Indoor air quality in new and renovated low-income apartments with mechanical ventilation and natural gas cooking in California

Zhao, Haoran; Chan, Wanyu R.; Cohn, Sebastian; Delp, William W.; Walker, Iain S.; Singer, Brett C.

doi:10.1111/ina.12764

Title: Indoor air quality in new and renovated low-income apartments with mechanical ventilation and natural gas cooking in California

Journal Article · Sun Oct 18 00:00:00 EDT 2020 · Indoor Air

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1111/ina.12764· OSTI ID:1695765

Zhao, Haoran ^[1];

^[1]; Cohn, Sebastian ^[2]; Delp, William W. ^[1];

^[1];

^[1]

Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)
Association for Energy Affordability, Emeryville, CA (United States)

This work presents pollutant concentrations and performance data for code-required mechanical ventilation equipment in 23 low-income apartments at 4 properties constructed or renovated 2013-2017. All apartments had natural gas cooking burners. Occupants pledged to not use windows for ventilation during the study but several did. Measured airflows of range hoods and bathroom exhaust fans were lower than product specifications. Only eight apartments operationally met all ventilation code requirements. Pollutants measured over one week in each apartment included time-resolved fine particulate matter (PM_2.5), nitrogen dioxide (NO₂), formaldehyde and carbon dioxide (CO₂) and time-integrated formaldehyde, NO₂ and nitrogen oxides (NO_X). Compared to a recent study of California houses with code-compliant ventilation, apartments were smaller, had fewer occupants, higher densities, and higher mechanical ventilation rates. Mean PM_2.5, formaldehyde, NO₂, and CO₂ were 7.7 µg/m³, 14.1 ppb, 18.8 ppb, and 741 ppm in apartments; these are 4% lower, 25% lower, 165% higher, and 18% higher compared to houses with similar cooking frequency. Four apartments had weekly PM_2.5 above the California annual outdoor standard of 12 µg/m³ and also discrete days above the World Health Organization 24-h guideline of 25 µg/m³. Two apartments had weekly NO₂ above the California annual outdoor standard of 30 ppb.

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Research Organization:: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), Energy Efficiency Office. Building Technologies Office

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-05CH11231; PIR-16-012

OSTI ID:: 1695765

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1805090

Journal Information:: Indoor Air, Vol. 31, Issue 3; ISSN 0905-6947

Publisher:: WileyCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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