DOE PAGES title logo U.S. Department of Energy
Office of Scientific and Technical Information

Title: A localized view on molecular dissociation via electron-ion partial covariance

Abstract

Inner-shell photoelectron spectroscopy provides an element-specific probe of molecular structure, as core-electron binding energies are sensitive to the chemical environment. Short-wavelength femtosecond light sources, such as Free-Electron Lasers (FELs), even enable time-resolved site-specific investigations of molecular photochemistry. Here, we study the ultraviolet photodissociation of the prototypical chiral molecule 1-iodo-2-methylbutane, probed by extreme-ultraviolet (XUV) pulses from the Free-electron LASer in Hamburg (FLASH) through the ultrafast evolution of the iodine 4d binding energy. Methodologically, we employ electron-ion partial covariance imaging as a technique to isolate otherwise elusive features in a two-dimensional photoelectron spectrum arising from different photofragmentation pathways. The experimental and theoretical results for the time-resolved electron spectra of the 4d3/2 and 4d5/2 atomic and molecular levels that are disentangled by this method provide a key step towards studying structural and chemical changes from a specific spectator site.

Authors:
ORCiD logo [1]; ORCiD logo [2]; ORCiD logo [3]; ORCiD logo [4]; ORCiD logo [5]; ORCiD logo [6];  [4];  [5]; ORCiD logo [7]; ORCiD logo [8];  [5]; ORCiD logo [8];  [4];  [4]; ORCiD logo [7]; ORCiD logo [8];  [9]; ORCiD logo [10]; ORCiD logo [11];  [5] more »; ORCiD logo [8];  [7]; ORCiD logo [4];  [8];  [5]; ORCiD logo [8];  [5];  [5];  [5]; ORCiD logo [9]; ORCiD logo [7];  [8];  [12];  [4]; ORCiD logo [13];  [14]; ORCiD logo [15]; ORCiD logo [5]; ORCiD logo [7];  [2] « less
  1. Univ. of Oxford (United Kingdom); SLAC National Accelerator Lab., Menlo Park, CA (United States). Photon Ultrafast Laser Science and Engineering Inst. (PULSE)
  2. Universität Kassel (Germany); European XFEL, Schenefeld (Germany); Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Hamburg (Germany)
  3. Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Hamburg (Germany). Center for Free-Electron Laser Science
  4. European XFEL, Schenefeld (Germany)
  5. Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Hamburg (Germany)
  6. Universität Kassel (Germany); European XFEL, Schenefeld (Germany)
  7. Univ. of Oxford (United Kingdom)
  8. Universität Kassel (Germany)
  9. Stockholm Univ. (Sweden)
  10. Univ. of Oxford (United Kingdom); Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Hamburg (Germany)
  11. Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Hamburg (Germany). Center for Free-Electron Laser Science; Peking Univ., Beijing (China)
  12. Max Born Institute, Berlin (Germany)
  13. SLAC National Accelerator Lab., Menlo Park, CA (United States)
  14. Univ. of Gothenburg (Sweden)
  15. Kansas State Univ., Manhattan, KS (United States)
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory (SLAC), Menlo Park, CA (United States)
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES); EPSRC Programme Grants; German Research Foundation (DFG); Max Planck Society; Volkswagon Foundation; Helmholtz Initiative; National Science Foundation (NSF)
OSTI Identifier:
1866598
Grant/Contract Number:  
AC02-76SF00515; PHYS-1753324; EP/L005913/1; EP/T021675/1; EP/S028617/1; 328961117-SFB 1319-ELCH
Resource Type:
Accepted Manuscript
Journal Name:
Communications Chemistry
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Volume: 5; Journal Issue: 1; Journal ID: ISSN 2399-3669
Publisher:
Springer Nature
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY; 74 ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR PHYSICS

Citation Formats

Allum, Felix, Music, Valerija, Inhester, Ludger, Boll, Rebecca, Erk, Benjamin, Schmidt, Philipp, Baumann, Thomas M., Brenner, Günter, Burt, Michael, Demekhin, Philipp V., Dörner, Simon, Ehresmann, Arno, Galler, Andreas, Grychtol, Patrik, Heathcote, David, Kargin, Denis, Larsson, Mats, Lee, Jason L., Li, Zheng, Manschwetus, Bastian, Marder, Lutz, Mason, Robert, Meyer, Michael, Otto, Huda, Passow, Christopher, Pietschnig, Rudolf, Ramm, Daniel, Schubert, Kaja, Schwob, Lucas, Thomas, Richard D., Vallance, Claire, Vidanović, Igor, von Korff Schmising, Clemens, Wagner, René, Walter, Peter, Zhaunerchyk, Vitali, Rolles, Daniel, Bari, Sadia, Brouard, Mark, and Ilchen, Markus. A localized view on molecular dissociation via electron-ion partial covariance. United States: N. p., 2022. Web. doi:10.1038/s42004-022-00656-w.
Allum, Felix, Music, Valerija, Inhester, Ludger, Boll, Rebecca, Erk, Benjamin, Schmidt, Philipp, Baumann, Thomas M., Brenner, Günter, Burt, Michael, Demekhin, Philipp V., Dörner, Simon, Ehresmann, Arno, Galler, Andreas, Grychtol, Patrik, Heathcote, David, Kargin, Denis, Larsson, Mats, Lee, Jason L., Li, Zheng, Manschwetus, Bastian, Marder, Lutz, Mason, Robert, Meyer, Michael, Otto, Huda, Passow, Christopher, Pietschnig, Rudolf, Ramm, Daniel, Schubert, Kaja, Schwob, Lucas, Thomas, Richard D., Vallance, Claire, Vidanović, Igor, von Korff Schmising, Clemens, Wagner, René, Walter, Peter, Zhaunerchyk, Vitali, Rolles, Daniel, Bari, Sadia, Brouard, Mark, & Ilchen, Markus. A localized view on molecular dissociation via electron-ion partial covariance. United States. https://doi.org/10.1038/s42004-022-00656-w
Allum, Felix, Music, Valerija, Inhester, Ludger, Boll, Rebecca, Erk, Benjamin, Schmidt, Philipp, Baumann, Thomas M., Brenner, Günter, Burt, Michael, Demekhin, Philipp V., Dörner, Simon, Ehresmann, Arno, Galler, Andreas, Grychtol, Patrik, Heathcote, David, Kargin, Denis, Larsson, Mats, Lee, Jason L., Li, Zheng, Manschwetus, Bastian, Marder, Lutz, Mason, Robert, Meyer, Michael, Otto, Huda, Passow, Christopher, Pietschnig, Rudolf, Ramm, Daniel, Schubert, Kaja, Schwob, Lucas, Thomas, Richard D., Vallance, Claire, Vidanović, Igor, von Korff Schmising, Clemens, Wagner, René, Walter, Peter, Zhaunerchyk, Vitali, Rolles, Daniel, Bari, Sadia, Brouard, Mark, and Ilchen, Markus. Mon . "A localized view on molecular dissociation via electron-ion partial covariance". United States. https://doi.org/10.1038/s42004-022-00656-w. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1866598.
@article{osti_1866598,
title = {A localized view on molecular dissociation via electron-ion partial covariance},
author = {Allum, Felix and Music, Valerija and Inhester, Ludger and Boll, Rebecca and Erk, Benjamin and Schmidt, Philipp and Baumann, Thomas M. and Brenner, Günter and Burt, Michael and Demekhin, Philipp V. and Dörner, Simon and Ehresmann, Arno and Galler, Andreas and Grychtol, Patrik and Heathcote, David and Kargin, Denis and Larsson, Mats and Lee, Jason L. and Li, Zheng and Manschwetus, Bastian and Marder, Lutz and Mason, Robert and Meyer, Michael and Otto, Huda and Passow, Christopher and Pietschnig, Rudolf and Ramm, Daniel and Schubert, Kaja and Schwob, Lucas and Thomas, Richard D. and Vallance, Claire and Vidanović, Igor and von Korff Schmising, Clemens and Wagner, René and Walter, Peter and Zhaunerchyk, Vitali and Rolles, Daniel and Bari, Sadia and Brouard, Mark and Ilchen, Markus},
abstractNote = {Inner-shell photoelectron spectroscopy provides an element-specific probe of molecular structure, as core-electron binding energies are sensitive to the chemical environment. Short-wavelength femtosecond light sources, such as Free-Electron Lasers (FELs), even enable time-resolved site-specific investigations of molecular photochemistry. Here, we study the ultraviolet photodissociation of the prototypical chiral molecule 1-iodo-2-methylbutane, probed by extreme-ultraviolet (XUV) pulses from the Free-electron LASer in Hamburg (FLASH) through the ultrafast evolution of the iodine 4d binding energy. Methodologically, we employ electron-ion partial covariance imaging as a technique to isolate otherwise elusive features in a two-dimensional photoelectron spectrum arising from different photofragmentation pathways. The experimental and theoretical results for the time-resolved electron spectra of the 4d3/2 and 4d5/2 atomic and molecular levels that are disentangled by this method provide a key step towards studying structural and chemical changes from a specific spectator site.},
doi = {10.1038/s42004-022-00656-w},
journal = {Communications Chemistry},
number = 1,
volume = 5,
place = {United States},
year = {Mon Mar 28 00:00:00 EDT 2022},
month = {Mon Mar 28 00:00:00 EDT 2022}
}

Works referenced in this record:

Coincidence and covariance data acquisition in photoelectron and -ion spectroscopy. II. Analysis and applications
journal, October 2013


Efficient electronic structure calculation for molecular ionization dynamics at high x-ray intensity
journal, May 2015

  • Hao, Yajiang; Inhester, Ludger; Hanasaki, Kota
  • Structural Dynamics, Vol. 2, Issue 4
  • DOI: 10.1063/1.4919794

Angular Distribution of Photoelectrons
journal, January 1968

  • Cooper, J.; Zare, R. N.
  • The Journal of Chemical Physics, Vol. 48, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.1063/1.1668742

Photoionization of atoms using synchrotron radiation
journal, September 1992


Molpro: a general-purpose quantum chemistry program package: Molpro
journal, July 2011

  • Werner, Hans-Joachim; Knowles, Peter J.; Knizia, Gerald
  • Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Computational Molecular Science, Vol. 2, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.1002/wcms.82

Covariance mapping techniques
journal, July 2016


Time-resolved electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis of photodissociation: Photoelectron spectra of Fe(CO) 5 , Fe(CO) 4 , and Fe(CO) 3
journal, July 2018

  • Leitner, T.; Josefsson, I.; Mazza, T.
  • The Journal of Chemical Physics, Vol. 149, Issue 4
  • DOI: 10.1063/1.5035149

Compact effective potentials and efficient shared‐exponent basis sets for the first‐ and second‐row atoms
journal, December 1984

  • Stevens, Walter J.; Basch, Harold; Krauss, Morris
  • The Journal of Chemical Physics, Vol. 81, Issue 12
  • DOI: 10.1063/1.447604

Extension of Gaussian‐2 (G2) theory to bromine‐ and iodine‐containing molecules: Use of effective core potentials
journal, August 1995

  • Glukhovtsev, Mikhail N.; Pross, Addy; McGrath, Mark P.
  • The Journal of Chemical Physics, Vol. 103, Issue 5
  • DOI: 10.1063/1.469712

Time-Resolved Photoelectron Spectroscopy of Conical Intersections with Attosecond Pulse Trains
journal, August 2021


Charge transfer in dissociating iodomethane and fluoromethane molecules ionized by intense femtosecond X-ray pulses
journal, March 2016

  • Boll, Rebecca; Erk, Benjamin; Coffee, Ryan
  • Structural Dynamics, Vol. 3, Issue 4
  • DOI: 10.1063/1.4944344

Double Core-Hole Generation in O 2 Molecules Using an X-Ray Free-Electron Laser: Molecular-Frame Photoelectron Angular Distributions
journal, October 2020


Photoelectron spectroscopy of atomic iodine produced by laser photodissociation
journal, October 1988


Electron Bunch Timing with Femtosecond Precision in a Superconducting Free-Electron Laser
journal, April 2010


The far ultra-violet spectra of some 1-iodoalkanes
journal, August 1972


Methyl iodide A-band decomposition study by photofragment velocity imaging
journal, September 1998

  • Eppink, André T. J. B.; Parker, David H.
  • The Journal of Chemical Physics, Vol. 109, Issue 12
  • DOI: 10.1063/1.477087

Pulse Compression of Ultrashort UV Pulses by Self-Phase Modulation in Bulk Material
journal, February 2013

  • Krebs, Nils; Pugliesi, Igor; Riedle, Eberhard
  • Applied Sciences, Vol. 3, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.3390/app3010153

Self‐consistent molecular orbital methods. XX. A basis set for correlated wave functions
journal, January 1980

  • Krishnan, R.; Binkley, J. S.; Seeger, R.
  • The Journal of Chemical Physics, Vol. 72, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.1063/1.438955

Imaging charge transfer in iodomethane upon x-ray photoabsorption
journal, July 2014


Two-dimensional charged particle image inversion using a polar basis function expansion
journal, November 2004

  • Garcia, Gustavo A.; Nahon, Laurent; Powis, Ivan
  • Review of Scientific Instruments, Vol. 75, Issue 11
  • DOI: 10.1063/1.1807578

Route to Attosecond Nonlinear Spectroscopy
journal, December 2010


Dynamics of Hollow Atom Formation in Intense X-Ray Pulses Probed by Partial Covariance Mapping
journal, August 2013


Polarization control in an X-ray free-electron laser
journal, May 2016

  • Lutman, Alberto A.; MacArthur, James P.; Ilchen, Markus
  • Nature Photonics, Vol. 10, Issue 7
  • DOI: 10.1038/nphoton.2016.79

Theory of the angular distribution of molecular photofragments
journal, December 1974

  • Yang, Sze‐cheng; Bersohn, Richard
  • The Journal of Chemical Physics, Vol. 61, Issue 11
  • DOI: 10.1063/1.1681757

Covariance mapping of two-photon double core hole states in C 2 H 2 and C 2 H 6 produced by an x-ray free electron laser
journal, July 2015


Tunable isolated attosecond X-ray pulses with gigawatt peak power from a free-electron laser
journal, December 2019


The Multielectron Ionization Dynamics Underlying Attosecond Strong-Field Spectroscopies
journal, March 2012


Recent developments in the general atomic and molecular electronic structure system
journal, April 2020

  • Barca, Giuseppe M. J.; Bertoni, Colleen; Carrington, Laura
  • The Journal of Chemical Physics, Vol. 152, Issue 15
  • DOI: 10.1063/5.0005188

Gas detectors for x-ray lasers
journal, May 2008

  • Tiedtke, K.; Feldhaus, J.; Hahn, U.
  • Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 103, Issue 9
  • DOI: 10.1063/1.2913328

Operation of a free-electron laser from the extreme ultraviolet to the water window
journal, June 2007


X-ray multiphoton ionization dynamics of a water molecule irradiated by an x-ray free-electron laser pulse
journal, August 2016


Ligand‐field splittings and core‐level linewidths in I 4 d photoelectron spectra of iodine molecules
journal, December 1992

  • Cutler, J. N.; Bancroft, G. M.; Tan, K. H.
  • The Journal of Chemical Physics, Vol. 97, Issue 11
  • DOI: 10.1063/1.463468

Structural dynamics effects on the ultrafast chemical bond cleavage of a photodissociation reaction
journal, January 2014

  • Corrales, María E.; Loriot, Vincent; Balerdi, Garikoitz
  • Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, Vol. 16, Issue 19
  • DOI: 10.1039/c3cp54677b

Spectroscopic Signature of Chemical Bond Dissociation Revealed by Calculated Core-Electron Spectra
journal, October 2019

  • Inhester, Ludger; Li, Zheng; Zhu, Xiaolei
  • The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters, Vol. 10, Issue 21
  • DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b02370

A study of the photoionisation dynamics of chloromethane and iodomethane
journal, August 2006


Mapping wave packet bifurcation at a conical intersection in CH 3 I by attosecond XUV transient absorption spectroscopy
journal, June 2021

  • Chang, Kristina F.; Wang, Han; Poullain, Sonia M.
  • The Journal of Chemical Physics, Vol. 154, Issue 23
  • DOI: 10.1063/5.0056299

Plasma Hsp90 levels in patients with systemic sclerosis and relation to lung and skin involvement: a cross-sectional and longitudinal study
journal, January 2021


Ultrafast spectroscopy with sub-10 fs deep-ultraviolet pulses
journal, January 2012

  • Kobayashi, Takayoshi; Kida, Yuichiro
  • Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, Vol. 14, Issue 18
  • DOI: 10.1039/c2cp23649d

A Versatile Velocity Map Ion-Electron Covariance Imaging Spectrometer for High-Intensity XUV Experiments
journal, June 2018

  • Rading, Linnea; Lahl, Jan; Maclot, Sylvain
  • Applied Sciences, Vol. 8, Issue 6
  • DOI: 10.3390/app8060998

Theory and simulations of covariance mapping in multiple dimensions for data analysis in high-event-rate experiments
journal, May 2014


Generating circularly polarized radiation in the extreme ultraviolet spectral range at the free-electron laser FLASH
journal, May 2017

  • von Korff Schmising, Clemens; Weder, David; Noll, Tino
  • Review of Scientific Instruments, Vol. 88, Issue 5
  • DOI: 10.1063/1.4983056

Excited state wavepacket dynamics in NO 2 probed by strong-field ionization
journal, August 2017

  • Forbes, Ruaridh; Boguslavskiy, Andrey E.; Wilkinson, Iain
  • The Journal of Chemical Physics, Vol. 147, Issue 5
  • DOI: 10.1063/1.4996461

Coincidence spectroscopy: Past, present and perspectives
journal, April 2015


Photodissociation dynamics of CH 3 I probed via multiphoton ionisation photoelectron spectroscopy
journal, January 2019

  • Warne, Emily M.; Downes-Ward, Briony; Woodhouse, Joanne
  • Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, Vol. 21, Issue 21
  • DOI: 10.1039/C9CP01477B

Coulomb explosion of diatomic molecules in intense XUV fields mapped by partial covariance
journal, August 2013

  • Kornilov, O.; Eckstein, M.; Rosenblatt, M.
  • Journal of Physics B: Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics, Vol. 46, Issue 16
  • DOI: 10.1088/0953-4075/46/16/164028

Coulomb explosion imaging of CH 3 I and CH 2 ClI photodissociation dynamics
journal, November 2018

  • Allum, Felix; Burt, Michael; Amini, Kasra
  • The Journal of Chemical Physics, Vol. 149, Issue 20
  • DOI: 10.1063/1.5041381

Femtosecond time-resolved photoelectron–photoion coincidence imaging studies of dissociation dynamics
journal, July 1999

  • Davies, J. A.; LeClaire, J. E.; Continetti, R. E.
  • The Journal of Chemical Physics, Vol. 111, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.1063/1.479248

Velocity map imaging of ions and electrons using electrostatic lenses: Application in photoelectron and photofragment ion imaging of molecular oxygen
journal, September 1997

  • Eppink, André T. J. B.; Parker, David H.
  • Review of Scientific Instruments, Vol. 68, Issue 9
  • DOI: 10.1063/1.1148310

Coincidence and covariance data acquisition in photoelectron and -ion spectroscopy. I. Formal theory
journal, October 2013


Covariance Mapping: A Correlation Method Applied to Multiphoton Multiple Ionization
journal, November 1989


Pixel imaging mass spectrometry with fast silicon detectors
journal, May 2011

  • Nomerotski, A.; Adigun-Boaye, S.; Brouard, M.
  • Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, Vol. 633
  • DOI: 10.1016/j.nima.2010.06.178

Femtochemistry:  Atomic-Scale Dynamics of the Chemical Bond
journal, June 2000

  • Zewail, Ahmed H.
  • The Journal of Physical Chemistry A, Vol. 104, Issue 24
  • DOI: 10.1021/jp001460h

Angle resolved photoelectron spectroscopy of the valence shells in HI and CH 3 I as a function of photon energy from 13 to 90 eV
journal, April 1984

  • Carlson, Thomas A.; Fahlman, Anders; Krause, Manfred O.
  • The Journal of Chemical Physics, Vol. 80, Issue 8
  • DOI: 10.1063/1.447196

Communication: Direct evidence for sequential dissociation of gas-phase Fe(CO)5 via a singlet pathway upon excitation at 266 nm
journal, June 2017

  • Wernet, Ph.; Leitner, T.; Josefsson, I.
  • The Journal of Chemical Physics, Vol. 146, Issue 21
  • DOI: 10.1063/1.4984774

Bright squeezed light reduces back-action
journal, December 2019


Photodissociation dynamics of methyl iodide across the A-band probed by femtosecond extreme ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy
journal, July 2021

  • Downes-Ward, Briony; Warne, Emily M.; Woodhouse, Joanne
  • Journal of Physics B: Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics, Vol. 54, Issue 13
  • DOI: 10.1088/1361-6455/ac08f3

Inner-shell multiple ionization of polyatomic molecules with an intense x-ray free-electron laser studied by coincident ion momentum imaging
journal, August 2013


Excited State Photochemistry of Iodoalkanes
journal, March 1995

  • Ross, Philip L.; Johnston, Murray V.
  • The Journal of Physical Chemistry, Vol. 99, Issue 12
  • DOI: 10.1021/j100012a031

C OINCIDENCE S PECTROSCOPY
journal, October 2001


Experimental study of the 4 d ionization continuum in atomic iodine by photoelectron and photoion spectroscopy
journal, March 1991


Time-resolved site-selective imaging of predissociation and charge transfer dynamics: the CH 3 I B-band
journal, October 2020

  • Forbes, Ruaridh; Allum, Felix; Bari, Sadia
  • Journal of Physics B: Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics, Vol. 53, Issue 22
  • DOI: 10.1088/1361-6455/abb1fd

PImMS, a fast event-triggered monolithic pixel detector with storage of multiple timestamps
journal, August 2012


Revealing electronic state-switching at conical intersections in alkyl iodides by ultrafast XUV transient absorption spectroscopy
journal, August 2020