Mercury stabilization in chemically bonded phosphate ceramics
Abstract
Mercury stabilization and solidification is a significant challenge for conventional stabilization technologies. This is because of the stringent regulatory limits on leaching of its stabilized products. In a conventional cement stabilization process, Hg is converted at high pH to its hydroxide, which is not a very insoluble compound; hence the preferred route for Hg sulfidation to convert it into insoluble cinnabar (HgS). Unfortunately, efficient formation of this compound is pH-dependent. At a high pH, one obtains a more soluble Hg sulfate, in a very low pH range, insufficient immobilization occurs because of the escape of hydrogen sulfide, while efficient formation of HgS occurs only in a moderately acidic region. Thus, the pH range of 4 to 8 is where stabilization with Chemically Bonded Phosphate Ceramics (CBPC) is carried out. This paper discusses the authors experience on bench-scale stabilization of various US Department of Energy (DOE) waste streams containing Hg in the CBPC process. This process was developed to treat DOE's mixed waste streams. It is a room-temperature-setting process based on an acid-base reaction between magnesium oxide and monopotassium phosphate solution that forms a dense ceramic within hours. For Hg stabilization, addition of a small amount (< 1 wt.%) of Na{submore »
- Authors:
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- Argonne National Lab., IL (US)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- US Department of Energy (US)
- OSTI Identifier:
- 754481
- Report Number(s):
- ANL/ET/CP-101487
TRN: US0002550
- DOE Contract Number:
- W-31109-ENG-38
- Resource Type:
- Conference
- Resource Relation:
- Conference: Environmental protection Agency's Workshop on Mercury Products, Processes, Waste, and the Environment: Eliminating, Reducing and Managing Risks, Baltimore, MD (US), 03/22/2000--03/23/2000; Other Information: PBD: 4 Apr 2000
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE WASTES, AND NON-RADIOACTIVE WASTES FROM NUCLEAR FACILITIES; WASTE PROCESSING; MERCURY; LOW-LEVEL RADIOACTIVE WASTES; STABILIZATION; SOLIDIFICATION; PHOSPHATES; HYDROGEN SULFIDES; BENCH-SCALE EXPERIMENTS; CERAMICS; US DOE
Citation Formats
Wagh, A S, Singh, D, and Jeong, S Y. Mercury stabilization in chemically bonded phosphate ceramics. United States: N. p., 2000.
Web.
Wagh, A S, Singh, D, & Jeong, S Y. Mercury stabilization in chemically bonded phosphate ceramics. United States.
Wagh, A S, Singh, D, and Jeong, S Y. 2000.
"Mercury stabilization in chemically bonded phosphate ceramics". United States. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/754481.
@article{osti_754481,
title = {Mercury stabilization in chemically bonded phosphate ceramics},
author = {Wagh, A S and Singh, D and Jeong, S Y},
abstractNote = {Mercury stabilization and solidification is a significant challenge for conventional stabilization technologies. This is because of the stringent regulatory limits on leaching of its stabilized products. In a conventional cement stabilization process, Hg is converted at high pH to its hydroxide, which is not a very insoluble compound; hence the preferred route for Hg sulfidation to convert it into insoluble cinnabar (HgS). Unfortunately, efficient formation of this compound is pH-dependent. At a high pH, one obtains a more soluble Hg sulfate, in a very low pH range, insufficient immobilization occurs because of the escape of hydrogen sulfide, while efficient formation of HgS occurs only in a moderately acidic region. Thus, the pH range of 4 to 8 is where stabilization with Chemically Bonded Phosphate Ceramics (CBPC) is carried out. This paper discusses the authors experience on bench-scale stabilization of various US Department of Energy (DOE) waste streams containing Hg in the CBPC process. This process was developed to treat DOE's mixed waste streams. It is a room-temperature-setting process based on an acid-base reaction between magnesium oxide and monopotassium phosphate solution that forms a dense ceramic within hours. For Hg stabilization, addition of a small amount (< 1 wt.%) of Na{sub 2}S or K{sub 2}S is sufficient in the binder composition. Here the Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP) results on CBPC waste forms of surrogate waste streams representing secondary Hg containing wastes such as combustion residues and Delphi DETOX{trademark} residues are presented. The results show that although the current limit on leaching of Hg is 0.2 mg/L, the results from the CBPC waste forms are at least one order lower than this stringent limit. Encouraged by these results on surrogate wastes, they treated actual low-level Hg-containing mixed waste from their facility at Idaho. TCLP results on this waste are presented here. The efficient stabilization in all these cases is attributed to chemical immobilization as both a sulfide (cinnabar) and a phosphate, followed by its physical encapsulation in a dense matrix of the ceramic.},
doi = {},
url = {https://www.osti.gov/biblio/754481},
journal = {},
number = ,
volume = ,
place = {United States},
year = {Tue Apr 04 00:00:00 EDT 2000},
month = {Tue Apr 04 00:00:00 EDT 2000}
}