Microbial ecology and biogeochemistry of hypersaline sediments in Orca Basin

Nigro, Lisa M.; Elling, Felix J.; Hinrichs, Kai-Uwe; Joye, Samantha B.; Teske, Andreas

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0231676

Title: Microbial ecology and biogeochemistry of hypersaline sediments in Orca Basin

Journal Article · Tue Apr 21 00:00:00 EDT 2020 · PLoS ONE

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0231676· OSTI ID:1629786

^[1];

^[2]; Hinrichs, Kai-Uwe ^[2]; Joye, Samantha B. ^[3]; Teske, Andreas ^[1]

Univ. of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (United States). Dept. of Marine Science
Univ. of Bremen (Germany). Center for Marine Environmental Sciences (MARUM)
Univ. of Georgia, Athens, GA (United States). Dept. of Marine Sciences

In deep ocean hypersaline basins, the combination of high salinity, unusual ionic composition and anoxic conditions represents significant challenges for microbial life. We used geochemical porewater characterization and DNA sequencing based taxonomic surveys to enable environmental and microbial characterization of anoxic hypersaline sediments and brines in the Orca Basin, the largest brine basin in the Gulf of Mexico. Full-length bacterial 16S rRNA gene clone libraries from hypersaline sediments and the overlying brine were dominated by the uncultured halophilic KB1 lineage, Deltaproteobacteria related to cultured sulfate-reducing halophilic genera, and specific lineages of heterotrophic Bacteroidetes. Archaeal clones were dominated by members of the halophilic methanogen genus Methanohalophilus, and the ammonia-oxidizing Marine Group I (MG-I) within the Thaumarchaeota. Illumina sequencing revealed higher phylum- and subphylum-level complexity, especially in lower-salinity sediments from the Orca Basin slope. Illumina and clone library surveys consistently detected MG-I Thaumarchaeota and halotolerant Deltaproteobacteria in the hypersaline anoxic sediments, but relative abundances of the KB1 lineage differed between the two sequencing methods. The stable isotopic composition of dissolved inorganic carbon and methane in porewater, and sulfate concentrations decreasing downcore indicated methanogenesis and sulfate reduction in the anoxic sediments. While anaerobic microbial processes likely occur at low rates near their maximal salinity thresholds in Orca Basin, long-term accumulation of reaction products leads to high methane concentrations and reducing conditions within the Orca Basin brine and sediments.

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Research Organization:: Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Biological and Environmental Research (BER). Earth and Environmental Systems Science Division

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-05CH11231

OSTI ID:: 1629786

Journal Information:: PLoS ONE, Vol. 15, Issue 4; ISSN 1932-6203

Publisher:: Public Library of ScienceCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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