Characterization of deuterium clusters mixed with helium gas for an application in beam-target-fusion experiments
Abstract
We measured the average deuterium cluster size within a mixture of deuterium clusters and helium gas by detecting Rayleigh scattering signals. The average cluster size from the gas mixture was comparable to that from a pure deuterium gas when the total backing pressure and temperature of the gas mixture were the same as those of the pure deuterium gas. According to these measurements, the average size of deuterium clusters depends on the total pressure and not the partial pressure of deuterium in the gas mixture. To characterize the cluster source size further, a Faraday cup was used to measure the average kinetic energy of the ions resulting from Coulomb explosion of deuterium clusters upon irradiation by an intense ultrashort pulse. The deuterium ions indeed acquired a similar amount of energy from the mixture target, corroborating our measurements of the average cluster size. As the addition of helium atoms did not reduce the resulting ion kinetic energies, the reported results confirm the utility of using a known cluster source for beam-target-fusion experiments by introducing a secondary target gas.
- Authors:
-
- Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)
- Univ. of Texas, Austin, TX (United States)
- Texas A & M Univ., College Station, TX (United States)
- Texas A & M Univ., College Station, TX (United States); LNS-INFN, Catania (Italy)
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA)USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES) (SC-22); USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA); USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES)
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1215510
- Alternate Identifier(s):
- OSTI ID: 1181409
- Report Number(s):
- LA-UR-14-26827
Journal ID: ISSN 1539-3755; PLEEE8
- Grant/Contract Number:
- FC52-08NA28512; AC52-06NA25396; FG03-93ER40773; A0330
- Resource Type:
- Accepted Manuscript
- Journal Name:
- Physical Review. E, Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Volume: 90; Journal Issue: 6; Journal ID: ISSN 1539-3755
- Publisher:
- American Physical Society (APS)
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY; laser cluster fusion; cluster size; Rayleigh scattering; plasma
Citation Formats
Bang, W., Quevedo, H. J., Bernstein, A. C., Dyer, G., Ihn, Y. S., Cortez, J., Aymond, F., Gaul, E., Donovan, M. E., Barbui, M., Bonasera, A., Natowitz, J. B., Albright, B. J., Fernández, J. C., and Ditmire, T. Characterization of deuterium clusters mixed with helium gas for an application in beam-target-fusion experiments. United States: N. p., 2014.
Web. doi:10.1103/PhysRevE.90.063109.
Bang, W., Quevedo, H. J., Bernstein, A. C., Dyer, G., Ihn, Y. S., Cortez, J., Aymond, F., Gaul, E., Donovan, M. E., Barbui, M., Bonasera, A., Natowitz, J. B., Albright, B. J., Fernández, J. C., & Ditmire, T. Characterization of deuterium clusters mixed with helium gas for an application in beam-target-fusion experiments. United States. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.90.063109
Bang, W., Quevedo, H. J., Bernstein, A. C., Dyer, G., Ihn, Y. S., Cortez, J., Aymond, F., Gaul, E., Donovan, M. E., Barbui, M., Bonasera, A., Natowitz, J. B., Albright, B. J., Fernández, J. C., and Ditmire, T. Wed .
"Characterization of deuterium clusters mixed with helium gas for an application in beam-target-fusion experiments". United States. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.90.063109. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1215510.
@article{osti_1215510,
title = {Characterization of deuterium clusters mixed with helium gas for an application in beam-target-fusion experiments},
author = {Bang, W. and Quevedo, H. J. and Bernstein, A. C. and Dyer, G. and Ihn, Y. S. and Cortez, J. and Aymond, F. and Gaul, E. and Donovan, M. E. and Barbui, M. and Bonasera, A. and Natowitz, J. B. and Albright, B. J. and Fernández, J. C. and Ditmire, T.},
abstractNote = {We measured the average deuterium cluster size within a mixture of deuterium clusters and helium gas by detecting Rayleigh scattering signals. The average cluster size from the gas mixture was comparable to that from a pure deuterium gas when the total backing pressure and temperature of the gas mixture were the same as those of the pure deuterium gas. According to these measurements, the average size of deuterium clusters depends on the total pressure and not the partial pressure of deuterium in the gas mixture. To characterize the cluster source size further, a Faraday cup was used to measure the average kinetic energy of the ions resulting from Coulomb explosion of deuterium clusters upon irradiation by an intense ultrashort pulse. The deuterium ions indeed acquired a similar amount of energy from the mixture target, corroborating our measurements of the average cluster size. As the addition of helium atoms did not reduce the resulting ion kinetic energies, the reported results confirm the utility of using a known cluster source for beam-target-fusion experiments by introducing a secondary target gas.},
doi = {10.1103/PhysRevE.90.063109},
journal = {Physical Review. E, Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics},
number = 6,
volume = 90,
place = {United States},
year = {Wed Dec 10 00:00:00 EST 2014},
month = {Wed Dec 10 00:00:00 EST 2014}
}
Web of Science
Works referenced in this record:
Gas-Phase Clusters: Spanning the States of Matter
journal, July 1988
- Castleman, A. W.; Keesee, R. G.
- Science, Vol. 241, Issue 4861
Interaction of intense laser pulses with atomic clusters
journal, May 1996
- Ditmire, T.; Donnelly, T.; Rubenchik, A. M.
- Physical Review A, Vol. 53, Issue 5
Laser-driven nonlinear cluster dynamics
journal, June 2010
- Fennel, Th.; Meiwes-Broer, K. -H.; Tiggesbäumker, J.
- Reviews of Modern Physics, Vol. 82, Issue 2
Energy Increase in Multi-MeV Ion Acceleration in the Interaction of a Short Pulse Laser with a Cluster-Gas Target
journal, October 2009
- Fukuda, Y.; Faenov, A. Ya.; Tampo, M.
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 103, Issue 16
A compact laser-driven plasma accelerator for megaelectronvolt-energy neutral atoms
journal, January 2013
- Rajeev, R.; Madhu Trivikram, T.; Rishad, K. P. M.
- Nature Physics, Vol. 9, Issue 3
Coulomb explosion of hydrogen clusters irradiated by an ultrashort intense laser pulse
journal, August 2006
- Li, Hongyu; Liu, Jiansheng; Wang, Cheng
- Physical Review A, Vol. 74, Issue 2
Cluster beams in the super-intense femtosecond laser pulse
journal, November 2002
- Krainov, V. P.; Smirnov, M. B.
- Physics Reports, Vol. 370, Issue 3
High energy ions and nuclear fusion in laser–cluster interaction
journal, February 2002
- Kishimoto, Y.; Masaki, T.; Tajima, T.
- Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 9, Issue 2
Nuclear fusion from explosions of femtosecond laser-heated deuterium clusters
journal, April 1999
- Ditmire, T.; Zweiback, J.; Yanovsky, V. P.
- Nature, Vol. 398, Issue 6727
Nuclear Fusion Driven by Coulomb Explosions of Large Deuterium Clusters
journal, March 2000
- Zweiback, J.; Smith, R. A.; Cowan, T. E.
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 84, Issue 12
Detailed study of nuclear fusion from femtosecond laser-driven explosions of deuterium clusters
journal, July 2002
- Zweiback, J.; Cowan, T. E.; Hartley, J. H.
- Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 9, Issue 7
Nuclear Fusion induced by Coulomb Explosion of Heteronuclear Clusters
journal, June 2001
- Last, Isidore; Jortner, Joshua
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 87, Issue 3
Deuterium-Deuterium Fusion Dynamics in Low-Density Molecular-Cluster Jets Irradiated by Intense Ultrafast Laser Pulses
journal, July 2002
- Grillon, G.; Balcou, Ph.; Chambaret, J. - P.
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 89, Issue 6
Dynamics and Control of Shock Shells in the Coulomb Explosion of Very Large Deuterium Clusters
journal, January 2005
- Peano, F.; Fonseca, R. A.; Silva, L. O.
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 94, Issue 3
Fusion neutron yield from high intensity laser-cluster interaction
journal, June 2006
- Davis, J.; Petrov, G. M.; Velikovich, A. L.
- Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 13, Issue 6
Optimization of the neutron yield in fusion plasmas produced by Coulomb explosions of deuterium clusters irradiated by a petawatt laser
journal, February 2013
- Bang, W.; Dyer, G.; Quevedo, H. J.
- Physical Review E, Vol. 87, Issue 2
Efficient fusion neutron generation from heteronuclear clusters in intense femtosecond laser fields
journal, November 2009
- Lu, H. Y.; Liu, J. S.; Wang, C.
- Physical Review A, Vol. 80, Issue 5
Model of neutron-production rates from femtosecond-laser–cluster interactions
journal, May 2001
- Parks, P. B.; Cowan, T. E.; Stephens, R. B.
- Physical Review A, Vol. 63, Issue 6
Cluster-size distribution effects in laser-cluster interaction experiments
journal, October 2001
- Mendham, K. J.; Hay, N.; Mason, M. B.
- Physical Review A, Vol. 64, Issue 5
Fusion neutron and ion emission from deuterium and deuterated methane cluster plasmas
journal, January 2004
- Madison, K. W.; Patel, P. K.; Price, D.
- Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 11, Issue 1
Improved formulas for fusion cross-sections and thermal reactivities
journal, April 1992
- Bosch, H. -S; Hale, G. M.
- Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 32, Issue 4
Cluster Formation in Expanding Supersonic Jets: Effect of Pressure, Temperature, Nozzle Size, and Test Gas
journal, March 1972
- Hagena, O. F.; Obert, W.
- The Journal of Chemical Physics, Vol. 56, Issue 5
Spatial distribution of cluster size and density in supersonic jets as targets for intense laser pulses
journal, August 2003
- Dorchies, F.; Blasco, F.; Caillaud, T.
- Physical Review A, Vol. 68, Issue 2
Production of large hydrogen clusters in condensed molecular beams
journal, November 1972
- Klingelhöfer, R.; Moser, H. O.
- Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 43, Issue 11
Mean cluster size by Rayleigh scattering
journal, June 1993
- Bell, A. J.; Mestdagh, J. M.; Berlande, J.
- Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, Vol. 26, Issue 6
Characterization of a cryogenically cooled high-pressure gas jet for laser/cluster interaction experiments
journal, November 1998
- Smith, R. A.; Ditmire, T.; Tisch, J. W. G.
- Review of Scientific Instruments, Vol. 69, Issue 11
Size Estimation and Time Evolution of Large Size Rare Gas Clusters by Rayleigh Scattering Techniques
journal, April 2002
- Bing-Chen, Liu; Pin-Pin, Zhu; Zhao-Hui, Li
- Chinese Physics Letters, Vol. 19, Issue 5
Measurement of the average size and density of clusters in a gas jet
journal, October 2003
- Kim, K. Y.; Kumarappan, V.; Milchberg, H. M.
- Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 83, Issue 15
An experimental investigation on the performance of conical nozzles for argon cluster formation in supersonic jets
journal, March 2010
- Lu, Haiyang; Ni, Guoquan; Li, Ruxin
- The Journal of Chemical Physics, Vol. 132, Issue 12
Experimental investigation on argon cluster sizes for conical nozzles with different opening angles
journal, September 2010
- Chen, Guanglong; Kim, Byunghoon; Ahn, Byungnam
- Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 108, Issue 6
Generation and structure of extremely large clusters in pulsed jets
journal, July 2014
- Rupp, Daniela; Adolph, Marcus; Flückiger, Leonie
- The Journal of Chemical Physics, Vol. 141, Issue 4
All-optical characterization of cryogenically cooled argon clusters in continuous gas jets
journal, July 2014
- Jang, D. G.; You, Y. S.; Milchberg, H. M.
- Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 105, Issue 2
Characterization of cluster/monomer ratio in pulsed supersonic gas jets
journal, February 2012
- Gao, X.; Wang, X.; Shim, B.
- Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 100, Issue 6
Spatio-temporal profiling of cluster mass fraction in a pulsed supersonic gas jet by frequency-domain holography
journal, July 2013
- Gao, Xiaohui; Arefiev, Alexey V.; Korzekwa, Richard C.
- Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 114, Issue 3
Variable surface composition and radial interface formation in self-assembled free, mixed Ar∕Xe clusters
journal, March 2004
- Tchaplyguine, M.; Lundwall, M.; Gisselbrecht, M.
- Physical Review A, Vol. 69, Issue 3
Phase separation into pure components in mixed Ar-Xe clusters
journal, November 2006
- Danylchenko, O. G.; Doronin, Yu. S.; Kovalenko, S. I.
- JETP Letters, Vol. 84, Issue 6
Large CO 2 clusters studied by infrared spectroscopy and light scattering
journal, August 1993
- Disselkamp, Robert; Ewing, George E.
- The Journal of Chemical Physics, Vol. 99, Issue 4
Methane-hydrogen mixtures as fuels
journal, July 1996
- Karim, G.
- International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, Vol. 21, Issue 7
Plasma etching of Si and SiO 2 in SF 6 –O 2 mixtures
journal, January 1981
- d’Agostino, Riccardo; Flamm, Daniel L.
- Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 52, Issue 1
Temperature Measurements of Fusion Plasmas Produced by Petawatt-Laser-Irradiated or Clustering Gases
journal, July 2013
- Bang, W.; Barbui, M.; Bonasera, A.
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 111, Issue 5
Experimental study of fusion neutron and proton yields produced by petawatt-laser-irradiated D - He or CD - He clustering gases
journal, September 2013
- Bang, W.; Barbui, M.; Bonasera, A.
- Physical Review E, Vol. 88, Issue 3
Measurement of the Plasma Astrophysical Factor for the Reaction in Exploding Molecular Clusters
journal, August 2013
- Barbui, M.; Bang, W.; Bonasera, A.
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 111, Issue 8
Demonstration of a 11 petawatt laser based on a hybrid optical parametric chirped pulse amplification/mixed Nd:glass amplifier
journal, January 2010
- Gaul, Erhard W.; Martinez, Mikael; Blakeney, Joel
- Applied Optics, Vol. 49, Issue 9
Optimum laser intensity for the production of energetic deuterium ions from laser-cluster interaction
journal, September 2013
- Bang, W.; Dyer, G.; Quevedo, H. J.
- Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 20, Issue 9
Laser Rayleigh scattering
journal, April 2001
- Miles, Richard B.; Lempert, Walter R.; Forkey, Joseph N.
- Measurement Science and Technology, Vol. 12, Issue 5
Self-consistent measurement of the equation of state of liquid deuterium
journal, March 2012
- Falk, K.; Regan, S. P.; Vorberger, J.
- High Energy Density Physics, Vol. 8, Issue 1
Fluorescence excitation spectroscopy of xenon clusters in the VUV
journal, July 1989
- Wörmer, J.; Guzielski, V.; Stapelfeldt, J.
- Chemical Physics Letters, Vol. 159, Issue 4
Mass spectra and time‐of‐flight distributions of helium cluster beams
journal, June 1990
- Buchenau, H.; Knuth, E. L.; Northby, J.
- The Journal of Chemical Physics, Vol. 92, Issue 11
Cluster ion sources (invited)
journal, April 1992
- Hagena, Otto F.
- Review of Scientific Instruments, Vol. 63, Issue 4