Title: Traversable wormhole dynamics on a quantum processor

Abstract

The holographic principle, theorized to be a property of quantum gravity, postulates that the description of a volume of space can be encoded on a lower-dimensional boundary. The anti-de Sitter (AdS)/conformal field theory correspondence or duality is the principal example of holography. The Sachdev–Ye–Kitaev (SYK) model of N >> 1 Majorana fermions has features suggesting the existence of a gravitational dual in AdS₂, and is a new realization of holography. Here, we invoke the holographic correspondence of the SYK many-body system and gravity to probe the conjectured ER=EPR relation between entanglement and spacetime geometry through the traversable wormhole mechanism as implemented in the SYK model. A qubit can be used to probe the SYK traversable wormhole dynamics through the corresponding teleportation protocol. This can be realized as a quantum circuit, equivalent to the gravitational picture in the semiclassical limit of an infinite number of qubits. Here we use learning techniques to construct a sparsified SYK model that we experimentally realize with 164 two-qubit gates on a nine-qubit circuit and observe the corresponding traversable wormhole dynamics. Despite its approximate nature, the sparsified SYK model preserves key properties of the traversable wormhole physics: perfect size winding, coupling on either side of themore » wormhole that is consistent with a negative energy shockwave, a Shapiro time delay, causal time-order of signals emerging from the wormhole, and scrambling and thermalization dynamics. Our experiment was run on the Google Sycamore processor. By interrogating a two-dimensional gravity dual system, our work represents a step towards a program for studying quantum gravity in the laboratory. Future developments will require improved hardware scalability and performance as well as theoretical developments including higher-dimensional quantum gravity duals and other SYK-like models.« less

Authors:

Jafferis, Daniel  ^[1];

• Search DOE PAGES for author "Jafferis, Daniel"
• Search DOE PAGES for ORCID "0000-0002-9754-8907"

Zlokapa, Alexander  ^[2];

• Search DOE PAGES for author "Zlokapa, Alexander"
• Search DOE PAGES for ORCID "0000-0002-4153-8646"

Lykken, Joseph D.  ^[3];

• Search DOE PAGES for author "Lykken, Joseph D."
• Search DOE PAGES for ORCID "0000-0002-0090-9439"

Kolchmeyer, David K. ^[1]; Davis, Samantha I. ^[4]; Lauk, Nikolai ^[4]; Neven, Hartmut  ^[5];

• Search DOE PAGES for author "Neven, Hartmut"
• Search DOE PAGES for ORCID "0000-0002-9681-6746"

Spiropulu, Maria  ^[4]

• Search DOE PAGES for author "Spiropulu, Maria"
• Search DOE PAGES for ORCID "0000-0001-8172-7081"

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+ Show Author Affiliations

1. Harvard Univ., Cambridge, MA (United States)
2. Massachusetts Inst. of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA (United States); California Institute of Technology (CalTech), Pasadena, CA (United States); Google Quantum AI, Venice, CA (United States)
3. Fermi National Accelerator Lab. (FNAL), Batavia, IL (United States)
4. California Institute of Technology (CalTech), Pasadena, CA (United States)
5. Google Quantum AI, Venice, CA (United States)

Publication Date:

Wed Nov 30 00:00:00 EST 2022

Research Org.:

Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, IL (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:

USDOE Office of Science (SC), High Energy Physics (HEP)

OSTI Identifier:

1973600

Report Number(s):

FERMILAB-PUB-22-887-QIS
Journal ID: ISSN 0028-0836; oai:inspirehep.net:2605741

Grant/Contract Number:  

AC02-07CH11359; SC0019219

Resource Type:

Accepted Manuscript

Journal Name:

Nature (London)

Additional Journal Information:

Journal Name: Nature (London); Journal Volume: 612; Journal Issue: 7938; Journal ID: ISSN 0028-0836

Publisher:

Nature Publishing Group

Country of Publication:

United States

Language:

English

Subject:

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSICS; Computer science; Quantum physics; Technology