Nuclear level density, thermalization, chaos, and collectivity

Zelevinsky, Vladimir; Horoi, Mihai

doi:10.1016/j.ppnp.2018.12.001

Title: Nuclear level density, thermalization, chaos, and collectivity

Journal Article · Mon Dec 10 00:00:00 EST 2018 · Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ppnp.2018.12.001· OSTI ID:1609275

Zelevinsky, Vladimir ^[1]; Horoi, Mihai ^[2]

Michigan State Univ., East Lansing, MI (United States)
Central Michigan Univ., Mount Pleasant, MI (United States)

The knowledge of the level density is necessary for understanding nuclear reactions involving excited nuclear states. In particular, it is an important element in description of astrophysical processes and in technological applications. This review article explains main ideas of physics forming the level density in complex nuclei that grows very fast due to combinatorial complexity of total excitation energy shared by many constituents. This can be translated into a language of statistical physics by the Darwin–Fowler method. We briefly go through the historical development from the nuclear Fermi-gas model to the self-consistent mean field including the pairing effects. At the next step we introduce the ideas of thermalization in a closed mesoscopic system and quantum chaos with very complicated eigenfunctions. This is supported by the experience of the shell model in a limited orbital space that either provides an exact solution or uses the Monte Carlo approach. The statistical method of moments allows one to avoid the exact diagonalization keeping intact the quality of the results. We discuss the popular “constant temperature model” that describes well available data and the shell-model results; it is shown that its success cannot be explained by the phase transition from superfluid to a normal phase. The interpretation is suggested, supported by the numerical studies, in terms of dynamical chaotization including the collective enhancement of the level density. The role of incoherent collision-like interactions is stressed as a necessary element of the thermalization process.

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Research Organization:: Central Michigan Univ., Mount Pleasant, MI (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Nuclear Physics (NP)

Grant/Contract Number:: FC02-09ER41584; SC0008529

OSTI ID:: 1609275

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1636774

Journal Information:: Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics, Vol. 105; ISSN 0146-6410

Publisher:: ElsevierCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Cited by: 13 works

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