Active bialkali photocathodes on free-standing graphene substrates

Yamaguchi, Hisato; Liu, Fangze; DeFazio, Jeffrey; Narvaez Villarrubia, Claudia W.; Finkenstadt, Daniel; Shabaev, Andrew; Jensen, Kevin L.; Pavlenko, Vitaly; Mehl, Michael; Lambrakos, Sam; Gupta, Gautam; Mohite, Aditya D.; Moody, Nathan A.

doi:10.1038/s41699-017-0014-6

Title: Active bialkali photocathodes on free-standing graphene substrates

Journal Article · Thu Jun 01 00:00:00 EDT 2017 · npj 2D Materials and Applications

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41699-017-0014-6· OSTI ID:1372802

Yamaguchi, Hisato ^[1];

^[1]; DeFazio, Jeffrey ^[2]; Narvaez Villarrubia, Claudia W. ^[1]; Finkenstadt, Daniel ^[3]; Shabaev, Andrew ^[4]; Jensen, Kevin L. ^[4];

^[1]; Mehl, Michael ^[5]; Lambrakos, Sam ^[4]; Gupta, Gautam ^[6];

^[1];

^[1]

Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)
PHOTONIS USA Pennsylvania Inc., Lancaster, PA (United States)
U.S. Naval Academy, Annapolis, MD (United States)
Naval Research Lab., Washington, D.C. (United States)
Naval Research Lab., Washington, D.C. (United States); U.S. Naval Academy, Annapolis, MD (United States)
Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States); Univ. of Louisville, Louisville, KY (United States)

Here, the hexagonal structure of graphene gives rise to the property of gas impermeability, motivating its investigation for a new application: protection of semiconductor photocathodes in electron accelerators. These materials are extremely susceptible to degradation in efficiency through multiple mechanisms related to contamination from the local imperfect vacuum environment of the host photoinjector. Few-layer graphene has been predicted to permit a modified photoemission response of protected photocathode surfaces, and recent experiments of single-layer graphene on copper have begun to confirm these predictions for single crystal metallic photocathodes. Unlike metallic photoemitters, the integration of an ultra-thin graphene barrier film with conventional semiconductor photocathode growth processes is not straightforward. A first step toward addressing this challenge is the growth and characterization of technologically relevant, high quantum efficiency bialkali photocathodes on ultra-thin free-standing graphene substrates. Photocathode growth on free-standing graphene provides the opportunity to integrate these two materials and study their interaction. Specifically, spectral response features and photoemission stability of cathodes grown on graphene substrates are compared to those deposited on established substrates. In addition, we observed an increase of work function for the graphene encapsulated bialkali photocathode surfaces, which is predicted by our calculations. The results provide a unique demonstration of bialkali photocathodes on free-standing substrates, and indicate promise towards our goal of fabricating high-performance graphene encapsulated photocathodes with enhanced lifetime for accelerator applications.

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Research Organization:: Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE

Grant/Contract Number:: AC52-06NA25396

OSTI ID:: 1372802

Report Number(s):: LA-UR-17-25087

Journal Information:: npj 2D Materials and Applications, Vol. 1, Issue 1; ISSN 2397-7132

Publisher:: Springer NatureCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Citation Metrics:

Cited by: 23 works

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Free-Standing Bialkali Photocathodes Using Atomically Thin Substrates Yamaguchi, Hisato; Liu, Fangze; DeFazio, Jeffrey Advanced Materials Interfaces, Vol. 5, Issue 13 https://doi.org/10.1002/admi.201800249	journal	April 2018
Quantum Efficiency Enhancement of Bialkali Photocathodes by an Atomically Thin Layer on Substrates Yamaguchi, Hisato; Liu, Fangze; DeFazio, Jeffrey physica status solidi (a), Vol. 216, Issue 23 https://doi.org/10.1002/pssa.201900501	journal	October 2019
Overcoming the quantum efficiency-lifetime tradeoff of photocathodes by coating with atomically thin two-dimensional nanomaterials Wang, Gaoxue; Yang, Ping; Moody, Nathan A. npj 2D Materials and Applications, Vol. 2, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41699-018-0062-6	journal	June 2018
A photoemission moments model using density functional and transfer matrix methods applied to coating layers on surfaces: Theory Jensen, Kevin L.; Finkenstadt, Daniel; Shabaev, Andrew Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 123, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5008600	journal	January 2018
Analytical models of transmission probabilities for electron sources Jensen, Kevin L.; Finkenstadt, Daniel; Shiffler, Donald A. Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 123, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5018602	journal	February 2018
Quantum Efficiency Enhancement of Bialkali Photocathodes by an Atomically Thin Layer on Substrates Yamaguchi, Hisato; Liu, Fangze; DeFazio, Jeffrey physica status solidi (a), Vol. 216, Issue 23 https://doi.org/10.1002/pssa.201970076	journal	October 2019

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