Reconfigurable training and reservoir computing in an artificial spin-vortex ice via spin-wave fingerprinting

Gartside, Jack Carter; Stenning, Kilian D.; Vanstone, Alex; Holder, Holly H.; Arroo, Daan M.; Dion, Troy; Caravelli, Francesco; Kurebayashi, Hidekazu; Branford, Will R.

doi:10.1038/s41565-022-01091-7

Title: Reconfigurable training and reservoir computing in an artificial spin-vortex ice via spin-wave fingerprinting

Abstract

Strongly interacting artificial spin systems are moving beyond mimicking naturally occurring materials to emerge as versatile functional platforms, from reconfigurable magnonics to neuromorphic computing. Typically, artificial spin systems comprise nanomagnets with a single magnetization texture: collinear macrospins or chiral vortices. Here, by tuning nanoarray dimensions we have achieved macrospin–vortex bistability and demonstrated a four-state metamaterial spin system, the ‘artificial spin-vortex ice’ (ASVI). ASVI can host Ising-like macrospins with strong ice-like vertex interactions and weakly coupled vortices with low stray dipolar field. Vortices and macrospins exhibit starkly differing spin-wave spectra with analogue mode amplitude control and mode frequency shifts of Δf = 3.8 GHz. The enhanced bitextural microstate space gives rise to emergent physical memory phenomena, with ratchet-like vortex injection and history-dependent non-linear fading memory when driven through global magnetic field cycles. We employed spin-wave microstate fingerprinting for rapid, scalable readout of vortex and macrospin populations, and leveraged this for spin-wave reservoir computation. ASVI performs non-linear mapping transformations of diverse input and target signals in addition to chaotic time-series forecasting.

Authors:

^[1];

^[1]; Vanstone, Alex ^[1];

^[1];

^[2];

^[3];

^[1];

^[1]

Imperial College, London (United Kingdom)
Imperial College, London (United Kingdom); Kyushu Univ., Fukuoka (Japan)
Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)

Publication Date:: Thu May 05 00:00:00 EDT 2022

Research Org.:: Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) Program; USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA)

OSTI Identifier:: 2282531

Report Number(s):: LA-UR-21-29487
Journal ID: ISSN 1748-3387

Grant/Contract Number:: 89233218CNA000001; AC52-06NA25396

Resource Type:: Accepted Manuscript

Journal Name:: Nature Nanotechnology

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Volume: 17; Journal Issue: 5; Journal ID: ISSN 1748-3387

Publisher:: Nature Publishing Group

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING; computer science; spin ice; reservoir computing; vortex spin ice; electrical and electronic engineering; energy efficiency; magnetic devices; magnetic properties and materials; metamaterials

Citation Formats


                    Gartside, Jack Carter, Stenning, Kilian D., Vanstone, Alex, Holder, Holly H., Arroo, Daan M., Dion, Troy, Caravelli, Francesco, Kurebayashi, Hidekazu, and Branford, Will R. Reconfigurable training and reservoir computing in an artificial spin-vortex ice via spin-wave fingerprinting.  United States: N. p., 2022. 
Web.  doi:10.1038/s41565-022-01091-7.

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                    Gartside, Jack Carter, Stenning, Kilian D., Vanstone, Alex, Holder, Holly H., Arroo, Daan M., Dion, Troy, Caravelli, Francesco, Kurebayashi, Hidekazu, & Branford, Will R. Reconfigurable training and reservoir computing in an artificial spin-vortex ice via spin-wave fingerprinting.  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1038/s41565-022-01091-7

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                    Gartside, Jack Carter, Stenning, Kilian D., Vanstone, Alex, Holder, Holly H., Arroo, Daan M., Dion, Troy, Caravelli, Francesco, Kurebayashi, Hidekazu, and Branford, Will R. Thu .  
"Reconfigurable training and reservoir computing in an artificial spin-vortex ice via spin-wave fingerprinting".  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1038/s41565-022-01091-7.  https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/2282531.

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@article{osti_2282531,

  title        = {Reconfigurable training and reservoir computing in an artificial spin-vortex ice via spin-wave fingerprinting},

  author       = {Gartside, Jack Carter and Stenning, Kilian D. and Vanstone, Alex and Holder, Holly H. and Arroo, Daan M. and Dion, Troy and Caravelli, Francesco and Kurebayashi, Hidekazu and Branford, Will R.},

  abstractNote = {Strongly interacting artificial spin systems are moving beyond mimicking naturally occurring materials to emerge as versatile functional platforms, from reconfigurable magnonics to neuromorphic computing. Typically, artificial spin systems comprise nanomagnets with a single magnetization texture: collinear macrospins or chiral vortices. Here, by tuning nanoarray dimensions we have achieved macrospin–vortex bistability and demonstrated a four-state metamaterial spin system, the ‘artificial spin-vortex ice’ (ASVI). ASVI can host Ising-like macrospins with strong ice-like vertex interactions and weakly coupled vortices with low stray dipolar field. Vortices and macrospins exhibit starkly differing spin-wave spectra with analogue mode amplitude control and mode frequency shifts of Δf = 3.8 GHz. The enhanced bitextural microstate space gives rise to emergent physical memory phenomena, with ratchet-like vortex injection and history-dependent non-linear fading memory when driven through global magnetic field cycles. We employed spin-wave microstate fingerprinting for rapid, scalable readout of vortex and macrospin populations, and leveraged this for spin-wave reservoir computation. ASVI performs non-linear mapping transformations of diverse input and target signals in addition to chaotic time-series forecasting.},

  doi          = {10.1038/s41565-022-01091-7},

  journal      = {Nature Nanotechnology},

  number       = 5,

  volume       = 17,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {Thu May 05 00:00:00 EDT 2022},

  month        = {Thu May 05 00:00:00 EDT 2022}

}

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Title: Reconfigurable training and reservoir computing in an artificial spin-vortex ice via spin-wave fingerprinting

Abstract

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Artificial ‘spin ice’ in a geometrically frustrated lattice of nanoscale ferromagnetic islands journal, January 2006

Comparison of Spin-Wave Modes in Connected and Disconnected Artificial Spin Ice Nanostructures Using Brillouin Light Scattering Spectroscopy journal, June 2021

Selective and fast plasmon-assisted photo-heating of nanomagnets journal, January 2019

Dynamic dependence to domain wall propagation through artificial spin ice journal, March 2017

Rewritable artificial magnetic charge ice journal, May 2016

Re-visiting the echo state property journal, November 2012

Sculpting the spin-wave response of artificial spin ice via microstate selection journal, December 2019

Realization of ground state in artificial kagome spin ice via topological defect-driven magnetic writing journal, November 2017

New results on recurrent network training: unifying the algorithms and accelerating convergence journal, May 2000

On the Theory of Ferromagnetic Resonance Absorption journal, January 1948

Magnetization dynamics of nanoscale magnetic materials: A perspective journal, November 2020

Temporal data classification and forecasting using a memristor-based reservoir computing system journal, October 2019

Excitation of Whispering Gallery Magnons in a Magnetic Vortex journal, March 2019

Voltage-controlled superparamagnetic ensembles for low-power reservoir computing journal, May 2021

Gyration mode splitting in magnetostatically coupled magnetic vortices in an array journal, October 2010

The 2021 Magnonics Roadmap journal, March 2021

Nanomagnonics with artificial spin ice journal, June 2021

Resistive switching materials for information processing journal, January 2020

Low power continuous-wave all-optical magnetic switching in ferromagnetic nanoarrays conference, October 2022

Neuromorphic computing with nanoscale spintronic oscillators
journal, July 2017

Observation and control of collective spin-wave mode hybridization in chevron arrays and in square, staircase, and brickwork artificial spin ices
journal, February 2022

Dynamically Driven Emergence in a Nanomagnetic System
journal, February 2021

Magnonic Bending, Phase Shifting and Interferometry in a 2D Reconfigurable Nanodisk Crystal
journal, December 2020

Current-controlled nanomagnetic writing for reconfigurable magnonic crystals
journal, November 2020

The design and verification of MuMax3
journal, October 2014

Thermal ground-state ordering and elementary excitations in artificial magnetic square ice
journal, November 2010

Anisotropic MagnetoMemristance
journal, June 2022

Magnetic texture based magnonics
journal, April 2021

Nanoscale neural network using non-linear spin-wave interference
journal, November 2021

Advances in artificial spin ice
journal, November 2019

Domain wall trajectory determined by its fractional topological edge defects
journal, July 2013

Thermoplasmonic Nanomagnetic Logic Gates
journal, August 2022

Ground State Lost but Degeneracy Found: The Effective Thermodynamics of Artificial Spin Ice
journal, May 2007

Computation in artificial spin ice
conference, January 2018

Stability of magnetic vortex in soft magnetic nano-sized circular cylinder
journal, April 2002

Field-induced phase coexistence in an artificial spin ice
journal, December 2018

A tunable magnetic metamaterial based on the dipolar four-state Potts model
journal, October 2018

Reservoir computing using dynamic memristors for temporal information processing
journal, December 2017

Emergent Spin Dynamics Enabled by Lattice Interactions in a Bicomponent Artificial Spin Ice
journal, February 2021

Physics for neuromorphic computing
journal, July 2020

Reconfigurable magnonic mode-hybridisation and spectral control in a bicomponent artificial spin ice
journal, May 2021

Magnetic Tunability of Permalloy Artificial Spin Ice Structures
journal, January 2020

Direct observation of the vortex core magnetization and its dynamics
journal, May 2007

Reservoir Computing With Spin Waves Excited in a Garnet Film
journal, January 2018

Reconfigurable magnonics heats up
journal, June 2015

Magnetic Vortex Core Observation in Circular Dots of Permalloy
journal, August 2000

Tunable magnetization dynamics in artificial spin ice via shape anisotropy modification
journal, August 2019

MuMax: A new high-performance micromagnetic simulation tool
journal, November 2011

Dynamic response of an artificial square spin ice
journal, March 2016

Reservoir Computing in Artificial Spin Ice
conference, January 2020

Magnonic crystals for data processing
journal, May 2017

Recent advances in physical reservoir computing: A review
journal, July 2019

Direct observation of magnetic monopole defects in an artificial spin-ice system
journal, April 2010

Numerical simulation of artificial spin ice for reservoir computing
journal, January 2021

In materia reservoir computing with a fully memristive architecture based on self-organizing nanowire networks
journal, October 2021

A novel method for the injection and manipulation of magnetic charge states in nanostructures
journal, September 2016

Memory formation in matter
journal, July 2019

Reservoir computing approaches to recurrent neural network training
journal, August 2009

Advances in Magnetics Roadmap on Spin-Wave Computing
journal, June 2022

Magnon Modes of Microstates and Microwave-Induced Avalanche in Kagome Artificial Spin Ice with Topological Defects
journal, September 2020

Artificial spin ice phase-change memory resistors
journal, February 2022

Physical reservoir computing—an introductory perspective
journal, May 2020

Magnetic Vortex State Stability, Reversal and Dynamics in Restricted Geometries
journal, June 2008

Artificial ‘spin ice’ in a geometrically frustrated lattice of nanoscale ferromagnetic islands
journal, January 2006

Comparison of Spin-Wave Modes in Connected and Disconnected Artificial Spin Ice Nanostructures Using Brillouin Light Scattering Spectroscopy
journal, June 2021

Selective and fast plasmon-assisted photo-heating of nanomagnets
journal, January 2019

Dynamic dependence to domain wall propagation through artificial spin ice
journal, March 2017

Rewritable artificial magnetic charge ice
journal, May 2016

Re-visiting the echo state property
journal, November 2012

Sculpting the spin-wave response of artificial spin ice via microstate selection
journal, December 2019

Realization of ground state in artificial kagome spin ice via topological defect-driven magnetic writing
journal, November 2017

New results on recurrent network training: unifying the algorithms and accelerating convergence
journal, May 2000

On the Theory of Ferromagnetic Resonance Absorption
journal, January 1948

Magnetization dynamics of nanoscale magnetic materials: A perspective
journal, November 2020

Temporal data classification and forecasting using a memristor-based reservoir computing system
journal, October 2019

Excitation of Whispering Gallery Magnons in a Magnetic Vortex
journal, March 2019

Voltage-controlled superparamagnetic ensembles for low-power reservoir computing
journal, May 2021

Gyration mode splitting in magnetostatically coupled magnetic vortices in an array
journal, October 2010

The 2021 Magnonics Roadmap
journal, March 2021

Nanomagnonics with artificial spin ice
journal, June 2021

Resistive switching materials for information processing
journal, January 2020

Low power continuous-wave all-optical magnetic switching in ferromagnetic nanoarrays
conference, October 2022