolved turbulent dynamo in a laser plasma

Citation Formats

References (64)

Cited By (1)

Similar Records

Related Subjects