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Title: Methods of photoelectrode characterization with high spatial and temporal resolution

Abstract

Here, materials and photoelectrode architectures that are highly efficient, extremely stable, and made from low cost materials are required for commercially viable photoelectrochemical (PEC) water-splitting technology. A key challenge is the heterogeneous nature of real-world materials, which often possess spatial variation in their crystal structure, morphology, and/or composition at the nano-, micro-, or macro-scale. Different structures and compositions can have vastly different properties and can therefore strongly influence the overall performance of the photoelectrode through complex structure–property relationships. A complete understanding of photoelectrode materials would also involve elucidation of processes such as carrier collection and electrochemical charge transfer that occur at very fast time scales. We present herein an overview of a broad suite of experimental and computational tools that can be used to define the structure–property relationships of photoelectrode materials at small dimensions and on fast time scales. A major focus is on in situ scanning-probe measurement (SPM) techniques that possess the ability to measure differences in optical, electronic, catalytic, and physical properties with nano- or micro-scale spatial resolution. In situ ultrafast spectroscopic techniques, used to probe carrier dynamics involved with processes such as carrier generation, recombination, and interfacial charge transport, are also discussed. Complementing all of these experimentalmore » techniques are computational atomistic modeling tools, which can be invaluable for interpreting experimental results, aiding in materials discovery, and interrogating PEC processes at length and time scales not currently accessible by experiment. In addition to reviewing the basic capabilities of these experimental and computational techniques, we highlight key opportunities and limitations of applying these tools for the development of PEC materials.« less

Authors:
 [1];  [2];  [3];  [3];  [4];  [5];  [6];  [5];  [7];  [3];  [5]
+ Show Author Affiliations
  1. Columbia Univ., New York, NY (United States); National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD (United States)
  2. Drexel Univ., Philadelphia, PA (United States)
  3. California Inst. of Technology (CalTech), Pasadena, CA (United States)
  4. National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD (United States)
  5. Lawrence Livermore National Lab. (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)
  6. Columbia Univ., New York, NY (United States)
  7. Sandia National Lab. (SNL-CA), Livermore, CA (United States)
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States); Energy Frontier Research Centers (EFRC) (United States). Nanostructures for Electrical Energy Storage (NEES)
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE Advanced Research Projects Agency - Energy (ARPA-E); USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES)
OSTI Identifier:
1325882
Report Number(s):
LLNL-JRNL-672059
Journal ID: ISSN 1754-5692; EESNBY
Grant/Contract Number:  
AC52-07NA27344; SC0001160
Resource Type:
Accepted Manuscript
Journal Name:
Energy & Environmental Science
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Volume: 8; Journal Issue: 10; Journal ID: ISSN 1754-5692
Publisher:
Royal Society of Chemistry
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
36 MATERIALS SCIENCE; 77 NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY; 08 HYDROGEN; 14 SOLAR ENERGY; 37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL AND ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY; 75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND SUPERFLUIDITY; photoelectrochemical cells; photoelectrodes; solar fuels; water splitting; scanning-probe microscopy; ultrafast spectroscopy; computational modeling; first-principles modeling; in situ experiments; nanoscale; microscale; materials development; scanning-photocurrent spectroscopy; scanning-electrochemical microscopy; scanning-tunneling microscopy; spectroelectrochemistry; Raman spectroscopy

Citation Formats

Esposito, Daniel V., Baxter, Jason B., John, Jimmy, Lewis, Nathan S., Moffat, Thomas P., Ogitsu, Tadashi, O'Neil, Glen D., Pham, Tuan Anh, Talin, A. Alec, Velazquez, Jesus M., and Wood, Brandon C. Methods of photoelectrode characterization with high spatial and temporal resolution. United States: N. p., 2015. Web. doi:10.1039/C5EE00835B.
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Esposito, Daniel V., Baxter, Jason B., John, Jimmy, Lewis, Nathan S., Moffat, Thomas P., Ogitsu, Tadashi, O'Neil, Glen D., Pham, Tuan Anh, Talin, A. Alec, Velazquez, Jesus M., & Wood, Brandon C. Methods of photoelectrode characterization with high spatial and temporal resolution. United States. https://doi.org/10.1039/C5EE00835B
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Esposito, Daniel V., Baxter, Jason B., John, Jimmy, Lewis, Nathan S., Moffat, Thomas P., Ogitsu, Tadashi, O'Neil, Glen D., Pham, Tuan Anh, Talin, A. Alec, Velazquez, Jesus M., and Wood, Brandon C. Fri . "Methods of photoelectrode characterization with high spatial and temporal resolution". United States. https://doi.org/10.1039/C5EE00835B. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1325882.
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@article{osti_1325882,
title = {Methods of photoelectrode characterization with high spatial and temporal resolution},
author = {Esposito, Daniel V. and Baxter, Jason B. and John, Jimmy and Lewis, Nathan S. and Moffat, Thomas P. and Ogitsu, Tadashi and O'Neil, Glen D. and Pham, Tuan Anh and Talin, A. Alec and Velazquez, Jesus M. and Wood, Brandon C.},
abstractNote = {Here, materials and photoelectrode architectures that are highly efficient, extremely stable, and made from low cost materials are required for commercially viable photoelectrochemical (PEC) water-splitting technology. A key challenge is the heterogeneous nature of real-world materials, which often possess spatial variation in their crystal structure, morphology, and/or composition at the nano-, micro-, or macro-scale. Different structures and compositions can have vastly different properties and can therefore strongly influence the overall performance of the photoelectrode through complex structure–property relationships. A complete understanding of photoelectrode materials would also involve elucidation of processes such as carrier collection and electrochemical charge transfer that occur at very fast time scales. We present herein an overview of a broad suite of experimental and computational tools that can be used to define the structure–property relationships of photoelectrode materials at small dimensions and on fast time scales. A major focus is on in situ scanning-probe measurement (SPM) techniques that possess the ability to measure differences in optical, electronic, catalytic, and physical properties with nano- or micro-scale spatial resolution. In situ ultrafast spectroscopic techniques, used to probe carrier dynamics involved with processes such as carrier generation, recombination, and interfacial charge transport, are also discussed. Complementing all of these experimental techniques are computational atomistic modeling tools, which can be invaluable for interpreting experimental results, aiding in materials discovery, and interrogating PEC processes at length and time scales not currently accessible by experiment. In addition to reviewing the basic capabilities of these experimental and computational techniques, we highlight key opportunities and limitations of applying these tools for the development of PEC materials.},
doi = {10.1039/C5EE00835B},
journal = {Energy & Environmental Science},
number = 10,
volume = 8,
place = {United States},
year = {Fri Jun 19 00:00:00 EDT 2015},
month = {Fri Jun 19 00:00:00 EDT 2015}
}
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