Multisystem Bayesian constraints on the transport coefficients of QCD matter

Everett, D.; Ke, W.; Paquet, J. -F.; Vujanovic, G.; Bass, S. A.; Du, L.; Gale, C.; Heffernan, M.; Heinz, U.; Liyanage, D.; Luzum, M.; Majumder, A.; McNelis, M.; Shen, C.; Xu, Y.; Angerami, A.; Cao, S.; Chen, Y.; Coleman, J.; Cunqueiro, L.; Dai, T.; Ehlers, R.; Elfner, H.; Fan, W.; Fries, R. J.; Garza, F.; He, Y.; Jacak, B. V.; Jacobs, P. M.; Jeon, S.; Kim, B.; Kordell, M.; Kumar, A.; Mak, S.; Mulligan, J.; Nattrass, C.; Oliinychenko, D.; Park, C.; Putschke, J. H.; Roland, G.; Schenke, B.; Schwiebert, L.; Silva, A.; Sirimanna, C.; Soltz, R. A.; Tachibana, Y.; Wang, X. -N.; Wolpert, R. L.

doi:10.1103/PhysRevC.103.054904

Title: Multisystem Bayesian constraints on the transport coefficients of QCD matter

Abstract

We study the properties of the strongly coupled quark-gluon plasma with a multistage model of heavy-ion collisions that combines the T_RENTo initial condition ansatz, free-streaming, viscous relativistic hydrodynamics, and a relativistic hadronic transport. A model-to-data comparison with Bayesian inference is performed, revisiting assumptions made in previous studies. The role of parameter priors is studied in light of their importance for the interpretation of results. We emphasize the use of closure tests to perform extensive validation of the analysis workflow before comparison with observations. Our study combines measurements from the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) and the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC), achieving a good simultaneous description of a wide range of hadronic observables from both colliders. The selected experimental data provide reasonable constraints on the shear and the bulk viscosities of the quark-gluon plasma at T ≈ 150–250 MeV, but their constraining power degrades at higher temperatures, T ≳ 250 MeV. Furthermore, these viscosity constraints are found to depend significantly on how viscous corrections are handled in the transition from hydrodynamics to the hadronic transport. Several other model parameters, including the free-streaming time, show similar model sensitivity, while the initial condition parameters associated with the T_RENTo ansatz are quite robust againstmore »« less

Authors:

; Ke, W.; Paquet, J. -F.; Vujanovic, G.; Bass, S. A.; Du, L.; Gale, C.; Heffernan, M.; Heinz, U.; Liyanage, D.; Luzum, M.; Majumder, A.; McNelis, M.; Shen, C.; Xu, Y.; Angerami, A.; Cao, S.; Chen, Y.; Coleman, J.; Cunqueiro, L. more »

Publication Date:: Fri May 14 00:00:00 EDT 2021

Research Org.:: Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, NY (United States); Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States); Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States); Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Nuclear Physics (NP); USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA); USDOE Office of Science (SC), High Energy Physics (HEP)

Contributing Org.:: JETSCAPE Collaboration

OSTI Identifier:: 1782989

Alternate Identifier(s):: OSTI ID: 1805275; OSTI ID: 1830636; OSTI ID: 1885102

Report Number(s):: BNL-221738-2021-JAAM; LLNL-JRNL-826819
Journal ID: ISSN 2469-9985; PRVCAN; 054904

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-05CH11231; AC52-07NA27344; SC0013460; SC0004286; SC0012704; FG02-92ER40713; FG02-05ER41367

Resource Type:: Published Article

Journal Name:: Physical Review C

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Name: Physical Review C Journal Volume: 103 Journal Issue: 5; Journal ID: ISSN 2469-9985

Publisher:: American Physical Society

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS; 72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS; Collective flow; Equations of state of nuclear matter; Particle & resonance production; Particle correlations & fluctuations; Quark-gluon plasma; Relativistic heavy-ion collisions; Bayesian methods; collective flow; equations of state of nuclear matter; particle & resonance production; particle correlations & fluctuations; quark-gluon plasma; relativistic heavy-ion collisions

Citation Formats


                    Everett, D., Ke, W., Paquet, J. -F., Vujanovic, G., Bass, S. A., Du, L., Gale, C., Heffernan, M., Heinz, U., Liyanage, D., Luzum, M., Majumder, A., McNelis, M., Shen, C., Xu, Y., Angerami, A., Cao, S., Chen, Y., Coleman, J., Cunqueiro, L., Dai, T., Ehlers, R., Elfner, H., Fan, W., Fries, R. J., Garza, F., He, Y., Jacak, B. V., Jacobs, P. M., Jeon, S., Kim, B., Kordell, M., Kumar, A., Mak, S., Mulligan, J., Nattrass, C., Oliinychenko, D., Park, C., Putschke, J. H., Roland, G., Schenke, B., Schwiebert, L., Silva, A., Sirimanna, C., Soltz, R. A., Tachibana, Y., Wang, X. -N., Wolpert, R. L., and JETSCAPE Collaboration. Multisystem Bayesian constraints on the transport coefficients of QCD matter.  United States: N. p., 2021. 
Web.  doi:10.1103/PhysRevC.103.054904.

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                    Everett, D., Ke, W., Paquet, J. -F., Vujanovic, G., Bass, S. A., Du, L., Gale, C., Heffernan, M., Heinz, U., Liyanage, D., Luzum, M., Majumder, A., McNelis, M., Shen, C., Xu, Y., Angerami, A., Cao, S., Chen, Y., Coleman, J., Cunqueiro, L., Dai, T., Ehlers, R., Elfner, H., Fan, W., Fries, R. J., Garza, F., He, Y., Jacak, B. V., Jacobs, P. M., Jeon, S., Kim, B., Kordell, M., Kumar, A., Mak, S., Mulligan, J., Nattrass, C., Oliinychenko, D., Park, C., Putschke, J. H., Roland, G., Schenke, B., Schwiebert, L., Silva, A., Sirimanna, C., Soltz, R. A., Tachibana, Y., Wang, X. -N., Wolpert, R. L., & JETSCAPE Collaboration. Multisystem Bayesian constraints on the transport coefficients of QCD matter.  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.103.054904

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                    Everett, D., Ke, W., Paquet, J. -F., Vujanovic, G., Bass, S. A., Du, L., Gale, C., Heffernan, M., Heinz, U., Liyanage, D., Luzum, M., Majumder, A., McNelis, M., Shen, C., Xu, Y., Angerami, A., Cao, S., Chen, Y., Coleman, J., Cunqueiro, L., Dai, T., Ehlers, R., Elfner, H., Fan, W., Fries, R. J., Garza, F., He, Y., Jacak, B. V., Jacobs, P. M., Jeon, S., Kim, B., Kordell, M., Kumar, A., Mak, S., Mulligan, J., Nattrass, C., Oliinychenko, D., Park, C., Putschke, J. H., Roland, G., Schenke, B., Schwiebert, L., Silva, A., Sirimanna, C., Soltz, R. A., Tachibana, Y., Wang, X. -N., Wolpert, R. L., and JETSCAPE Collaboration. Fri .  
"Multisystem Bayesian constraints on the transport coefficients of QCD matter".  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.103.054904.

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@article{osti_1782989,

  title        = {Multisystem Bayesian constraints on the transport coefficients of QCD matter},

  author       = {Everett, D. and Ke, W. and Paquet, J. -F. and Vujanovic, G. and Bass, S. A. and Du, L. and Gale, C. and Heffernan, M. and Heinz, U. and Liyanage, D. and Luzum, M. and Majumder, A. and McNelis, M. and Shen, C. and Xu, Y. and Angerami, A. and Cao, S. and Chen, Y. and Coleman, J. and Cunqueiro, L. and Dai, T. and Ehlers, R. and Elfner, H. and Fan, W. and Fries, R. J. and Garza, F. and He, Y. and Jacak, B. V. and Jacobs, P. M. and Jeon, S. and Kim, B. and Kordell, M. and Kumar, A. and Mak, S. and Mulligan, J. and Nattrass, C. and Oliinychenko, D. and Park, C. and Putschke, J. H. and Roland, G. and Schenke, B. and Schwiebert, L. and Silva, A. and Sirimanna, C. and Soltz, R. A. and Tachibana, Y. and Wang, X. -N. and Wolpert, R. L. and JETSCAPE Collaboration},

  abstractNote = {We study the properties of the strongly coupled quark-gluon plasma with a multistage model of heavy-ion collisions that combines the TRENTo initial condition ansatz, free-streaming, viscous relativistic hydrodynamics, and a relativistic hadronic transport. A model-to-data comparison with Bayesian inference is performed, revisiting assumptions made in previous studies. The role of parameter priors is studied in light of their importance for the interpretation of results. We emphasize the use of closure tests to perform extensive validation of the analysis workflow before comparison with observations. Our study combines measurements from the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) and the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC), achieving a good simultaneous description of a wide range of hadronic observables from both colliders. The selected experimental data provide reasonable constraints on the shear and the bulk viscosities of the quark-gluon plasma at T ≈ 150–250 MeV, but their constraining power degrades at higher temperatures, T ≳ 250 MeV. Furthermore, these viscosity constraints are found to depend significantly on how viscous corrections are handled in the transition from hydrodynamics to the hadronic transport. Several other model parameters, including the free-streaming time, show similar model sensitivity, while the initial condition parameters associated with the TRENTo ansatz are quite robust against variations of the particlization prescription. We also report on the sensitivity of individual observables to the various model parameters. Finally, Bayesian model selection is used to quantitatively compare the agreement with measurements for different sets of model assumptions, including different particlization models and different choices for which parameters are allowed to vary between RHIC and LHC energies.},

  doi          = {10.1103/PhysRevC.103.054904},

  journal      = {Physical Review C},

  number       = 5,

  volume       = 103,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {Fri May 14 00:00:00 EDT 2021},

  month        = {Fri May 14 00:00:00 EDT 2021}

}

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Title: Multisystem Bayesian constraints on the transport coefficients of QCD matter

Abstract

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Event-by-event fluctuations in a perturbative QCD + saturation + hydrodynamics model: Determining QCD matter shear viscosity in ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions journal, February 2016

Particlization in hybrid models journal, November 2012

Glauber Modeling in High-Energy Nuclear Collisions journal, November 2007

Third harmonic flow of charged particles in Au + Au collisions at s NN = 200 GeV journal, July 2013

Determining fundamental properties of matter created in ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions journal, March 2014

Bayesian evidence as a tool for comparing datasets journal, March 2006

Nonlinear fluid dynamics from gravity journal, February 2008

Free-streaming approximation in early dynamics of relativistic heavy-ion collisions journal, September 2009

Derivation of anisotropic dissipative fluid dynamics from the Boltzmann equation journal, June 2016

Hard probes of non-equilibrium quark-gluon plasma journal, January 2021

Universal properties of bulk viscosity near the QCD phase transition journal, May 2008

Conformal relativistic viscous hydrodynamics: Applications to RHIC results at s NN = 200 GeV journal, September 2008

Leading-order anisotropic hydrodynamics for systems with massive particles journal, May 2014

Choosing the Sample Size of a Computer Experiment: A Practical Guide journal, November 2009

Hydrodynamic Modeling of Heavy-Ion Collisions journal, April 2013

New High-Resolution Central Schemes for Nonlinear Conservation Laws and Convection–Diffusion Equations journal, May 2000

Centrality Dependence of the Charged-Particle Multiplicity Density at Midrapidity in Pb-Pb Collisions at s NN = 2.76 TeV journal, January 2011

Spectra and elliptic flow for identified hadrons in 2.76 A TeV Pb + Pb collisions journal, March 2014

Bayesian Experimental Design: A Review journal, August 1995

Dynamics of hot bulk QCD matter: From the quark-gluon plasma to hadronic freeze-out journal, May 2000

Primordial hadrosynthesis in the little bang journal, December 1999

Relativistic viscous hydrodynamics, conformal invariance, and holography journal, April 2008

Transport coefficients of bulk viscous pressure in the 14-moment approximation
journal, August 2014

Constraining the initial state granularity with bulk observables in Au+Au collisions at \sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}=200 GeV
journal, February 2011

Photon radiation from heavy-ion collisions in the $\sqrt{s_{N N}} = 19 - 200 GeV$ regime
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Kinetic foundations of relativistic dissipative fluid dynamics
journal, November 2014

Bulk viscosity, particle spectra, and flow in heavy-ion collisions
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Collective flow and two-pion correlations from a relativistic hydrodynamic model with early chemical freeze-out
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Handbook of Markov Chain Monte Carlo
book, May 2011

Azimuthal anisotropy in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}} = 200 GeV$
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Running the gamut of high energy nuclear collisions
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A relativistic relaxation-time model for the Boltzmann equation
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Initial conditions for hydrodynamics from weakly coupled pre-equilibrium evolution
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Erratum: Derivation of transient relativistic fluid dynamics from the Boltzmann equation [Phys. Rev. D 85 , 114047 (2012)]
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Second-Order Hydrodynamics in Next-to-Leading-Order QCD
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Energy density of the glasma
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Bulk viscosity of a pion gas
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Coupling relativistic viscous hydrodynamics to Boltzmann descriptions
journal, October 2010

Boost-invariant (2+1)-dimensional anisotropic hydrodynamics
journal, June 2012

Hydrodynamic approaches in relativistic heavy ion reactions
journal, January 2016

Hydrodynamic simulations of relativistic heavy-ion collisions with different lattice quantum chromodynamics calculations of the equation of state
journal, April 2016

Collective modes of an anisotropic quark-gluon plasma
journal, August 2003

Equation of state in ( $2 + 1$ )-flavor QCD
journal, November 2014

Constraining the Equation of State of Superhadronic Matter from Heavy-Ion Collisions
journal, May 2015

Review of Particle Physics
journal, August 2018

Applications of Bayesian model averaging to the curvature and size of the Universe: Applications of Bayesian model averaging
journal, March 2011

Bulk viscosity of strongly interacting matter in the relaxation time approximation
journal, April 2018

Applying Bayesian parameter estimation to relativistic heavy-ion collisions: Simultaneous characterization of the initial state and quark-gluon plasma medium
journal, August 2016

Transient relativistic thermodynamics and kinetic theory
journal, April 1979

Probing Early-Time Dynamics and Quark-Gluon Plasma Transport Properties with Photons and Hadrons
journal, January 2021

Identified charged particle spectra and yields in $Au + Au$ collisions at $\sqrt{s_{N N}} = 200 GeV$
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Effect of bulk viscosity on elliptic flow near the QCD phase transition
journal, December 2009

Bayesian estimation of the specific shear and bulk viscosity of quark–gluon plasma
journal, August 2019

Landau's hydrodynamic model of particle production and electron-positron annihilation into hadrons
journal, January 1975

Does stability of relativistic dissipative fluid dynamics imply causality?
journal, June 2010

Decoding the phase structure of QCD via particle production at high energy
journal, September 2018

Temperature dependence of $η / s$ of strongly interacting matter: Effects of the equation of state and the parametric form of $(η / s) (T)$
journal, October 2020

QCD shear viscosity at (almost) NLO
journal, March 2018

Hadron production in central nucleus–nucleus collisions at chemical freeze-out
journal, June 2006

Centrality dependence of $π$ , $K$ , and $p$ production in Pb-Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{N N}} = 2.76$ TeV
journal, October 2013

Bulk viscosity of high-temperature QCD
journal, October 2006

Hydrodynamic predictions for Pb+Pb collisions at 5.02 TeV
journal, June 2017

Inclusive and effective bulk viscosities in the hadron gas
journal, December 2020

Data Analysis Recipes: Using Markov Chain Monte Carlo
journal, May 2018

Production of photons in relativistic heavy-ion collisions
journal, April 2016

Relativistic quantum transport coefficients for second-order viscous hydrodynamics
journal, May 2015

Anisotropic matching principle for the hydrodynamic expansion
journal, October 2016

Shear viscosity of a hadron gas and influence of resonance lifetimes on relaxation time
journal, May 2018

Transport coefficients for bulk viscous evolution in the relaxation-time approximation
journal, October 2014

A resummed method of moments for the relativistic hydrodynamic expansion
journal, February 2019

Collective Flow and Viscosity in Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collisions
journal, October 2013

Hybrid Color Glass Condensate and hydrodynamic description of the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider small system scan
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Cancellation of the $σ$ meson in thermal models
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Hybrid model approach for strange and multistrange hadrons in $2.76 A$ TeV $Pb + Pb$ collisions
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On the kinetic theory of rarefied gases
journal, December 1949

Viscous QCD matter in a hybrid hydrodynamic+Boltzmann approach
journal, February 2011

Toward a deeper understanding of how experiments constrain the underlying physics of heavy-ion collisions
journal, February 2016

Event-by-event fluctuations in a perturbative QCD + saturation + hydrodynamics model: Determining QCD matter shear viscosity in ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions
journal, February 2016

Particlization in hybrid models
journal, November 2012

Glauber Modeling in High-Energy Nuclear Collisions
journal, November 2007

Third harmonic flow of charged particles in Au $+$ Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}} = 200$ GeV
journal, July 2013

Determining fundamental properties of matter created in ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions
journal, March 2014

Bayesian evidence as a tool for comparing datasets
journal, March 2006

Nonlinear fluid dynamics from gravity
journal, February 2008

Free-streaming approximation in early dynamics of relativistic heavy-ion collisions
journal, September 2009

Derivation of anisotropic dissipative fluid dynamics from the Boltzmann equation
journal, June 2016

Hard probes of non-equilibrium quark-gluon plasma
journal, January 2021

Universal properties of bulk viscosity near the QCD phase transition
journal, May 2008

Conformal relativistic viscous hydrodynamics: Applications to RHIC results at $\sqrt{s_{NN}} = 200$ GeV
journal, September 2008

Leading-order anisotropic hydrodynamics for systems with massive particles
journal, May 2014

Choosing the Sample Size of a Computer Experiment: A Practical Guide
journal, November 2009

Hydrodynamic Modeling of Heavy-Ion Collisions
journal, April 2013

New High-Resolution Central Schemes for Nonlinear Conservation Laws and Convection–Diffusion Equations
journal, May 2000

Centrality Dependence of the Charged-Particle Multiplicity Density at Midrapidity in Pb-Pb Collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}} = 2.76 TeV$
journal, January 2011

Spectra and elliptic flow for identified hadrons in $2.76 A$ TeV Pb + Pb collisions
journal, March 2014

Bayesian Experimental Design: A Review
journal, August 1995

Dynamics of hot bulk QCD matter: From the quark-gluon plasma to hadronic freeze-out
journal, May 2000

Primordial hadrosynthesis in the little bang
journal, December 1999

Relativistic viscous hydrodynamics, conformal invariance, and holography
journal, April 2008

Effects of bulk viscosity at freezeout
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New theories of relativistic hydrodynamics in the LHC era
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Learning about physical parameters: the importance of model discrepancy
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