Large loss of CO2 in winter observed across the northern permafrost region
- Woods Hole Research Center, Falmouth, MA (United States)
- Univ. of Bayreuth (Germany)
- Univ. of Alaska, Anchorage, AK (United States). Environment and Natural Resources Inst.
- Brigham Young Univ., Provo, UT (United States). Dept. of Plant and Wildlife Sciences
- San Diego State Univ., CA (United States). Dept. of Biology
- Univ. of Gothenburg (Sweden). Dept. of Earth Sciences
- California Inst. of Technology (CalTech), Pasadena, CA (United States). Jet Propulsion Lab.
- Northern Arizona Univ., Flagstaff, AZ (United States). Center for Ecosystem Science and Society
- Aarhus Univ. (Denmark). Arctic Research Centre, Dept. of Bioscience
- Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, Bergen (Norway). NORCE Norwegian Research Centre
- Columbia Univ., Palisades, NY (United States). Dept. of Earth and Environmental Sciences of Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory
- Arctic Univ. of Norway, Tromsø (Norway). Dept. of Arctic and Marine Biology, Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries, and Economics
- Stockholm Univ. (Sweden). Dept. of Geological Sciences, and Bolin Centre for Climate Research
- Univ. of California, Irvine, CA (United States). Earth System Science
- Pacific Geographical Inst., Cherskii (Russia). Northeast Science Station
- Univ. of Montana, Missoula, MT (United States). W.A. Franke College of Forestry & Conservation, Numerical Terradynamic Simulation Group
- Dalhousie Univ., Halifax, NS (Canada). Dept. of Earth Sciences
- Univ. of Copenhagen (Denmark). Center for Permafrost, Dept. of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management
- Univ. of Alaska, Fairbanks, AK (United States). Inst. of Arctic Biology
- Univ. of Copenhagen (Denmark). Dept. of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management
- Max Planck Inst. for Biogeochemistry, Jena (Germany)
- San Diego State Univ., CA (United States). Dept. of Biology; Univ. of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA (United States). Scripps Inst. of Oceanography
- Queen's Univ., Kingston, ON (Canada). Dept. of Biology
- McMaster Univ., Hamilton, ON (Canada). School of Geography and Earth Sciences; Univ. of Montreal, Montreal, QC (Canada). Dept. of Geography & Center for Northern Studies
- Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)
- Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States). Environmental Science Division
- Univ. of Alaska, Fairbanks, AK (United States). International Arctic Research Center
- Univ. of Hamburg (Germany). Inst. of Soil Science
- Univ. of Illinois, Urbana, IL (United States). Dept. of Plant Biology
- Korea Polar Research Inst., Incheon (South Korea)
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shenyang (China). Inst. of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Lab. of Forest Ecology and Management
- Colgate Univ., Hamilton, NY (United States). Dept. of Geography
- National Univ. of Singapore, Singapore (Singapore). Dept. of Geography
- Stanford Univ., CA (United States). Dept. of Earth System Science
- USGS Western Region, Menlo Park, CA (United States). Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center
- Univ. of Copenhagen (Denmark). Dept. of Biology
- San Diego State Univ., CA (United States). Dept. of Biology; Univ. of Exeter (United Kingdom)
- Univ. of Alberta, Edmonton, AB (Canada). Dept. of Renewable Resources
- Univ. of Oslo (Norway). Dept. of Geosciences; Lund Univ. (Sweden). Dept. of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Greenbelt, MD (United States). Biospheric Sciences Lab.
- Wilfrid Laurier Univ., Waterloo, ON (Canada)
- Univ. of Waterloo, ON (Canada). Water Inst. and Dept. of Earth & Environmental Sciences, Ecohydrology Research Group
- St. Francis Xavier Univ., Antigonish, NS (Canada)
- GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Potsdam (Germany)
- Univ. of Colorado, Boulder, CO (United States). Cooperative Inst. for Research in Environmental Science, National Snow and Ice Data Center
- Univ. of Vienna (Austria). Dept. of Botany and Biodiversity Research
- Marine Biological Lab., Woods Hole, MA (United States). The Ecosystems Center
- Univ. of Montreal, Montreal, QC (Canada). Dept. of Geography & Center for Northern Studies
- Univ. of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL (United States). Dept. of Biological Sciences
- Univ. of Eastern Finland, Kuopio (Finland). Dept. of Environmental and Biological Science
- Univ. of Alaska, Anchorage, AK (United States). Dept. of Biological Sciences; Univ. of Oulu, Rovaniemi (Finland). Ecology and Genetics Research Unit
- Univ. of Maryland, College Park, MD (United States). Dept. of Geographical Sciences
- Purdue Univ., West Lafayette, IN (United States). Dept. of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences
- San Diego State Univ., CA (United States). Dept. of Biology; Univ. of Sheffield (United Kingdom)
Recent warming in the Arctic, which has been amplified during the winter, greatly enhances microbial decomposition of soil organic matter and subsequent release of carbon dioxide (CO2)4. However, the amount of CO2 released in winter is not known and has not been well represented by ecosystem models or empirically based estimates. In this paper, we synthesize regional in situ observations of CO2 flux from Arctic and boreal soils to assess current and future winter carbon losses from the northern permafrost domain. We estimate a contemporary loss of 1,662 TgC per year from the permafrost region during the winter season (October–April). This loss is greater than the average growing season carbon uptake for this region estimated from process models (-1,032 TgC per year). Extending model predictions to warmer conditions up to 2100 indicates that winter CO2 emissions will increase 17% under a moderate mitigation scenario—Representative Concentration Pathway 4.5—and 41% under business-as-usual emissions scenario—Representative Concentration Pathway 8.5. Finally, our results provide a baseline for winter CO2 emissions from northern terrestrial regions and indicate that enhanced soil CO2 loss due to winter warming may offset growing season carbon uptake under future climatic conditions.
- Research Organization:
- Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States)
- Sponsoring Organization:
- USDOE Office of Science (SC), Biological and Environmental Research (BER) (SC-23). Terrestrial Ecosystem Science
- Grant/Contract Number:
- AC02-06CH11357
- OSTI ID:
- 1573251
- Journal Information:
- Nature Climate Change, Vol. 9, Issue 11; ISSN 1758-678X
- Publisher:
- Nature Publishing GroupCopyright Statement
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
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Arctic loses carbon as winters wane
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