Traversable wormhole dynamics on a quantum processor
Abstract
The holographic principle, theorized to be a property of quantum gravity, postulates that the description of a volume of space can be encoded on a lower-dimensional boundary. The anti-de Sitter (AdS)/conformal field theory correspondence or duality is the principal example of holography. The Sachdev–Ye–Kitaev (SYK) model of N >> 1 Majorana fermions has features suggesting the existence of a gravitational dual in AdS2, and is a new realization of holography. Here, we invoke the holographic correspondence of the SYK many-body system and gravity to probe the conjectured ER=EPR relation between entanglement and spacetime geometry through the traversable wormhole mechanism as implemented in the SYK model. A qubit can be used to probe the SYK traversable wormhole dynamics through the corresponding teleportation protocol. This can be realized as a quantum circuit, equivalent to the gravitational picture in the semiclassical limit of an infinite number of qubits. Here we use learning techniques to construct a sparsified SYK model that we experimentally realize with 164 two-qubit gates on a nine-qubit circuit and observe the corresponding traversable wormhole dynamics. Despite its approximate nature, the sparsified SYK model preserves key properties of the traversable wormhole physics: perfect size winding, coupling on either side of themore »
- Authors:
-
- Harvard Univ., Cambridge, MA (United States)
- Massachusetts Inst. of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA (United States); California Institute of Technology (CalTech), Pasadena, CA (United States); Google Quantum AI, Venice, CA (United States)
- Fermi National Accelerator Lab. (FNAL), Batavia, IL (United States)
- California Institute of Technology (CalTech), Pasadena, CA (United States)
- Google Quantum AI, Venice, CA (United States)
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, IL (United States)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE Office of Science (SC), High Energy Physics (HEP)
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1973600
- Report Number(s):
- FERMILAB-PUB-22-887-QIS
Journal ID: ISSN 0028-0836; oai:inspirehep.net:2605741
- Grant/Contract Number:
- AC02-07CH11359; SC0019219
- Resource Type:
- Accepted Manuscript
- Journal Name:
- Nature (London)
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Name: Nature (London); Journal Volume: 612; Journal Issue: 7938; Journal ID: ISSN 0028-0836
- Publisher:
- Nature Publishing Group
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSICS; Computer science; Quantum physics; Technology
Citation Formats
Jafferis, Daniel, Zlokapa, Alexander, Lykken, Joseph D., Kolchmeyer, David K., Davis, Samantha I., Lauk, Nikolai, Neven, Hartmut, and Spiropulu, Maria. Traversable wormhole dynamics on a quantum processor. United States: N. p., 2022.
Web. doi:10.1038/s41586-022-05424-3.
Jafferis, Daniel, Zlokapa, Alexander, Lykken, Joseph D., Kolchmeyer, David K., Davis, Samantha I., Lauk, Nikolai, Neven, Hartmut, & Spiropulu, Maria. Traversable wormhole dynamics on a quantum processor. United States. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-022-05424-3
Jafferis, Daniel, Zlokapa, Alexander, Lykken, Joseph D., Kolchmeyer, David K., Davis, Samantha I., Lauk, Nikolai, Neven, Hartmut, and Spiropulu, Maria. Wed .
"Traversable wormhole dynamics on a quantum processor". United States. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-022-05424-3. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1973600.
@article{osti_1973600,
title = {Traversable wormhole dynamics on a quantum processor},
author = {Jafferis, Daniel and Zlokapa, Alexander and Lykken, Joseph D. and Kolchmeyer, David K. and Davis, Samantha I. and Lauk, Nikolai and Neven, Hartmut and Spiropulu, Maria},
abstractNote = {The holographic principle, theorized to be a property of quantum gravity, postulates that the description of a volume of space can be encoded on a lower-dimensional boundary. The anti-de Sitter (AdS)/conformal field theory correspondence or duality is the principal example of holography. The Sachdev–Ye–Kitaev (SYK) model of N >> 1 Majorana fermions has features suggesting the existence of a gravitational dual in AdS2, and is a new realization of holography. Here, we invoke the holographic correspondence of the SYK many-body system and gravity to probe the conjectured ER=EPR relation between entanglement and spacetime geometry through the traversable wormhole mechanism as implemented in the SYK model. A qubit can be used to probe the SYK traversable wormhole dynamics through the corresponding teleportation protocol. This can be realized as a quantum circuit, equivalent to the gravitational picture in the semiclassical limit of an infinite number of qubits. Here we use learning techniques to construct a sparsified SYK model that we experimentally realize with 164 two-qubit gates on a nine-qubit circuit and observe the corresponding traversable wormhole dynamics. Despite its approximate nature, the sparsified SYK model preserves key properties of the traversable wormhole physics: perfect size winding, coupling on either side of the wormhole that is consistent with a negative energy shockwave, a Shapiro time delay, causal time-order of signals emerging from the wormhole, and scrambling and thermalization dynamics. Our experiment was run on the Google Sycamore processor. By interrogating a two-dimensional gravity dual system, our work represents a step towards a program for studying quantum gravity in the laboratory. Future developments will require improved hardware scalability and performance as well as theoretical developments including higher-dimensional quantum gravity duals and other SYK-like models.},
doi = {10.1038/s41586-022-05424-3},
journal = {Nature (London)},
number = 7938,
volume = 612,
place = {United States},
year = {Wed Nov 30 00:00:00 EST 2022},
month = {Wed Nov 30 00:00:00 EST 2022}
}
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