Light-trapping and recycling for extraordinary power conversion in ultra-thin gallium-arsenide solar cells

Eyderman, Sergey; John, Sajeev

doi:10.1038/srep28303

Title: Light-trapping and recycling for extraordinary power conversion in ultra-thin gallium-arsenide solar cells

Abstract

Here, we demonstrate nearly 30% power conversion efficiency in ultra-thin (~200 nm) gallium arsenide photonic crystal solar cells by numerical solution of the coupled electromagnetic Maxwell and semiconductor drift-diffusion equations. Our architecture enables wave-interference-induced solar light trapping in the wavelength range from 300-865 nm, leading to absorption of almost 90% of incoming sunlight. Our optimized design for 200 nm equivalent bulk thickness of GaAs, is a square-lattice, slanted conical-pore photonic crystal (lattice constant 550 nm, pore diameter 600 nm, and pore depth 290 nm), passivated with AlGaAs, deposited on a silver back-reflector, with ITO upper contact and encapsulated with SiO₂. Our model includes both radiative and non-radiative recombination of photo-generated charge carriers. When all light from radiative recombination is assumed to escape the structure, a maximum achievable photocurrent density (MAPD) of 27.6 mA/cm² is obtained from normally incident AM 1.5 sunlight. For a surface non-radiative recombination velocity of 10³ cm/s, this corresponds to a solar power conversion efficiency of 28.3%. When all light from radiative recombination is trapped and reabsorbed (complete photon recycling) the power conversion efficiency increases to 29%. If the surface recombination velocity is reduced to 10 cm/sec, photon recycling is much more effective and the power conversionmore » efficiency reaches 30.6%.« less

Authors:

Eyderman, Sergey ^[1]; John, Sajeev ^[1]

Univ. of Toronto, Toronto, ON (Canada). Dept. of Physics

Publication Date:: Thu Jun 23 00:00:00 EDT 2016

Research Org.:: Univ. of Toronto, Toronto, ON (Canada)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE

OSTI Identifier:: 1285868

Grant/Contract Number:: FG02-06ER46347

Resource Type:: Accepted Manuscript

Journal Name:: Scientific Reports

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Volume: 6; Journal ID: ISSN 2045-2322

Publisher:: Nature Publishing Group

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 14 SOLAR ENERGY; efficiency; localization; absorption; devices

Citation Formats


                    Eyderman, Sergey, and John, Sajeev. Light-trapping and recycling for extraordinary power conversion in ultra-thin gallium-arsenide solar cells.  United States: N. p., 2016. 
Web.  doi:10.1038/srep28303.

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                    Eyderman, Sergey, & John, Sajeev. Light-trapping and recycling for extraordinary power conversion in ultra-thin gallium-arsenide solar cells.  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1038/srep28303

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                    Eyderman, Sergey, and John, Sajeev. Thu .  
"Light-trapping and recycling for extraordinary power conversion in ultra-thin gallium-arsenide solar cells".  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1038/srep28303.  https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1285868.

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@article{osti_1285868,

  title        = {Light-trapping and recycling for extraordinary power conversion in ultra-thin gallium-arsenide solar cells},

  author       = {Eyderman, Sergey and John, Sajeev},

  abstractNote = {Here, we demonstrate nearly 30% power conversion efficiency in ultra-thin (~200 nm) gallium arsenide photonic crystal solar cells by numerical solution of the coupled electromagnetic Maxwell and semiconductor drift-diffusion equations. Our architecture enables wave-interference-induced solar light trapping in the wavelength range from 300-865 nm, leading to absorption of almost 90% of incoming sunlight. Our optimized design for 200 nm equivalent bulk thickness of GaAs, is a square-lattice, slanted conical-pore photonic crystal (lattice constant 550 nm, pore diameter 600 nm, and pore depth 290 nm), passivated with AlGaAs, deposited on a silver back-reflector, with ITO upper contact and encapsulated with SiO2. Our model includes both radiative and non-radiative recombination of photo-generated charge carriers. When all light from radiative recombination is assumed to escape the structure, a maximum achievable photocurrent density (MAPD) of 27.6 mA/cm2 is obtained from normally incident AM 1.5 sunlight. For a surface non-radiative recombination velocity of 103 cm/s, this corresponds to a solar power conversion efficiency of 28.3%. When all light from radiative recombination is trapped and reabsorbed (complete photon recycling) the power conversion efficiency increases to 29%. If the surface recombination velocity is reduced to 10 cm/sec, photon recycling is much more effective and the power conversion efficiency reaches 30.6%.},

  doi          = {10.1038/srep28303},

  journal      = {Scientific Reports},

  number       = ,

  volume       = 6,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {Thu Jun 23 00:00:00 EDT 2016},

  month        = {Thu Jun 23 00:00:00 EDT 2016}

}

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Works referencing / citing this record:

Photonic crystal light trapping: Beyond 30% conversion efficiency for silicon photovoltaics
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Bhattacharya, Sayak; John, Sajeev
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Indium phosphide based solar cell using ultra-thin ZnO as an electron selective layer
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Title: Light-trapping and recycling for extraordinary power conversion in ultra-thin gallium-arsenide solar cells

Abstract

Citation Formats

Electromagnetic Absorption in a Disordered Medium near a Photon Mobility Edge journal, November 1984

Strong Internal and External Luminescence as Solar Cells Approach the Shockley–Queisser Limit journal, July 2012

Coupled optical and electrical modeling of solar cell based on conical pore silicon photonic crystals journal, June 2013

Coupled optical and electrical modeling of solar cell based on conical pore silicon photonic crystals journal, June 2013

Effects of prelayers on minority‐carrier lifetime in GaAs/AlGaAs double heterostructures grown by molecular beam epitaxy journal, December 1984

Strong localization of photons in certain disordered dielectric superlattices journal, June 1987

Finite-Difference Time-Domain Analysis book, April 2005

Two-dimensional model of photon recycling in direct gap semiconductor devices journal, October 1997

Near perfect solar absorption in ultra-thin-film GaAs photonic crystals journal, January 2014

Electrical and Optical Characterization of Surface Passivation in GaAs Nanowires journal, January 2012

Finite difference discretization of semiconductor drift-diffusion equations for nanowire solar cells journal, October 2012

Solar light trapping in slanted conical-pore photonic crystals: Beyond statistical ray trapping journal, April 2013

The Physics of Solar Cells book, January 2003

Electrical and Optical Characterization of Surface Passivation in GaAs Nanowires journal, January 2012

Impact of surfaces on the optical properties of GaAs nanowires journal, November 2010

Light-trapping optimization in wet-etched silicon photonic crystal solar cells journal, July 2015

Solar cell efficiency tables (version 39): Solar cell efficiency tables (version 39) journal, December 2011

Light trapping and absorption optimization in certain thin-film photonic crystal architectures journal, August 2008

26.1% thin-film GaAs solar cell using epitaxial lift-off journal, September 2009

Extremely low surface recombination velocities in black silicon passivated by atomic layer deposition journal, May 2012

Limiting efficiency of silicon solar cells journal, May 1984

Impact of Photon Recycling on GaAs Solar Cell Designs journal, November 2015

Numerical modeling of photon recycling in solar cells journal, January 1994

The chemical potential of radiation journal, June 1982

Highly efficient GaAs solar cells by limiting light emission angle journal, January 2013

Impact of surfaces on the optical properties of GaAs nanowires journal, November 2010

Solar energy trapping with modulated silicon nanowire photonic crystals journal, October 2012

Solar power conversion efficiency in modulated silicon nanowire photonic crystals journal, October 2012

Detailed Balance Limit of Efficiency of p‐n Junction Solar Cells journal, March 1961

Inhibited Spontaneous Emission in Solid-State Physics and Electronics journal, May 1987

Highly efficient GaAs solar cells by limiting light emission angle journal, January 2013

Optimal structures for classical wave localization: an alternative to the ioffe-regel criterion journal, November 1988

Solar light trapping in slanted conical-pore photonic crystals: Beyond statistical ray trapping journal, April 2013

Performance-limiting factors for GaAs-based single nanowire photovoltaics journal, January 2014

Finite difference discretization of semiconductor drift-diffusion equations for nanowire solar cells journal, October 2012

Epitaxial growth of three-dimensionally architectured optoelectronic devices journal, July 2011

Thin film approaches for high-efficiency III–V cells journal, May 1991

Design of GaAs Solar Cells Operating Close to the Shockley–Queisser Limit journal, April 2013

Photonic crystal light trapping: Beyond 30% conversion efficiency for silicon photovoltaics journal, February 2020

Ultrathin and easy-processing photonic crystal absorbing layers to enhance light absorption efficiency of solar cells journal, April 2019

Measurement of strong photon recycling in ultra-thin GaAs n/p junctions monolithically integrated in high-photovoltage vertical epitaxial heterostructure architectures with conversion efficiencies exceeding 60% journal, December 2016

Photon recycling characteristics of InGaAs/GaAsP multiple quantum well solar cells incorporating a spectrally selective filter and distributed Bragg reflector journal, January 2019

Assessment of the energy recovery potential of waste Photovoltaic (PV) modules journal, March 2019

Indium phosphide based solar cell using ultra-thin ZnO as an electron selective layer journal, August 2018

Electromagnetic Absorption in a Disordered Medium near a Photon Mobility Edge
journal, November 1984

Strong Internal and External Luminescence as Solar Cells Approach the Shockley–Queisser Limit
journal, July 2012

Coupled optical and electrical modeling of solar cell based on conical pore silicon photonic crystals
journal, June 2013

Coupled optical and electrical modeling of solar cell based on conical pore silicon photonic crystals
journal, June 2013

Effects of prelayers on minority‐carrier lifetime in GaAs/AlGaAs double heterostructures grown by molecular beam epitaxy
journal, December 1984

Strong localization of photons in certain disordered dielectric superlattices
journal, June 1987

Finite-Difference Time-Domain Analysis
book, April 2005

Two-dimensional model of photon recycling in direct gap semiconductor devices
journal, October 1997

Near perfect solar absorption in ultra-thin-film GaAs photonic crystals
journal, January 2014

Electrical and Optical Characterization of Surface Passivation in GaAs Nanowires
journal, January 2012

Finite difference discretization of semiconductor drift-diffusion equations for nanowire solar cells
journal, October 2012

Solar light trapping in slanted conical-pore photonic crystals: Beyond statistical ray trapping
journal, April 2013

The Physics of Solar Cells
book, January 2003

Electrical and Optical Characterization of Surface Passivation in GaAs Nanowires
journal, January 2012

Impact of surfaces on the optical properties of GaAs nanowires
journal, November 2010

Light-trapping optimization in wet-etched silicon photonic crystal solar cells
journal, July 2015

Solar cell efficiency tables (version 39): Solar cell efficiency tables (version 39)
journal, December 2011

Light trapping and absorption optimization in certain thin-film photonic crystal architectures
journal, August 2008

26.1% thin-film GaAs solar cell using epitaxial lift-off
journal, September 2009

Extremely low surface recombination velocities in black silicon passivated by atomic layer deposition
journal, May 2012

Limiting efficiency of silicon solar cells
journal, May 1984

Impact of Photon Recycling on GaAs Solar Cell Designs
journal, November 2015

Numerical modeling of photon recycling in solar cells
journal, January 1994

The chemical potential of radiation
journal, June 1982

Highly efficient GaAs solar cells by limiting light emission angle
journal, January 2013

Impact of surfaces on the optical properties of GaAs nanowires
journal, November 2010

Solar energy trapping with modulated silicon nanowire photonic crystals
journal, October 2012

Solar power conversion efficiency in modulated silicon nanowire photonic crystals
journal, October 2012

Detailed Balance Limit of Efficiency of p‐n Junction Solar Cells
journal, March 1961

Inhibited Spontaneous Emission in Solid-State Physics and Electronics
journal, May 1987

Highly efficient GaAs solar cells by limiting light emission angle
journal, January 2013

Optimal structures for classical wave localization: an alternative to the ioffe-regel criterion
journal, November 1988

Solar light trapping in slanted conical-pore photonic crystals: Beyond statistical ray trapping
journal, April 2013

Performance-limiting factors for GaAs-based single nanowire photovoltaics
journal, January 2014

Finite difference discretization of semiconductor drift-diffusion equations for nanowire solar cells
journal, October 2012

Epitaxial growth of three-dimensionally architectured optoelectronic devices
journal, July 2011

Thin film approaches for high-efficiency III–V cells
journal, May 1991

Design of GaAs Solar Cells Operating Close to the Shockley–Queisser Limit
journal, April 2013

Photonic crystal light trapping: Beyond 30% conversion efficiency for silicon photovoltaics
journal, February 2020

Ultrathin and easy-processing photonic crystal absorbing layers to enhance light absorption efficiency of solar cells
journal, April 2019

Measurement of strong photon recycling in ultra-thin GaAs n/p junctions monolithically integrated in high-photovoltage vertical epitaxial heterostructure architectures with conversion efficiencies exceeding 60%
journal, December 2016

Photon recycling characteristics of InGaAs/GaAsP multiple quantum well solar cells incorporating a spectrally selective filter and distributed Bragg reflector
journal, January 2019

Assessment of the energy recovery potential of waste Photovoltaic (PV) modules
journal, March 2019

Indium phosphide based solar cell using ultra-thin ZnO as an electron selective layer
journal, August 2018