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Title: Edwards statistical mechanics for jammed granular matter

Journal Article · · Reviews of Modern Physics
 [1];  [2];  [3];  [2]
  1. Queen Mary Univ. of London (United Kingdom). School of Mathematical Sciences
  2. City College of New York, NY (United States). Levich Inst. Physics Dept.
  3. ETH Zürich (Switzerland). Computational Physics for Engineering Materials. Inst. for Building Materials

In 1989, Sir Sam Edwards made the visionary proposition to treat jammed granular materials using a volume ensemble of equiprobable jammed states in analogy to thermal equilibrium statistical mechanics, despite their inherent athermal features. Since then, the statistical mechanics approach for jammed matter—one of the very few generalizations of Gibbs-Boltzmann statistical mechanics to out-of-equilibrium matter—has garnered an extraordinary amount of attention by both theorists and experimentalists. Its importance stems from the fact that jammed states of matter are ubiquitous in nature appearing in a broad range of granular and soft materials such as colloids, emulsions, glasses, and biomatter. Indeed, despite being one of the simplest states of matter—primarily governed by the steric interactions between the constitutive particles—a theoretical understanding based on first principles has proved exceedingly challenging. Here a systematic approach to jammed matter based on the Edwards statistical mechanical ensemble is reviewed. The construction of microcanonical and canonical ensembles based on the volume function, which replaces the Hamiltonian in jammed systems, is discussed. The importance of approximation schemes at various levels is emphasized leading to quantitative predictions for ensemble averaged quantities such as packing fractions and contact force distributions. An overview of the phenomenology of jammed states and experiments, simulations, and theoretical models scrutinizing the strong assumptions underlying Edwards approach is given including recent results suggesting the validity of Edwards ergodic hypothesis for jammed states. A theoretical framework for packings whose constitutive particles range from spherical to nonspherical shapes such as dimers, polymers, ellipsoids, spherocylinders or tetrahedra, hard and soft, frictional, frictionless and adhesive, monodisperse, and polydisperse particles in any dimensions is discussed providing insight into a unifying phase diagram for all jammed matter. Furthermore, the connection between the Edwards ensemble of metastable jammed states and metastability in spin glasses is established. This highlights the fact that the packing problem can be understood as a constraint satisfaction problem for excluded volume and force and torque balance leading to a unifying framework between the Edwards ensemble of equiprobable jammed states and out-of-equilibrium spin glasses.

Research Organization:
City College of New York, NY (United States)
Sponsoring Organization:
USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES)
Grant/Contract Number:
FG02-03ER15458
OSTI ID:
1541410
Alternate ID(s):
OSTI ID: 1424822
Journal Information:
Reviews of Modern Physics, Vol. 90, Issue 1; ISSN 0034-6861
Publisher:
American Physical Society (APS)Copyright Statement
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Citation Metrics:
Cited by: 106 works
Citation information provided by
Web of Science

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Tapping Spin Glasses and Ferromagnets on Random Graphs journal June 2001
Gelation of particles with short-range attraction journal May 2008
Geometric origin of excess low-frequency vibrational modes in weakly connected amorphous solids journal November 2005
Dynamic particle tracking reveals the ageing temperature of a colloidal glass journal July 2006
Force measurements on static granular materials journal November 1999
Stress fluctuations in granular force networks journal April 2011
The Jamming Transition and the Marginally Jammed Solid journal August 2010
Organizing principles for dense packings of nonspherical hard particles: Not all shapes are created equal journal July 2012
Variations around disordered close packing journal June 2005
Disordered jammed packings of frictionless spheres journal January 2010
Random Close Packing of Granular Matter journal March 2008
Unexpected Density Fluctuations in Jammed Disordered Sphere Packings journal August 2005
Jamming of polydisperse hard spheres: The effect of kinetic arrest journal February 2010
Breakdown of continuum elasticity in amorphous solids journal January 2014
Celebrating Soft Matter 's 10th anniversary: Testing the foundations of classical entropy: colloid experiments journal January 2015
Local origins of volume fraction fluctuations in dense granular materials journal April 2011
Effect of aspect ratio on the development of order in vibrated granular rods journal November 2013
Combining tomographic imaging and DEM simulations to investigate the structure of experimental sphere packings text January 2010
The Physics of Protoplanetesimal Dust Agglomerates. I. Mechanical Properties and Relations to Primitive Bodies in the Solar System journal December 2006
Mode-Coupling Theory as a Mean-Field Description of the Glass Transition text January 2010
Jamming Threshold of Dry Fine Powders journal June 2004
Force Fluctuations in Bead Packs journal July 1995
Set Voronoi diagrams of 3D assemblies of aspherical particles journal September 2013
Metastable states in spin glasses journal July 1980
Statistical ensemble approach to stress transmission in granular packings journal January 2010
Edwards measure and the steady-state regime of a model with kinetic constraints under tapping journal October 2002
3D bulk measurements of the force distribution in a compressed emulsion system journal October 2002
The jamming transition of Granular Media text January 2000
Random Loose Packing in Granular Matter journal March 2009

Cited By (12)

Random loose packing of small particles with liquid cohesion journal November 2018
A fast adhesive discrete element method for random packings of fine particles journal January 2019
Nonequilibrium phase transition in constrained adsorption journal September 2019
Directional shear-jamming preprint January 2021
Self-assembly of granular spheres under one-dimensional vibration journal January 2018
Bimodal self-assembly of granular spheres under vertical vibration journal January 2019
Isomorph theory beyond thermal equilibrium journal October 2020
Stress anisotropy in shear-jammed packings of frictionless disks journal October 2018
Manifestation of dipole-induced disorder in self-assembly of ferroelectric and ferromagnetic nanocubes journal January 2019
Finite-size effects in the microscopic critical properties of jammed configurations: A comprehensive study of the effects of different types of disorder journal July 2021
Phases of Granular Matter journal September 2018
Random sequential adsorption of cuboids journal November 2018

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