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Title: Joint U. S. --U. S. S. R. test of U. S. MHD electrode systems in U. S. S. R. U-02 MHD facility (phase I). Final report

Abstract

The first (Phase I) joint U.S.-U.S.S.R. test of U.S. electrode materials was carried out in Moscow between September 25 and October 8, 1975 in the Soviet U-02 MHD facility. The test procedure followed closely a predetermined work plan designed to test five different zirconia based materials and the cathode and anode electrode wall modules under MHD operating conditions. The materials which were selected were 88Zr0/sub 2/-12Y/sub 2/0/sub 3/, 82Zr0/sub 2/-18Ce02, 50Zr0/sub 2/-50Ce0/sub 2/, 25Zr0/sub 2/-75Ce0/sub 2/ and 20Zr0/sub 2/-78Ce0/sub 2/-2Ta/sub 2/0/sub 5/. The electrode modules were constructed by Westinghouse Research and Development Laboratory. Each of the five electrode materials had four different current densities established between the anode and cathode during the experiment which lasted a total of 127 hours. There were four main phases in the test schedule: (1) start-up of the channel over a specific heating period. No seed (K/sub 2/C0/sub 3/) introduction - 18 hours. (2) Electrical tests at operating temperature to investigate electro-physical characteristics of the channel and electrodes - 6 hours. (3) Operating life test - 94 hours. (4) Shut-down of the channel over a specific cool down period - 9 hours. All except six electrode pairs performed satisfactorily during the entire test. These weremore » the pairs which were designated to carry maximum or near maximum current density. Five pairs failed early in the life test and the sixth pair failed in the last several hours. Failure was not due to the electrode materials, however, but due to lead-out melting caused by joule heating in the platinum wires. The U-02 facility is described and the operational parameters are given for each phase of the test. The electrode and insulating walls are described and the appropriate parameters that are used to predict the performance of the module are given.« less

Authors:
 [1]
  1. ed.
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
Battelle Pacific Northwest Labs., Richland, WA (United States); National Bureau of Standards, Washington, DC (United States); Westinghouse Research Labs., Pittsburgh, PA (USA); AN SSSR, Moscow. Inst. Vysokikh Temperatur
OSTI Identifier:
7237502
Report Number(s):
ERDA-76/154
Resource Type:
Technical Report
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
30 DIRECT ENERGY CONVERSION; 36 MATERIALS SCIENCE; CERIUM OXIDES; PHYSICAL PROPERTIES; MHD GENERATORS; COORDINATED RESEARCH PROGRAMS; ELECTRODES; TANTALUM OXIDES; YTTRIUM OXIDES; ZIRCONIUM OXIDES; CHEMICAL COMPOSITION; CRACKS; CRYSTAL STRUCTURE; CURRENT DENSITY; DESIGN; ELECTRIC CONDUCTIVITY; FRACTURES; MATERIALS; MICROSTRUCTURE; PERFORMANCE TESTING; PHASE TRANSFORMATIONS; PLASMA SEEDING; POROSITY; SERVICE LIFE; TEST FACILITIES; THERMAL DIFFUSIVITY; THERMAL EXPANSION; USA; USSR; CERIUM COMPOUNDS; CHALCOGENIDES; DIRECT ENERGY CONVERTERS; ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES; EUROPE; EXPANSION; FAILURES; NORTH AMERICA; OXIDES; OXYGEN COMPOUNDS; RARE EARTH COMPOUNDS; RESEARCH PROGRAMS; TANTALUM COMPOUNDS; TESTING; THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES; TRANSITION ELEMENT COMPOUNDS; YTTRIUM COMPOUNDS; ZIRCONIUM COMPOUNDS; 300103* - MHD Generators- Materials, Components, & Auxiliaries; 360204 - Ceramics, Cermets, & Refractories- Physical Properties; 360205 - Ceramics, Cermets, & Refractories- Corrosion & Erosion

Citation Formats

Hosler, W R. Joint U. S. --U. S. S. R. test of U. S. MHD electrode systems in U. S. S. R. U-02 MHD facility (phase I). Final report. United States: N. p., 1976. Web. doi:10.2172/7237502.
Hosler, W R. Joint U. S. --U. S. S. R. test of U. S. MHD electrode systems in U. S. S. R. U-02 MHD facility (phase I). Final report. United States. https://doi.org/10.2172/7237502
Hosler, W R. 1976. "Joint U. S. --U. S. S. R. test of U. S. MHD electrode systems in U. S. S. R. U-02 MHD facility (phase I). Final report". United States. https://doi.org/10.2172/7237502. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/7237502.
@article{osti_7237502,
title = {Joint U. S. --U. S. S. R. test of U. S. MHD electrode systems in U. S. S. R. U-02 MHD facility (phase I). Final report},
author = {Hosler, W R},
abstractNote = {The first (Phase I) joint U.S.-U.S.S.R. test of U.S. electrode materials was carried out in Moscow between September 25 and October 8, 1975 in the Soviet U-02 MHD facility. The test procedure followed closely a predetermined work plan designed to test five different zirconia based materials and the cathode and anode electrode wall modules under MHD operating conditions. The materials which were selected were 88Zr0/sub 2/-12Y/sub 2/0/sub 3/, 82Zr0/sub 2/-18Ce02, 50Zr0/sub 2/-50Ce0/sub 2/, 25Zr0/sub 2/-75Ce0/sub 2/ and 20Zr0/sub 2/-78Ce0/sub 2/-2Ta/sub 2/0/sub 5/. The electrode modules were constructed by Westinghouse Research and Development Laboratory. Each of the five electrode materials had four different current densities established between the anode and cathode during the experiment which lasted a total of 127 hours. There were four main phases in the test schedule: (1) start-up of the channel over a specific heating period. No seed (K/sub 2/C0/sub 3/) introduction - 18 hours. (2) Electrical tests at operating temperature to investigate electro-physical characteristics of the channel and electrodes - 6 hours. (3) Operating life test - 94 hours. (4) Shut-down of the channel over a specific cool down period - 9 hours. All except six electrode pairs performed satisfactorily during the entire test. These were the pairs which were designated to carry maximum or near maximum current density. Five pairs failed early in the life test and the sixth pair failed in the last several hours. Failure was not due to the electrode materials, however, but due to lead-out melting caused by joule heating in the platinum wires. The U-02 facility is described and the operational parameters are given for each phase of the test. The electrode and insulating walls are described and the appropriate parameters that are used to predict the performance of the module are given.},
doi = {10.2172/7237502},
url = {https://www.osti.gov/biblio/7237502}, journal = {},
number = ,
volume = ,
place = {United States},
year = {Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 EST 1976},
month = {Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 EST 1976}
}