A multi-technique analysis of deuterium trapping and near-surface precipitate growth in plasma-exposed tungsten
Abstract
We examine how deuterium becomes trapped in plasma-exposed tungsten and forms near-surface platelet-shaped precipitates. How these bubbles nucleate and grow, as well as the amount of deuterium trapped within, is crucial for interpreting the experimental database. Here, we use a combined experimental/theoretical approach to provide further insight into the underlying physics. With the Tritium Plasma Experiment, we exposed a series of ITER-gradetungsten samples to high flux D plasmas (up to 1.5 × 1022 m-2 s-1) at temperatures ranging between 103 and 554 °C. Retention of deuterium trapped in the bulk, assessed through thermal desorption spectrometry, reached a maximum at 230 °C and diminished rapidly thereafter for T > 300 °C. Post-mortem examination of the surfaces revealed non-uniform growth of bubbles ranging in diameter between 1 and 10 μm over the surface with a clear correlation with grain boundaries. Electron back-scattering diffraction maps over a large area of the surface confirmed this dependence; grains containing bubbles were aligned with a preferred slip vector along the <111> directions. Focused ion beam profiles suggest that these bubbles nucleated as platelets at depths of 200 nm–1 μm beneath the surface and grew as a result of expansion of sub-surface cracks. Furthermore, to estimate themore »
- Authors:
-
- Sandia National Lab. (SNL-CA), Livermore, CA (United States)
- Idaho National Lab. (INL), Idaho Falls, ID (United States)
- Shizuoka Univ., Shizuoka (Japan)
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- Sandia National Lab. (SNL-CA), Livermore, CA (United States)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE Office of Science (SC), Fusion Energy Sciences (FES) (SC-4); USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA)
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1235305
- Alternate Identifier(s):
- OSTI ID: 1229619
- Report Number(s):
- SAND-2015-6826J
Journal ID: ISSN 0021-8979; 598917
- Grant/Contract Number:
- AC04-94AL85000; AC07-05ID14517
- Resource Type:
- Accepted Manuscript
- Journal Name:
- Journal of Applied Physics
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Volume: 118; Journal Issue: 07; Journal ID: ISSN 0021-8979
- Publisher:
- American Institute of Physics (AIP)
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 36 MATERIALS SCIENCE; 70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY
Citation Formats
Kolasinski, Robert, Shimada, Masashi, Oya, Yasuhisa, Buchenauer, Dean A., Chikada, Takumi, Cowgill, Donald F., Donovan, David, Friddle, Raymond William, Michibayashi, Katsu, and Sato, Misaki. A multi-technique analysis of deuterium trapping and near-surface precipitate growth in plasma-exposed tungsten. United States: N. p., 2015.
Web. doi:10.1063/1.4928184.
Kolasinski, Robert, Shimada, Masashi, Oya, Yasuhisa, Buchenauer, Dean A., Chikada, Takumi, Cowgill, Donald F., Donovan, David, Friddle, Raymond William, Michibayashi, Katsu, & Sato, Misaki. A multi-technique analysis of deuterium trapping and near-surface precipitate growth in plasma-exposed tungsten. United States. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4928184
Kolasinski, Robert, Shimada, Masashi, Oya, Yasuhisa, Buchenauer, Dean A., Chikada, Takumi, Cowgill, Donald F., Donovan, David, Friddle, Raymond William, Michibayashi, Katsu, and Sato, Misaki. Mon .
"A multi-technique analysis of deuterium trapping and near-surface precipitate growth in plasma-exposed tungsten". United States. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4928184. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1235305.
@article{osti_1235305,
title = {A multi-technique analysis of deuterium trapping and near-surface precipitate growth in plasma-exposed tungsten},
author = {Kolasinski, Robert and Shimada, Masashi and Oya, Yasuhisa and Buchenauer, Dean A. and Chikada, Takumi and Cowgill, Donald F. and Donovan, David and Friddle, Raymond William and Michibayashi, Katsu and Sato, Misaki},
abstractNote = {We examine how deuterium becomes trapped in plasma-exposed tungsten and forms near-surface platelet-shaped precipitates. How these bubbles nucleate and grow, as well as the amount of deuterium trapped within, is crucial for interpreting the experimental database. Here, we use a combined experimental/theoretical approach to provide further insight into the underlying physics. With the Tritium Plasma Experiment, we exposed a series of ITER-gradetungsten samples to high flux D plasmas (up to 1.5 × 1022 m-2 s-1) at temperatures ranging between 103 and 554 °C. Retention of deuterium trapped in the bulk, assessed through thermal desorption spectrometry, reached a maximum at 230 °C and diminished rapidly thereafter for T > 300 °C. Post-mortem examination of the surfaces revealed non-uniform growth of bubbles ranging in diameter between 1 and 10 μm over the surface with a clear correlation with grain boundaries. Electron back-scattering diffraction maps over a large area of the surface confirmed this dependence; grains containing bubbles were aligned with a preferred slip vector along the <111> directions. Focused ion beam profiles suggest that these bubbles nucleated as platelets at depths of 200 nm–1 μm beneath the surface and grew as a result of expansion of sub-surface cracks. Furthermore, to estimate the amount of deuterium trapped in these defects relative to other sites within the material, we applied a continuum-scale treatment of hydrogen isotope precipitation. Additionally, we propose a straightforward model of near-surface platelet expansion that reproduces bubble sizes consistent with our measurements. For the tungsten microstructure considered here, we find that bubbles would only weakly affect migration of D into the material, perhaps explaining why deep trapping was observed in prior studies with plasma-exposed neutron-irradiated specimens. We foresee no insurmountable issues that would prevent the theoretical framework developed here from being extended to a broader range of systems where precipitation of insoluble gases in ion beam or plasma-exposed metals is of interest.},
doi = {10.1063/1.4928184},
journal = {Journal of Applied Physics},
number = 07,
volume = 118,
place = {United States},
year = {Mon Aug 17 00:00:00 EDT 2015},
month = {Mon Aug 17 00:00:00 EDT 2015}
}
Web of Science
Works referenced in this record:
Helium Nano-Bubble Evolution in Aging Metal Tritides
journal, August 2005
- Cowgill, Donald F.
- Fusion Science and Technology, Vol. 48, Issue 1
The formation of helium bubbles near the surface and in the bulk in nickel during post-implantation annealing
journal, January 1990
- Chernikov, V. N.; Trinkaus, H.; Jung, P.
- Journal of Nuclear Materials, Vol. 170, Issue 1
Hydrogen isotope retention and recycling in fusion reactor plasma-facing components
journal, February 2002
- Causey, Rion A.
- Journal of Nuclear Materials, Vol. 300, Issue 2-3
Hydrogen in tungsten as plasma-facing material
journal, December 2011
- Roth, Joachim; Schmid, Klaus
- Physica Scripta, Vol. T145
The influence of displacement damage on deuterium retention in tungsten exposed to plasma
journal, September 2009
- Wampler, W. R.; Doerner, R. P.
- Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 49, Issue 11
Deuterium retention and morphological modifications of the surface in five grades of tungsten after deuterium plasma exposure
journal, September 2014
- Balden, M.; Manhard, A.; Elgeti, S.
- Journal of Nuclear Materials, Vol. 452, Issue 1-3
Overview of the TITAN project
journal, August 2012
- Muroga, T.; Sze, D. K.; Okuno, K.
- Fusion Engineering and Design, Vol. 87, Issue 5-6
Development of positron annihilation spectroscopy for investigating deuterium decorated voids in neutron-irradiated tungsten
journal, August 2015
- Taylor, C. N.; Shimada, M.; Merrill, B. J.
- Journal of Nuclear Materials, Vol. 463
Development of positron annihilation spectroscopy for characterizing neutron irradiated tungsten
journal, April 2014
- Taylor, C. N.; Shimada, M.; Merrill, B. J.
- Physica Scripta, Vol. T159
Deuterium trapping at defects created with neutron and ion irradiations in tungsten
journal, May 2013
- Hatano, Y.; Shimada, M.; Otsuka, T.
- Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 53, Issue 7
Irradiation effect on deuterium behaviour in low-dose HFIR neutron-irradiated tungsten
journal, December 2014
- Shimada, Masashi; Cao, G.; Otsuka, T.
- Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 55, Issue 1
Influence of the microstructure on the deuterium retention in tungsten
journal, August 2011
- Manhard, A.; Schmid, K.; Balden, M.
- Journal of Nuclear Materials, Vol. 415, Issue 1
Hydrogen bubbles in metals
journal, December 1993
- Condon, J. B.; Schober, T.
- Journal of Nuclear Materials, Vol. 207
Hydrogen exchange with voids in tungsten observed with TDS and PA
journal, July 1988
- Van Veen, A.; Filius, H. A.; De Vries, J.
- Journal of Nuclear Materials, Vol. 155-157
Microstructure dependence of deuterium retention and blistering in the near-surface region of tungsten exposed to high flux deuterium plasmas of 38 eV at 315 K
journal, March 2007
- Shu, W. M.; Kawasuso, A.; Miwa, Y.
- Physica Scripta, Vol. T128
Observations of suppressed retention and blistering for tungsten exposed to deuterium–helium mixture plasmas
journal, May 2009
- Miyamoto, M.; Nishijima, D.; Ueda, Y.
- Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 49, Issue 6
Subsurface morphology changes due to deuterium bombardment of tungsten
journal, December 2009
- Lindig, S.; Balden, M.; Kh Alimov, V.
- Physica Scripta, Vol. T138
Sub-surface structures of ITER-grade W (Japan) and re-crystallized W after ITER-similar low-energy and high-flux D plasma loadings
journal, December 2011
- Lindig, S.; Balden, M.; Alimov, V. Kh
- Physica Scripta, Vol. T145
D2 gas-filled blisters on deuterium-bombarded tungsten
journal, July 2011
- Balden, Martin; Lindig, Stefan; Manhard, Armin
- Journal of Nuclear Materials, Vol. 414, Issue 1
Fusion materials modeling: Challenges and opportunities
journal, March 2011
- Wirth, B. D.; Nordlund, K.; Whyte, D. G.
- MRS Bulletin, Vol. 36, Issue 3
Tritium plasma experiment: Parameters and potentials for fusion plasma-wall interaction studies
journal, August 2011
- Shimada, Masashi; Kolasinski, Robert D.; Sharpe, J. Phillip
- Review of Scientific Instruments, Vol. 82, Issue 8
Development of a plasma driven permeation experiment for TPE
journal, October 2014
- Buchenauer, Dean; Kolasinski, Robert; Shimada, Masa
- Fusion Engineering and Design, Vol. 89, Issue 7-8
Temperature dependence of surface topography and deuterium retention in tungsten exposed to low-energy, high-flux D plasma
journal, October 2011
- Alimov, V. Kh.; Shu, W. M.; Roth, J.
- Journal of Nuclear Materials, Vol. 417, Issue 1-3
Behavior of tungsten exposed to high fluences of low energy hydrogen isotopes
journal, March 2001
- Venhaus, T.; Causey, R.; Doerner, R.
- Journal of Nuclear Materials, Vol. 290-293
Characterization of surface morphology and retention in tungsten materials exposed to high fluxes of deuterium ions in the tritium plasma experiment
journal, December 2009
- Kolasinski, R. D.; Shimada, M.; Buchenauer, D. A.
- Physica Scripta, Vol. T138
On the origin of logarithmic-normal distributions: An analytical derivation, and its application to nucleation and growth processes
journal, June 2008
- Bergmann, Ralf B.; Bill, Andreas
- Journal of Crystal Growth, Vol. 310, Issue 13
Effect of crystal orientation on low flux helium and hydrogen ion irradiation in polycrystalline tungsten
journal, August 2014
- Liu, Fangshu; Ren, Haitao; Peng, Shixiang
- Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms, Vol. 333
Impacts of carbon impurities in hydrogen plasmas on tungsten blistering
journal, December 2003
- Ueda, Y.; Shimada, T.; Nishikawa, M.
- Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 44, Issue 1
Fracture mechanics of a new blister test with stable crack growth
journal, November 1995
- Wan, Kai-Tak; Mai, Yiu-Wing
- Acta Metallurgica et Materialia, Vol. 43, Issue 11
Equation of state of solid hydrogen and deuterium from single-crystal x-ray diffraction to 26.5 GPa
journal, October 1990
- Hemley, R. J.; Mao, H. K.; Finger, L. W.
- Physical Review B, Vol. 42, Issue 10, p. 6458-6470
Equation of state of fluid n-D2 from P–V–T and ultrasonic velocity measurements to 20 kbar
journal, January 1978
- Mills, R. L.; Liebenberg, D. H.; Bronson, J. C.
- The Journal of Chemical Physics, Vol. 68, Issue 6
Permeability, solubility and diffusivity of hydrogen isotopes in stainless steels at high gas pressures
journal, January 2007
- Marchi, C.; Somerday, B.; Robinson, S.
- International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, Vol. 32, Issue 1
Useful equations of state of hydrogen and deuterium
journal, January 2002
- Tkacz, M.; Litwiniuk, A.
- Journal of Alloys and Compounds, Vol. 330-332
A continuum-scale model of hydrogen precipitate growth in tungsten plasma-facing materials
journal, August 2011
- Kolasinski, R. D.; Cowgill, D. F.; Causey, R. A.
- Journal of Nuclear Materials, Vol. 415, Issue 1
Theory of diffusion-limited precipitation
journal, September 1958
- Ham, Frank S.
- Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids, Vol. 6, Issue 4
A simple theory for maximum h inventory and release: A new transport parameter
journal, November 1982
- Doyle, B. L.
- Journal of Nuclear Materials, Vol. 111-112
Solution and Diffusion of Hydrogen in Tungsten
journal, May 1969
- Frauenfelder, R.
- Journal of Vacuum Science and Technology, Vol. 6, Issue 3
Deuterium interaction with impurities in tungsten studied with TDS
journal, September 1992
- Eleveld, H.; van Veen, A.
- Journal of Nuclear Materials, Vol. 191-194
Energetics and formation kinetics of helium bubbles in metals
journal, January 1983
- Trinkaus, H.
- Radiation Effects, Vol. 78, Issue 1-4
Difference in formation of hydrogen and helium clusters in tungsten
journal, October 2005
- Henriksson, K. O. E.; Nordlund, K.; Krasheninnikov, A.
- Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 87, Issue 16
Blistering and re-deposition on tungsten exposed to ASDEX Upgrade divertor plasma
journal, July 2013
- Balden, M.; Rohde, V.; Lindig, S.
- Journal of Nuclear Materials, Vol. 438
Works referencing / citing this record:
$\langle 0\,0\,{\rm 1}\rangle $ edge dislocation nucleation mechanism of surface blistering in tungsten exposed to deuterium plasma
journal, December 2018
- Guo, Wangguo; Ge, Lin; Yuan, Yue
- Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 59, Issue 2