Some potential material supply constraints in solar systems for heating and cooling of buildings and process heat. (A preliminary screening to identify critical materials)
Nine Solar Heating and Cooling of Buildings (SHACOB) designs and three Agricultural and Industrial Process Heat (AIPH) designs have been studied to identify potential future material constraints to their large scale installation and use. The nine SHACOB and three AIPH systems were screened and found to be free of serious future material constraints. The screening was carried out for each individual system design assuming 500 million m/sup 2/ of collector area installed by the year 2000. Also, two mixed design scenarios, containing equal portions of each system design, were screened. To keep these scenarios in perspective, note that a billion m/sup 2/ containing a mixture of the nine SHACOB designs will yield an annual solar contribution of about 1.3 Quads or will displace about 4.2 Quads of fossil fuel used to generate electricity. For AIPH a billion square meters of the mixed designs will yield about 2.8 Quads/year. Three materials were identified that could possibly restrain the deployment of solar systems in the specific scenarios investigated. They are iron and steel, soda lime glass and polyvinyl fluoride. All three of these materials are bulk materials. No raw material supply constraints were found.
- Research Organization:
- Battelle Pacific Northwest Labs., Richland, WA (United States)
- DOE Contract Number:
- EY-76-C-06-1830
- OSTI ID:
- 6078486
- Report Number(s):
- PNL-2972
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
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PASSIVE SOLAR HEATING SYSTEMS
MATERIALS
SOLAR COOLING SYSTEMS
SOLAR HEATING SYSTEMS
SOLAR PROCESS HEAT
SOLAR WATER HEATERS
AVAILABILITY
FLUORIDES
GLASS
IRON
POLYVINYLS
SOLAR DRYING
SOLAR KILNS
SOLAR PONDS
STEELS
TEXTILES
WOOD
ALLOYS
APPLIANCES
DRYING
ELEMENTS
ENERGY
FLUORINE COMPOUNDS
HALIDES
HALOGEN COMPOUNDS
HEAT
HEATERS
HEATING SYSTEMS
IRON ALLOYS
IRON BASE ALLOYS
KILNS
METALS
ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
ORGANIC POLYMERS
POLYMERS
PONDS
PROCESS HEAT
SOLAR COLLECTORS
TRANSITION ELEMENTS
WATER HEATERS
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