Formation of globular cluster candidates in merging proto-galaxies at high redshift: a view from the FIRE cosmological simulations

Kim, Ji-hoon; Ma, Xiangcheng; Grudić, Michael Y.; Hopkins, Philip F.; Hayward, Christopher C.; Wetzel, Andrew; Faucher-Giguère, Claude-André; Kereš, Dušan; Garrison-Kimmel, Shea; Murray, Norman

doi:10.1093/mnras/stx2994

Title: Formation of globular cluster candidates in merging proto-galaxies at high redshift: a view from the FIRE cosmological simulations

Journal Article · Thu Nov 23 00:00:00 EST 2017 · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stx2994· OSTI ID:1423127

^[1];

^[2]; Grudić, Michael Y. ^[2];

^[2];

^[3];

^[4]; Faucher-Giguère, Claude-André ^[5]; Kereš, Dušan ^[6];

^[2]; Murray, Norman ^[7]

SLAC National Accelerator Lab., Menlo Park, CA (United States). Kavli Inst. for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology; Stanford Univ., CA (United States). Dept. of Physics; California Inst. of Technology (CalTech), Pasadena, CA (United States). TAPIR, Dept. of Astronomy
California Inst. of Technology (CalTech), Pasadena, CA (United States). TAPIR, Dept. of Astronomy
Center for Computational Astrophysics, New York, NY (United States). Flatiron Inst.; Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, MA (United States)
California Inst. of Technology (CalTech), Pasadena, CA (United States). TAPIR, Dept. of Astronomy; Carnegie Observatories, Pasadena, CA (United States); Univ. of California, Davis, CA (United States). Dept. of Physics
Northwestern Univ., Evanston, IL (United States). Center for Interdisciplinary Exploration and Research in Astrophysics (CIERA), Dept. of Physics and Astronomy
Univ. of California, San Diego, CA (United States). Center for Astrophysics and Space Sciences, Dept. of Physics
Univ. of Toronto, ON (Canada). Canadian Inst. for Theoretical Astrophysics

Using a state-of-the-art cosmological simulation of merging proto-galaxies at high redshift from the FIRE project, with explicit treatments of star formation and stellar feedback in the interstellar medium, we investigate the formation of star clusters and examine one of the formation hypotheses of present-day metal-poor globular clusters. Here, we find that frequent mergers in high-redshift proto-galaxies could provide a fertile environment to produce long-lasting bound star clusters. The violent merger event disturbs the gravitational potential and pushes a large gas mass of ≳ 10^5–6 M_⊙ collectively to high density, at which point it rapidly turns into stars before stellar feedback can stop star formation. The high dynamic range of the reported simulation is critical in realizing such dense star-forming clouds with a small dynamical time-scale, tff ≲ 3 Myr, shorter than most stellar feedback time-scales. Our simulation then allows us to trace how clusters could become virialized and tightly bound to survive for up to ~420 Myr till the end of the simulation. Finally, because the cluster's tightly bound core was formed in one short burst, and the nearby older stars originally grouped with the cluster tend to be preferentially removed, at the end of the simulation the cluster has a small age spread.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Cite

Export

Save

Research Organization:: SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory (SLAC), Menlo Park, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE; National Science Foundation (NSF); National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA); Alfred P. Sloan Foundation; Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-76SF00515; PF4-150147; NAS8-03060; AST-1411920; AST-1517491; AST-1412836; 1455342; NNX14AH35G; HSTGO-14734; NNX15AB22G; HST-AR-14293.001-A; HST-GO-14268.022-A; PF5-160136

OSTI ID:: 1423127

Journal Information:: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 474, Issue 3; ISSN 0035-8711

Publisher:: Royal Astronomical SocietyCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Citation Metrics:

Cited by: 67 works

Citation information provided by
Web of Science

References (87)

Constraining globular cluster formation through studies of young massive clusters - II. A single stellar population young massive cluster in NGC 34 Cabrera-Ziri, I.; Bastian, N.; Davies, B. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 441, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stu764	journal	May 2014
Neutral hydrogen in galaxy haloes at the peak of the cosmic star formation history Faucher-Giguère, Claude-André; Hopkins, Philip F.; Kereš, Dušan Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 449, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stv336	journal	March 2015
High-resolution simulations of galaxy mergers: resolving globular cluster formation Bournaud, F.; Duc, P. -A.; Emsellem, E. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters, Vol. 389, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-3933.2008.00511.x	journal	September 2008
A Physical Model for the Origin of Quasar Lifetimes Hopkins, Philip F.; Hernquist, Lars; Martini, Paul The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 625, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1086/431146	journal	May 2005
The difficulty of getting high escape fractions of ionizing photons from high-redshift galaxies: a view from the FIRE cosmological simulations Ma, Xiangcheng; Kasen, Daniel; Hopkins, Philip F. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 453, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stv1679	journal	August 2015
Iron and s-elements abundance variations in NGC 5286: comparison with ‘anomalous' globular clusters and Milky Way satellites Marino, A. F.; Milone, A. P.; Karakas, A. I. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 450, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stv420	journal	April 2015
M22: AN [Fe/H] ABUNDANCE RANGE REVEALED Da Costa, G. S.; Held, E. V.; Saviane, I. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 705, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/705/2/1481	journal	October 2009
Gusty, gaseous flows of FIRE: galactic winds in cosmological simulations with explicit stellar feedback Muratov, Alexander L.; Kereš, Dušan; Faucher-Giguère, Claude-André Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 454, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stv2126	journal	October 2015
The meaning and consequences of star formation criteria in galaxy models with resolved stellar feedback Hopkins, Philip F.; Narayanan, Desika; Murray, Norman Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 432, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stt723	journal	May 2013
Stellar Feedback in Molecular Clouds and its Influence on the mass Function of Young star Clusters Fall, S. Michael; Krumholz, Mark R.; Matzner, Christopher D. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 710, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1088/2041-8205/710/2/L142	journal	February 2010
A Comparison of Methods for Determining the Molecular Content of Model Galaxies Krumholz, Mark R.; Gnedin, Nickolay Y. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 729, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/729/1/36	journal	February 2011
Feedback first: the surprisingly weak effects of magnetic fields, viscosity, conduction and metal diffusion on sub-L* galaxy formation Su, Kung-Yi; Hopkins, Philip F.; Hayward, Christopher C. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 471, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stx1463	journal	June 2017
On the fraction of star formation occurring in bound stellar clusters: The fraction of star formation in bound clusters Kruijssen, J. M. Diederik Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 426, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2966.2012.21923.x	journal	October 2012
The spatial distribution of star formation in the solar neighbourhood: do all stars form in dense clusters?: The spatial distribution of star formation Bressert, E.; Bastian, N.; Gutermuth, R. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters, Vol. 409, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-3933.2010.00946.x	journal	September 2010
THE AGORA HIGH-RESOLUTION GALAXY SIMULATIONS COMPARISON PROJECT. II. ISOLATED DISK TEST Kim, Ji-hoon; Agertz, Oscar; Teyssier, Romain The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 833, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/833/2/202	journal	December 2016
Modelling the formation and evolution of star cluster populations in galaxy simulations: Star cluster populations in galaxy simulations Kruijssen, J. M. Diederik; Pelupessy, F. Inti; Lamers, Henny J. G. L. M. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 414, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2966.2011.18467.x	journal	March 2011
Origin of the Globular Star Clusters Peebles, P. J. E.; Dicke, R. H. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 154 https://doi.org/10.1086/149811	journal	November 1968
A parsec-resolution simulation of the Antennae galaxies: formation of star clusters during the merger Renaud, Florent; Bournaud, Frédéric; Duc, Pierre-Alain Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 446, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stu2208	journal	November 2014
Starburst99: Synthesis Models for Galaxies with Active Star Formation Leitherer, Claus; Schaerer, Daniel; Goldader, Jeffrey D. The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, Vol. 123, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1086/313233	journal	July 1999
A Common Origin for Globular Clusters and Ultra-Faint Dwarfs in Simulations of the First Galaxies Ricotti, Massimo; Parry, Owen H.; Gnedin, Nickolay Y. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 831, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/0004-637X/831/2/204	journal	November 2016
yt: A MULTI-CODE ANALYSIS TOOLKIT FOR ASTROPHYSICAL SIMULATION DATA Turk, Matthew J.; Smith, Britton D.; Oishi, Jeffrey S. The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, Vol. 192, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1088/0067-0049/192/1/9	journal	December 2010
The structure of the interstellar medium of star-forming galaxies: Stellar feedback and the ISM Hopkins, Philip F.; Quataert, Eliot; Murray, Norman Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 421, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2966.2012.20578.x	journal	March 2012
Young Massive Star Clusters Portegies Zwart, Simon F.; McMillan, Stephen L. W.; Gieles, Mark Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Vol. 48, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-astro-081309-130834	journal	August 2010
A new class of accurate, mesh-free hydrodynamic simulation methods Hopkins, Philip F. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 450, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stv195	journal	April 2015
A theory for the origin of globular clusters Fall, S. M.; Rees, M. J. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 298 https://doi.org/10.1086/163585	journal	November 1985
Formation versus destruction: the evolution of the star cluster population in galaxy mergers: The star cluster population in galaxy mergers Kruijssen, J. M. Diederik; Pelupessy, F. Inti; Lamers, Henny J. G. L. M. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 421, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2966.2012.20322.x	journal	March 2012
Abundance Variations within Globular Clusters Gratton, Raffaele; Sneden, Christopher; Carretta, Eugenio Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Vol. 42, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.astro.42.053102.133945	journal	September 2004
The origin and evolution of the galaxy mass–metallicity relation Ma, Xiangcheng; Hopkins, Philip F.; Faucher-Giguère, Claude-André Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 456, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stv2659	journal	December 2015
The structure and environment of young stellar clusters in spiral galaxies Larsen, S. S. Astronomy & Astrophysics, Vol. 416, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361:20034533	journal	February 2004
The Formation and Evolution of Star Clusters in Interacting Galaxies Maji, Moupiya; Zhu, Qirong; Li, Yuexing The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 844, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aa7aa1	journal	July 2017
The mass function of young star clusters in spiral galaxies Larsen, S. S. Astronomy & Astrophysics, Vol. 494, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361:200811212	journal	December 2008
Sizes and shapes of young star cluster light profiles in M83 Ryon, J. E.; Bastian, N.; Adamo, A. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 452, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stv1282	journal	July 2015
The Initial Mass Function of Stars: Evidence for Uniformity in Variable Systems Kroupa, P. Science, Vol. 295, Issue 5552 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1067524	journal	January 2002
Hubble Space Telescope Observations of Candidate Young Globular Clusters and Stellar Associations in the Recent Merger Remnant NGC 3921 Schweizer, Francois; Miller, Bryan W.; Whitmore, Bradley C. The Astronomical Journal, Vol. 112 https://doi.org/10.1086/118146	journal	November 1996
Hubble space telescope observations of young star clusters in NGC-4038/4039, 'the antennae' galaxies Whitmore, Bradley C.; Schweizer, Francois The Astronomical Journal, Vol. 109 https://doi.org/10.1086/117334	journal	March 1995
Globular Clusters in Galaxies Harris, William E.; Racine, René Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Vol. 17, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.aa.17.090179.001325	journal	September 1979
Formation of Globular Clusters in Atomic-Cooling Halos via Rapid gas Condensation and Fragmentation During the Epoch of Reionization Kimm, Taysun; Cen, Renyue; Rosdahl, Joakim The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 823, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/0004-637X/823/1/52	journal	May 2016
A NEW CALCULATION OF THE IONIZING BACKGROUND SPECTRUM AND THE EFFECTS OF He II REIONIZATION Faucher-Giguère, Claude-André; Lidz, Adam; Zaldarriaga, Matias The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 703, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/703/2/1416	journal	September 2009
The Rockstar Phase-Space Temporal halo Finder and the Velocity Offsets of Cluster Cores Behroozi, Peter S.; Wechsler, Risa H.; Wu, Hao-Yi The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 762, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/762/2/109	journal	December 2012
Globular cluster formation in the context of galaxy formation and evolution Diederik Kruijssen, J. M. Classical and Quantum Gravity, Vol. 31, Issue 24 https://doi.org/10.1088/0264-9381/31/24/244006	journal	December 2014
A general class of Lagrangian smoothed particle hydrodynamics methods and implications for fluid mixing problems Hopkins, Philip F. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 428, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/sts210	journal	November 2012
A stellar feedback origin for neutral hydrogen in high-redshift quasar-mass haloes Faucher-Giguère, Claude-André; Feldmann, Robert; Quataert, Eliot Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters, Vol. 461, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnrasl/slw091	journal	May 2016
Star Cluster Formation in Cosmological Simulations. i. Properties of Young Clusters Li, Hui; Gnedin, Oleg Y.; Gnedin, Nickolay Y. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 834, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/834/1/69	journal	January 2017
Extragalactic Globular Clusters and Galaxy Formation Brodie, Jean P.; Strader, Jay Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Vol. 44, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.astro.44.051905.092441	journal	September 2006
Galaxy Mergers with Adaptive mesh Refinement: star Formation and hot gas Outflow Kim, Ji-hoon; Wise, John H.; Abel, Tom The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 694, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/694/2/L123	journal	March 2009
Globular clusters as the relics of regular star formation in ‘normal’ high-redshift galaxies Kruijssen, J. M. Diederik Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 454, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stv2026	journal	October 2015
The origin of the Milky Way globular clusters Renaud, Florent; Agertz, Oscar; Gieles, Mark Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 465, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stw2969	journal	November 2016
Detailed chemical abundances in NGC 5824: another metal-poor globular cluster with internal heavy element abundance variations Roederer, Ian U.; Mateo, Mario; Bailey, John I. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 455, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stv2462	journal	November 2015
Self-regulated star formation in galaxies via momentum input from massive stars: Self-regulated star formation in galaxies Hopkins, Philip F.; Quataert, Eliot; Murray, Norman Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 417, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2966.2011.19306.x	journal	September 2011
Galaxies on FIRE (Feedback In Realistic Environments): stellar feedback explains cosmologically inefficient star formation Hopkins, Philip F.; Kereš, Dušan; Oñorbe, José Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 445, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stu1738	journal	September 2014
Constraining globular cluster formation through studies of young massive clusters – IV. Testing the fast rotating massive star scenario Bastian, N.; Hollyhead, K.; Cabrera-Ziri, I. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 445, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stu1775	journal	September 2014
The modelling of feedback in star formation simulations Dale, James E. New Astronomy Reviews, Vol. 68 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.newar.2015.06.001	journal	October 2015
Constraining globular cluster formation through studies of young massive clusters – I. A lack of ongoing star formation within young clusters Bastian, N.; Cabrera-Ziri, I.; Davies, B. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 436, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stt1779	journal	October 2013
Formation of Globular Clusters in Galaxy Mergers Li, Yuexing; Mac Low, Mordecai-Mark; Klessen, Ralf S. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 614, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1086/425320	journal	September 2004
Paving the way for the JWST: witnessing globular cluster formation at z > 3 Vanzella, E.; Calura, F.; Meneghetti, M. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 467, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stx351	journal	February 2017
THE SPITZER c2d LEGACY RESULTS: STAR-FORMATION RATES AND EFFICIENCIES; EVOLUTION AND LIFETIMES Evans, Neal J.; Dunham, Michael M.; Jørgensen, Jes K. The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, Vol. 181, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1088/0067-0049/181/2/321	journal	March 2009
The structure and dynamical evolution of the stellar disc of a simulated Milky Way-mass galaxy Ma, Xiangcheng; Hopkins, Philip F.; Wetzel, Andrew R. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 467, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stx273	journal	February 2017
The Agora High-Resolution Galaxy Simulations Comparison Project Kim, Ji-hoon; Abel, Tom; Agertz, Oscar The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, Vol. 210, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1088/0067-0049/210/1/14	journal	December 2013
Formation of Globular Clusters in Atomic-Cooling Halos via Rapid gas Condensation and Fragmentation During the Epoch of Reionization Kimm, Taysun; Cen, Renyue; Rosdahl, Joakim Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository https://doi.org/10.17863/cam.1308	text	January 2016
The agora high-resolution galaxy simulations comparison project. Ii. Isolated disk test Kim, Ji-Hoon; Agertz, Oscar; Teyssier, Romain IOP Publishing https://doi.org/10.5167/uzh-129935	text	January 2016
The agora high-resolution galaxy simulations comparison project Kim, Ji-Hoon; Abel, Tom; Agertz, Oscar IOP Publishing https://doi.org/10.5167/uzh-90714	text	January 2014
High-resolution simulations of galaxy mergers: Resolving globular cluster formation Bournaud, F.; Duc, P. -A.; Emsellem, E. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.0806.1386	text	January 2008
The Spitzer c2d Legacy Results: Star Formation Rates and Efficiencies; Evolution and Lifetimes Evans, Neal J.; Dunham, Michael M.; Jørgensen, Jes K. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.0811.1059	text	January 2008
The mass function of young star clusters in spiral galaxies Larsen, S. S. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.0812.1400	text	January 2008
Galaxy Mergers with Adaptive Mesh Refinement: Star Formation and Hot Gas Outflow Kim, Ji-hoon; Wise, John H.; Abel, Tom arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.0902.3001	text	January 2009
M22: A [Fe/H] Abundance Range Revealed Da Costa, G. S.; Held, E. V.; Saviane, I. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.0909.5265	text	January 2009
Young massive star clusters Zwart, Simon Portegies; McMillan, Steve; Gieles, Mark arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1002.1961	text	January 2010
A Multi-Code Analysis Toolkit for Astrophysical Simulation Data Turk, Matthew J.; Smith, Britton D.; Oishi, Jeffrey S. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1011.3514	text	January 2010
The Rockstar Phase-Space Temporal Halo Finder and the Velocity Offsets of Cluster Cores Behroozi, Peter S.; Wechsler, Risa H.; Wu, Hao-Yi arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1110.4372	text	January 2011
A General Class of Lagrangian Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics Methods and Implications for Fluid Mixing Problems Hopkins, Philip F. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1206.5006	text	January 2012
The Meaning and Consequences of Star Formation Criteria in Galaxy Models with Resolved Stellar Feedback Hopkins, Philip F.; Narayanan, Desika; Murray, Norman arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1303.0285	text	January 2013
The AGORA High-Resolution Galaxy Simulations Comparison Project Kim, Ji-hoon; Abel, Tom; Agertz, Oscar arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1308.2669	text	January 2013
Constraining Globular Cluster Formation Through Studies of Young Massive Clusters: I. A lack of ongoing star formation within young clusters Bastian, N.; Cabrera-Ziri, I.; Davies, B. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1309.5092	text	January 2013
Galaxies on FIRE (Feedback In Realistic Environments): Stellar Feedback Explains Cosmologically Inefficient Star Formation Hopkins, Philip F.; Keres, Dusan; Onorbe, Jose arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1311.2073	text	January 2013
Constraining globular cluster formation through studies of young massive clusters - II. A Single Stellar Population Young Massive Cluster in NGC 34 Cabrera-Ziri, I.; Bastian, N.; Davies, B. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1404.4056	text	January 2014
Globular cluster formation in the context of galaxy formation and evolution Kruijssen, J. M. Diederik arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1407.2953	text	January 2014
Constraining Globular Cluster Formation Through Studies of Young Massive Clusters - IV. Testing the Fast Rotating Massive Star Scenario Bastian, Nate; Hollyhead, Katie; Cabrera-Ziri, Ivan arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1408.6650	text	January 2014
Neutral hydrogen in galaxy halos at the peak of the cosmic star formation history Faucher-Giguere, C. -A.; Hopkins, P. F.; Keres, D. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1409.1919	text	January 2014
The Origin and Evolution of the Galaxy Mass-Metallicity Relation Ma, Xiangcheng; Hopkins, Philip F.; Faucher-Giguere, Claude-Andre arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1504.02097	text	January 2015
The modelling of feedback in star formation simulations Dale, James E. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1508.06054	text	January 2015
Detailed Chemical Abundances in NGC 5824: Another Metal-Poor Globular Cluster with Internal Heavy Element Abundance Variations Roederer, Ian U.; Mateo, Mario; Bailey, John I. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1510.06414	text	January 2015
The formation and evolution of star clusters in interacting galaxies Maji, Moupiya; Zhu, Qirong; Li, Yuexing arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1606.07091	text	January 2016
Feedback first: the surprisingly weak effects of magnetic fields, viscosity, conduction, and metal diffusion on galaxy formation Su, Kung-Yi; Hopkins, Philip F.; Hayward, Christopher C. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1607.05274	text	January 2016
The Structure and Dynamical Evolution of the Stellar Disk of a Simulated Milky Way-Mass Galaxy Ma, Xiangcheng; Hopkins, Philip F.; Wetzel, Andrew R. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1608.04133	text	January 2016
The AGORA High-Resolution Galaxy Simulations Comparison Project. II: Isolated Disk Test Kim, Ji-hoon; Agertz, Oscar; Teyssier, Romain arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1610.03066	text	January 2016
The Structure and Environment of Young Stellar Clusters in Spiral Galaxies Larsen, Soeren S. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.astro-ph/0312338	text	January 2003
Starburst99: Synthesis Models for Galaxies with Active Star Formation Leitherer, Claus; Schaerer, Daniel; Goldader, Jeffrey D. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.astro-ph/9902334	text	January 1999

Cited By (66)

Massive star cluster formation and evolution in tidal dwarf galaxies Fensch, Jérémy; Duc, Pierre-Alain; Boquien, Médéric Astronomy & Astrophysics, Vol. 628 https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201834403	journal	August 2019
Study of gravitational fields and globular cluster systems of early-type galaxies Bílek, M.; Samurović, S.; Renaud, F. Astronomy & Astrophysics, Vol. 625 https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201834675	journal	May 2019
The E-MOSAICS project: simulating the formation and co-evolution of galaxies and their star cluster populations Pfeffer, Joel; Kruijssen, J. M. Diederik; Crain, Robert A. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 475, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stx3124	journal	December 2017
Concurrent formation of supermassive stars and globular clusters: implications for early self-enrichment Gieles, Mark; Charbonnel, Corinne; Krause, Martin G. H. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 478, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/sty1059	journal	April 2018
Gas clump formation via thermal instability in high-redshift dwarf galaxy mergers Arata, Shohei; Yajima, Hidenobu; Nagamine, Kentaro Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 475, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/sty122	journal	January 2018
Slow cooling in low-metallicity clouds: an origin of globular cluster bimodality? Fernandez, Ricardo; Bryan, Greg L. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 479, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/sty1361	journal	May 2018
The Little Engines That Could? Globular clusters contribute significantly to reionization-era star formation Boylan-Kolchin, Michael Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 479, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/sty1490	journal	June 2018
Formation of globular cluster systems: from dwarf galaxies to giants Choksi, Nick; Gnedin, Oleg Y.; Li, Hui Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 480, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/sty1952	journal	July 2018
Massive star cluster formation under the microscope at z = 6 Vanzella, E.; Calura, F.; Meneghetti, M. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 483, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/sty3311	journal	December 2018
The maximum stellar surface density due to the failure of stellar feedback Grudić, Michael Y.; Hopkins, Philip F.; Quataert, Eliot Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 483, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/sty3386	journal	December 2018
Globular clusters in high-redshift dwarf galaxies: a case study from the Local Group Zick, Tom O.; Weisz, Daniel R.; Boylan-Kolchin, Michael Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 477, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/sty662	journal	March 2018
Simulating galaxies in the reionization era with FIRE-2: morphologies and sizes Ma, Xiangcheng; Hopkins, Philip F.; Boylan-Kolchin, Michael Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 477, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/sty684	journal	March 2018
Formation histories of stars, clusters, and globular clusters in the E-MOSAICS simulations Reina-Campos, Marta; Kruijssen, J. M. Diederik; Pfeffer, Joel L. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 486, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stz1236	journal	May 2019
A systematic analysis of star cluster disruption by tidal shocks – I. Controlled N-body simulations and a new theoretical model Webb, Jeremy J.; Reina-Campos, Marta; Kruijssen, J. M. Diederik Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 486, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stz1264	journal	May 2019
The evolution of the UV luminosity function of globular clusters in the E-MOSAICS simulations Pfeffer, Joel; Bastian, Nate; Crain, Robert A. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 487, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stz1592	journal	June 2019
The elephant in the room: the importance of the details of massive star formation in molecular clouds Grudić, Michael Y.; Hopkins, Philip F. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 488, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stz1820	journal	July 2019
Radiative properties of the first galaxies: rapid transition between UV and infrared bright phases Arata, Shohei; Yajima, Hidenobu; Nagamine, Kentaro Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 488, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stz1887	journal	July 2019
A model for the minimum mass of bound stellar clusters and its dependence on the galactic environment Trujillo-Gomez, Sebastian; Reina-Campos, Marta; Kruijssen, J. M. Diederik Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 488, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stz1932	journal	July 2019
Is there a fundamental upper limit to the mass of a star cluster? Norris, Mark A.; van de Ven, Glenn; Kannappan, Sheila J. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 488, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stz2096	journal	July 2019
The SLUGGS survey: measuring globular cluster ages using both photometry and spectroscopy Usher, Christopher; Brodie, Jean P.; Forbes, Duncan A. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 490, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stz2596	journal	September 2019
Young star cluster populations in the E-MOSAICS simulations Pfeffer, Joel; Bastian, Nate; Kruijssen, J. M. Diederik Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 490, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stz2721	journal	October 2019
The E-MOSAICS project: tracing galaxy formation and assembly with the age–metallicity distribution of globular clusters Kruijssen, J. M. Diederik; Pfeffer, Joel L.; Crain, Robert A. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 486, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stz968	journal	April 2019
A MODEST review Varri, Anna Lisa; Cai, Maxwell Xu; Concha-Ramírez, Francisca Computational Astrophysics and Cosmology, Vol. 5, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1186/s40668-018-0024-6	journal	November 2018
Globular Clusters in a Cosmological N -body Simulation Carlberg, Raymond G. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 861, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aac88a	journal	July 2018
Cold Filamentary Accretion and the Formation of Metal-poor Globular Clusters and Halo Stars Mandelker, Nir; Dokkum, Pieter G. van; Brodie, Jean P. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 861, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aaca98	journal	July 2018
Two Thresholds for Globular Cluster Formation and the Common Occurrence of Massive Clusters in the Early Universe Elmegreen, Bruce G. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 869, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aaed45	journal	December 2018
High-redshift Galaxy Formation with Self-consistently Modeled Stars and Massive Black Holes: Stellar Feedback and Quasar Growth Kim, Ji-hoon; Wise, John H.; Abel, Tom The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 887, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab510b	journal	December 2019
The Formation of Low-metallicity Globular Clusters in Dwarf Galaxy Mergers Lahén, Natalia; Naab, Thorsten; Johansson, Peter H. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 879, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ab2a13	journal	July 2019
Simulating galaxies in the reionization era with FIRE-2: morphologies and sizes Ma, Xiangcheng; Hopkins, Philip F.; Boylan-Kolchin, Michael Oxford University Press https://doi.org/10.5167/uzh-157195	text	January 2018
Globular Clusters in a Cosmological N-body Simulation Carlberg, Raymond G. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1706.01938	text	January 2017
Gas clump formation via thermal instability in high-redshift dwarf galaxy mergers Arata, Shohei; Yajima, Hidenobu; Nagamine, Kentaro arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1710.11503	text	January 2017
Cold Filamentary Accretion and the Formation of Metal Poor Globular Clusters and Halo Stars Mandelker, Nir; van Dokkum, Pieter G.; Brodie, Jean P. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1711.09108	text	January 2017
The E-MOSAICS Project: simulating the formation and co-evolution of galaxies and their star cluster populations Pfeffer, Joel; Kruijssen, J. M. Diederik; Crain, Robert A. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1712.00019	text	January 2017
Massive Star cluster formation under the microscope at z=6 Vanzella, E.; Calura, F.; Meneghetti, M. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1809.02617	text	January 2018
Massive star cluster formation and evolution in tidal dwarf galaxies Fensch, Jeremy; Duc, Pierre-Alain; Boquien, Mederic arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1903.10789	text	January 2019
The evolution of the UV luminosity function of globular clusters in the E-MOSAICS simulations Pfeffer, Joel; Bastian, Nate; Crain, Robert A. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1906.01755	text	January 2019
The SLUGGS Survey: Measuring globular cluster ages using both photometry and spectroscopy Usher, Christopher; Brodie, Jean P.; Forbes, Duncan A. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1909.05753	text	January 2019
What determines the maximum stellar surface density of galaxies? Ling, Chih-Teng; Hashimoto, Tetsuya; Goto, Tomotsugu Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 496, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staa1536	journal	June 2020
Simulating the interstellar medium of galaxies with radiative transfer, non-equilibrium thermochemistry, and dust Kannan, Rahul; Marinacci, Federico; Vogelsberger, Mark Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 499, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staa3249	journal	October 2020
STARFORGE: the effects of protostellar outflows on the IMF Guszejnov, Dávid; Grudić, Michael Y.; Hopkins, Philip F. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 502, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stab278	journal	February 2021
Why do black holes trace bulges (& central surface densities), instead of galaxies as a whole? Hopkins, Philip F.; Wellons, Sarah; Anglés-Alcázar, Daniel Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 510, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stab3458	journal	November 2021
Effects of initial density profiles on massive star cluster formation in giant molecular clouds Chen, Yingtian; Li, Hui; Vogelsberger, Mark Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 502, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stab491	journal	February 2021
On the nature of variations in the measured star formation efficiency of molecular clouds Grudić, Michael Y.; Hopkins, Philip F.; Lee, Eve J. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 488, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stz1758	journal	June 2019
Local photoionization feedback effects on galaxies Obreja, Aura; Macciò, Andrea V.; Moster, Benjamin Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 490, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stz2639	journal	September 2019
The lifecycle of molecular clouds in nearby star-forming disc galaxies Chevance, Mélanie; Kruijssen, J. M. Diederik; Hygate, Alexander P. S. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 493, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stz3525	journal	December 2019
Most stars (and planets?) are born in intense radiation fields Lee, Eve J.; Hopkins, Philip F. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters, Vol. 495, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnrasl/slaa050	journal	April 2020
The universal acceleration scale from stellar feedback Grudić, Michael Y.; Boylan-Kolchin, Michael; Faucher-Giguère, Claude-André Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters, Vol. 496, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnrasl/slaa103	journal	June 2020
Globular Cluster Formation and Evolution in the Context of Cosmological Galaxy Assembly: Open Questions Forbes, Duncan A.; Bastian, Nate; Gieles, Mark arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1801.05818	text	January 2018
Suppression of globular cluster formation in metal-poor gas clouds by Lyman-alpha radiation feedback Abe, Makito; Yajima, Hidenobu arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1801.10473	text	January 2018
The effects of metallicity and cooling physics on fragmentation: implications on direct-collapse black hole formation Moran, C. Corbett; Grudić, M. Y.; Hopkins, P. F. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1803.06430	preprint	January 2018
The formation and hierarchical assembly of globular cluster populations El-Badry, Kareem; Quataert, Eliot; Weisz, Daniel R. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1805.03652	text	January 2018
What drives the evolution of gas kinematics in star-forming galaxies? Hung, Chao-Ling; Hayward, Christopher C.; Yuan, Tiantian arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1806.04233	text	January 2018
Clustered Supernovae Drive Powerful Galactic Winds After Super-Bubble Breakout Fielding, Drummond; Quataert, Eliot; Martizzi, Davide arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1807.08758	text	January 2018
The Elephant in the Room: The Importance of Where and When Massive Stars Form in Molecular Clouds Grudić, Michael Y.; Hopkins, Philip F. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1809.08344	text	January 2018
Stochastic modeling of star-formation histories I: the scatter of the star-forming main sequence Caplar, Neven; Tacchella, Sandro arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1901.07556	text	January 2019
Disruption of giant molecular clouds and formation of bound star clusters under the influence of momentum stellar feedback Li, Hui; Vogelsberger, Mark; Marinacci, Federico arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1904.11987	text	January 2019
Live Fast, Die Young: GMC lifetimes in the FIRE cosmological simulations of Milky Way-mass galaxies Benincasa, Samantha M.; Loebman, Sarah R.; Wetzel, Andrew arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1911.05251	text	January 2019
On the initial mass-radius relation of stellar clusters Choksi, Nick; Kruijssen, J. M. Diederik arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1912.05560	text	January 2019
Testing Physical Models for Cosmic Ray Transport Coefficients on Galactic Scales: Self-Confinement and Extrinsic Turbulence at GeV Energies Hopkins, Philip F.; Squire, Jonathan; Chan, T. K. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2002.06211	text	January 2020
The effect of photoionising feedback on the shaping of hierarchically-forming stellar clusters González-Samaniego, Alejandro; Vazquez-Semadeni, Enrique arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2003.12711	text	January 2020
Effects of Different Cosmic Ray Transport Models on Galaxy Formation Hopkins, Philip F.; Chan, T. K.; Squire, Jonathan arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2004.02897	text	January 2020
Stochastic modelling of star-formation histories II: star-formation variability from molecular clouds and gas inflow Tacchella, Sandro; Forbes, John C.; Caplar, Neven arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2006.09382	text	January 2020
The mass budget for intermediate-mass black holes in dense star clusters Shi, Yanlong; Grudić, Michael Y.; Hopkins, Philip F. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2008.12290	text	January 2020
Which feedback mechanisms dominate in the high-pressure environment of the Central Molecular Zone? Barnes, Ashley T.; Longmore, Steven N.; Dale, James E. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2009.03901	text	January 2020
STARFORGE: Toward a comprehensive numerical model of star cluster formation and feedback Grudić, Michael Y.; Guszejnov, Dávid; Hopkins, Philip F. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2010.11254	text	January 2020
Seeds Don't Sink: Even Massive Black Hole "Seeds" Cannot Migrate to Galaxy Centers Efficiently Ma, Linhao; Hopkins, Philip F.; Ma, Xiangcheng arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2101.02727	text	January 2021

Similar Records

Under the FIRElight: Stellar Tracers of the Local Dark Matter Velocity Distribution in the Milky Way

Journal Article · Wed Sep 18 00:00:00 EDT 2019 · The Astrophysical Journal (Online) · OSTI ID:1423127

Necib, Lina; Lisanti, Mariangela; Garrison-Kimmel, Shea; +5 more

Dissipative dark matter on FIRE – I. Structural and kinematic properties of dwarf galaxies

Journal Article · Mon Jul 19 00:00:00 EDT 2021 · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · OSTI ID:1423127

Shen, Xuejian; Hopkins, Philip F.; Necib, Lina; +3 more

Globular clusters in high-redshift dwarf galaxies: a case study from the Local Group

Journal Article · Fri Mar 16 00:00:00 EDT 2018 · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · OSTI ID:1423127

Zick, Tom O.; Weisz, Daniel R.; Boylan-Kolchin, Michael

Related Subjects

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS
stars formation
globular clusters general
galaxies formation
galaxies kinematics and dynamics
galaxies star clusters general
cosmology theory

Title: Formation of globular cluster candidates in merging proto-galaxies at high redshift: a view from the FIRE cosmological simulations

Citation Formats

References (87)

Cited By (66)

Similar Records

Related Subjects