skip to main content
OSTI.GOV title logo U.S. Department of Energy
Office of Scientific and Technical Information

Title: iPTF15dtg: a double-peaked Type Ic supernova from a massive progenitor

Journal Article · · Astronomy and Astrophysics
 [1];  [1];  [1];  [2];  [3];  [1];  [4];  [5];  [1];  [6];  [3]; ORCiD logo [7]
  1. Stockholm Univ. (Sweden). Oskar Klein Centre, Dept. of Astronomy
  2. Texas Tech Univ., Lubbock, TX (United States). Dept. of Physics
  3. Weizmann Inst. of Science, Rehovot (Israel). Dept. of Particle Physics & Astrophysics
  4. California Inst. of Technology (CalTech), Pasadena, CA (United States). Dept. of Astronomy
  5. California Inst. of Technology (CalTech), La Canada Flintridge, CA (United States). Jet Propulsion Lab.
  6. California Inst. of Technology (CalTech), Pasadena, CA (United States). Cahill Center for Astrophysics
  7. Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)

Type Ic supernovae (SNe Ic) arise from the core-collapse of H- (and He-) poor stars, which could either be single Wolf-Rayet (WR) stars or lower-mass stars stripped of their envelope by a companion. Their light curves are radioactively powered and usually show a fast rise to peak (~10-15 d), without any early (in the first few days) emission bumps (with the exception of broad-lined SNe Ic) as sometimes seen for other types of stripped-envelope SNe (e.g., Type IIb SN 1993J and Type Ib SN 2008D). Here, we have studied iPTF15dtg, a spectroscopically normal SN Ic with an early excess in the optical light curves followed by a long (~30 d) rise to the main peak. It is the first spectroscopically-normal double-peaked SN Ic to be observed. Our aim is to determine the properties of this explosion and of its progenitor star. Methods. Optical photometry and spectroscopy of iPTF15dtg was obtained with multiple telescopes. The resulting light curves and spectral sequence are analyzed and modeled with hydrodynamical and analytical models, with particular focus on the early emission. iPTF15dtg is a slow rising SN Ic, similar to SN 2011bm. Hydrodynamical modeling of the bolometric properties reveals a large ejecta mass (~10 M) and strong 56Ni mixing. The luminous early emission can be reproduced if we account for the presence of an extended (≳500 R), low-mass (≳0.045 M) envelope around the progenitor star. Alternative scenarios for the early peak, such as the interaction with a companion, a shock-breakout (SBO) cooling tail from the progenitor surface, or a magnetar-driven SBO are not favored. In conclusion, the large ejecta mass and the presence of H- and He-free extended material around the star suggest that the progenitor of iPTF15dtg was a massive (≳35 M) WR star that experienced strong mass loss.

Research Organization:
Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)
Sponsoring Organization:
USDOE Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) Program; National Science Foundation (NSF); Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation
Grant/Contract Number:
AC52-06NA25396
OSTI ID:
1412870
Report Number(s):
LA-UR-17-27746; TRN: US1800385
Journal Information:
Astronomy and Astrophysics, Vol. 592; ISSN 0004-6361
Publisher:
EDP SciencesCopyright Statement
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Citation Metrics:
Cited by: 41 works
Citation information provided by
Web of Science

References (93)

The Tenth data Release of the Sloan Digital sky Survey: First Spectroscopic data from the Sdss-Iii Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment journal March 2014
Analysis of late-time light curves of Type IIb, Ib and Ic supernovae journal April 2015
Hydrogen-Poor Superluminous Supernovae and Long-Duration Gamma-Ray Bursts have Similar host Galaxies journal May 2014
The Metamorphosis of Supernova SN 2008D/XRF 080109: A Link Between Supernovae and GRBs/Hypernovae journal August 2008
XRF 100316D/SN 2010bh AND THE NATURE OF GAMMA-RAY BURST SUPERNOVAE journal September 2011
Optical Spectra of Supernovae journal September 1997
An extremely luminous X-ray outburst at the birth of a supernova journal May 2008
GRB hosts through cosmic time: VLT/X-Shooter emission-line spectroscopy of 96 journal September 2015
A giant outburst two years before the core-collapse of a massive star journal June 2007
The Type I[CLC]c[/CLC] Supernova 1994I in M51: Detection of Helium and Spectral Evolution journal September 1995
EVIDENCE FOR A COMPACT WOLF-RAYET PROGENITOR FOR THE TYPE Ic SUPERNOVA PTF 10vgv journal February 2012
The Expanded very Large Array: a new Telescope for new Science journal August 2011
Nebular emission-line profiles of Type Ib/c supernovae - probing the ejecta asphericity journal August 2009
The broad-lined Type Ic supernova 2003jd★: The broad-lined Type Ic supernova 2003jd journal December 2007
THE ULTIMATE LIGHT CURVE OF SN 1998bw/GRB 980425 journal April 2011
Supernova Light Curves Powered by Young Magnetars journal June 2010
Double-Peaked Oxygen Lines Are Not Rare in Nebular Spectra of Core-Collapse Supernovae journal September 2008
FROM SHOCK BREAKOUT TO PEAK AND BEYOND: EXTENSIVE PANCHROMATIC OBSERVATIONS OF THE TYPE Ib SUPERNOVA 2008D ASSOCIATED WITH SWIFT X-RAY TRANSIENT 080109 journal August 2009
SUPER-LUMINOUS TYPE Ic SUPERNOVAE: CATCHING A MAGNETAR BY THE TAIL journal June 2013
Core-Collapse Supernovae from the Palomar Transient Factory: Indications for a Different Population in Dwarf Galaxies journal September 2010
The Sloan Digital Sky Survey Photometric System journal April 1996
Using Double-Peaked Supernova Light Curves to Study Extended Material journal August 2015
GRB 060218: A Relativistic Supernova Shock Breakout journal September 2007
The properties of the ‘standard’ Type Ic supernova 1994I from spectral models: Properties of SN 1994I from spectral models journal June 2006
Are Low-Luminosity Gamma-Ray Bursts Generated by Relativistic Jets? journal September 2011
The Early Uv/Optical Emission from Core-Collapse Supernovae journal January 2011
Dust in the Wind: the role of Recent mass loss in long Gamma-Ray Bursts journal May 2015
Sn 2010mb: Direct Evidence for a Supernova Interacting with a Large Amount of Hydrogen-Free Circumstellar Material journal March 2014
The Keck Low-Resolution Imaging Spectrometer journal April 1995
THE DOUBLE-PEAKED SN 2013ge: A TYPE Ib/c SN WITH AN ASYMMETRIC MASS EJECTION OR AN EXTENDED PROGENITOR ENVELOPE journal April 2016
Supernova 2006aj and the associated X-Ray Flash 060218 journal July 2006
EARLY ULTRAVIOLET/OPTICAL EMISSION OF THE TYPE Ib SN 2008D journal April 2013
Evolutionary Models for Type Ib/c Supernova Progenitors journal January 2015
SN 2009jf: a slow-evolving stripped-envelope core-collapse supernova★: SN 2009jf journal August 2011
PTF12os and iPTF13bvn: Two stripped-envelope supernovae from low-mass progenitors in NGC 5806⋆ journal September 2016
SN 2006oz: rise of a super-luminous supernova observed by the SDSS-II SN Survey journal May 2012
Early-time light curves of Type Ib/c supernovae from the SDSS-II Supernova Survey journal January 2015
A neutron-star-driven X-ray flash associated with supernova SN 2006aj journal August 2006
Modules for Experiments in Stellar Astrophysics (Mesa) journal December 2010
The Supernova–Gamma-Ray Burst Connection journal September 2006
Seeing the Collision of a Supernova with its Companion star journal December 2009
Early Spectroscopic Identification of sn 2008d journal January 2009
Seeing double: the frequency and detectability of double-peaked superluminous supernova light curves journal January 2016
Progenitors of Core-Collapse Supernovae journal September 2009
SN 2013dx associated with GRB 130702A: a detailed photometric and spectroscopic monitoring and a study of the environment journal May 2015
LSQ14bdq: A TYPE Ic SUPER-LUMINOUS SUPERNOVA WITH A DOUBLE-PEAKED LIGHT CURVE journal July 2015
A MULTI-WAVELENGTH INVESTIGATION OF THE RADIO-LOUD SUPERNOVA PTF11qcj AND ITS CIRCUMSTELLAR ENVIRONMENT journal January 2014
UBVRI photometry of SN 1993J in M81: The first 120 days journal March 1994
On the diversity of superluminous supernovae: ejected mass as the dominant factor journal August 2015
A SPECTROSCOPICALLY NORMAL TYPE Ic SUPERNOVA FROM A VERY MASSIVE PROGENITOR journal March 2012
Optical and near-infrared observations of SN 2011dh – The first 100 days journal February 2014
The Automated Palomar 60 Inch Telescope
  • Cenko, S. Bradley; Fox, Derek B.; Moon, Dae‐Sik
  • Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, Vol. 118, Issue 848 https://doi.org/10.1086/508366
journal October 2006
What can we Learn from the Rising Light Curves of Radioactively Powered Supernovae? journal May 2013
A Wolf–Rayet-like progenitor of SN 2013cu from spectral observations of a stellar wind journal May 2014
Optical Photometry of the Type I[CLC]a[/CLC] Supernova 1999[CLC]ee[/CLC] and the Type I[CLC]b[/CLC]/[CLC]c[/CLC] Supernova 1999[CLC]ex[/CLC] in IC 5179 journal October 2002
Metallicity at the explosion sites of interacting transients journal August 2015
A UNIFIED PICTURE FOR LOW-LUMINOSITY AND LONG GAMMA-RAY BURSTS BASED ON THE EXTENDED PROGENITOR OF ll GRB 060218/SN 2006AJ journal July 2015
ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT CURVES OF SUPERNOVAE WITH THE SWIFT ULTRAVIOLET/OPTICAL TELESCOPE journal April 2009
Optical Spectra of 73 Stripped-Envelope Core-Collapse Supernovae journal March 2014
Jet or shock breakout? The low-luminosity GRB 060218 journal May 2016
SN 2004aw: confirming diversity of Type Ic supernovae journal September 2006
A new method for estimating the bolometric properties of Ibc supernovae journal July 2013
[O iii]/[N ii] as an abundance indicator at high redshift journal March 2004
Using Colors to Improve Photometric Metallicity Estimates for Galaxies journal September 2013
WISeREP—An Interactive Supernova Data Repository journal July 2012
A trio of gamma-ray burst supernovae:: GRB 120729A, GRB 130215A/SN 2013ez, and GRB 130831A/SN 2013fu⋆ journal August 2014
The Nordic Optical Telescope book January 2010
The bolometric light curves and physical parameters of stripped-envelope supernovae journal February 2016
Self-similar solutions for the interaction of stellar ejecta with an external medium journal July 1982
A metallicity study of 1987A-like supernova host galaxies journal October 2013
A SPECTROSCOPIC STUDY OF TYPE Ibc SUPERNOVA HOST GALAXIES FROM UNTARGETED SURVEYS journal October 2012
Luminous Supernovae journal August 2012
Inferring supernova IIb/Ib/Ic ejecta properties from light curves and spectra: correlations from radiative-transfer models journal February 2016
Measuring Reddening with Sloan Digital sky Survey Stellar Spectra and Recalibrating sfd journal August 2011
Multi-Color Optical and Near-Infrared Light Curves of 64 Stripped-Envelope Core-Collapse Supernovae journal July 2014
Magnetar-Driven Shock Breakout and Double-Peaked Supernova Light Curves journal April 2016
Radio emission from the unusual supernova 1998bw and its association with the γ-ray burst of 25 April 1998 journal October 1998
Bolometric light curves and explosion parameters of 38 stripped-envelope core-collapse supernovae journal January 2016
The Unique Type Ib Supernova 2005bf at Nebular Phases: A Possible Birth Event of a Strongly Magnetized Neutron Star journal September 2007
The Carbon-rich Type Ic SN 2007gr: The Photospheric Phase journal January 2008
Asphericity in Supernova Explosions from Late-Time Spectroscopy journal February 2008
Bolometric corrections for optical light curves of core-collapse supernovae journal December 2013
Hydrogen-poor superluminous stellar explosions journal June 2011
Supernovae with two Peaks in the Optical Light Curve and the Signature of Progenitors with Low-Mass Extended Envelopes journal June 2014
UBVRI Photometry of the Type IC SN 1994I in M51 journal January 1996
THE FIRST SYSTEMATIC STUDY OF TYPE Ibc SUPERNOVA MULTI-BAND LIGHT CURVES journal October 2011
FIVE-YEAR WILKINSON MICROWAVE ANISOTROPY PROBE OBSERVATIONS: COSMOLOGICAL INTERPRETATION journal February 2009
SN 2005bf: A Possible Transition Event between Type Ib/c Supernovae and Gamma‐Ray Bursts journal April 2006
Extensive optical and near-infrared observations of the nearby, narrow-lined type Ic SN 2007gr: days 5 to 415 journal September 2009
SN 2011dh: DISCOVERY OF A TYPE IIb SUPERNOVA FROM A COMPACT PROGENITOR IN THE NEARBY GALAXY M51 journal November 2011
Light Curves of Core-Collapse Supernovae with Substantial mass loss Using the new Open-Source Supernova Explosion code (Snec) journal November 2015
The death of massive stars - II. Observational constraints on the progenitors of Type Ibc supernovae journal October 2013
The association of GRB 060218 with a supernova and the evolution of the shock wave journal August 2006

Cited By (24)

PTF11mnb: First analog of supernova 2005bf: Long-rising, double-peaked supernova Ic from a massive progenitor⋆ journal January 2018
The Carnegie Supernova Project I: Analysis of stripped-envelope supernova light curves⋆⋆⋆ journal January 2018
Oxygen and helium in stripped-envelope supernovae journal October 2018
The luminous late-time emission of the type-Ic supernova iPTF15dtg – evidence for powering from a magnetar? journal January 2019
Analysis of broad-lined Type Ic supernovae from the (intermediate) Palomar Transient Factory journal January 2019
A meta-analysis of core-collapse supernova 56 Ni masses journal July 2019
The Carnegie Supernova Project II: Early observations and progenitor constraints of the Type Ib supernova LSQ13abf journal January 2020
Gaia16apd – a link between fast and slowly declining type I superluminous supernovae journal April 2017
Investigating the properties of stripped-envelope supernovae; what are the implications for their progenitors? journal December 2018
Superluminous supernovae from the Dark Energy Survey journal May 2019
Origins of Type Ibn SNe 2006jc/2015G in interacting binaries and implications for pre-SN eruptions journal December 2019
A hot and fast ultra-stripped supernova that likely formed a compact neutron star binary journal October 2018
On the Early-Time Excess Emission in Hydrogen-Poor Superluminous Supernovae journal January 2017
Surface Radioactivity or Interactions? Multiple Origins of Early-excess Type Ia Supernovae and Associated Subclasses journal October 2018
Observations of SN 2017ein Reveal Shock Breakout Emission and a Massive Progenitor Star for a Type Ic Supernova journal January 2019
Optimal Classification and Outlier Detection for Stripped-envelope Core-collapse Supernovae journal July 2019
Gaia16apd – a link between fast and slowly declining type I superluminous supernovae text January 2017
The luminous late-time emission of the type Ic supernova iPTF15dtg - evidence for powering from a magnetar? text January 2018
A hot and fast ultra-stripped supernova that likely formed a compact neutron star binary text January 2018
Investigating the properties of stripped-envelope supernovae, what are the implications for their progenitors? text January 2018
Superluminous Supernovae from the Dark Energy Survey text January 2018
Optimal Classification and Outlier Detection for Stripped-Envelope Core-Collapse Supernovae text January 2019
Origins of Type Ibn SNe 2006jc/2015G in interacting binaries and implications for pre-SN eruptions text January 2019
Search for Axionlike-Particle-Induced Prompt Gamma-Ray Emission from Extragalactic Core-Collapse Supernovae with the Fermi Large Area Telescope text January 2020

Similar Records

PTF11mnb: First analog of supernova 2005bf: Long-rising, double-peaked supernova Ic from a massive progenitor*
Journal Article · Mon Jan 01 00:00:00 EST 2018 · Astronomy and Astrophysics · OSTI ID:1412870

Early-time Light Curves of Type Ia Supernovae Observed with TESS
Journal Article · Thu Feb 11 00:00:00 EST 2021 · The Astrophysical Journal · OSTI ID:1412870

EARLY ULTRAVIOLET/OPTICAL EMISSION OF THE TYPE Ib SN 2008D
Journal Article · Sat Apr 20 00:00:00 EDT 2013 · Astrophysical Journal · OSTI ID:1412870