Studies of the effect of selected nondonor solvents on coal liquefaction yields
The objective of this research program was to evaluate the effectiveness of selected nondonor solvents (i.e., solvents that are not generally considered to have hydrogen available for hydrogenolysis reactions) for the solubilization of coals. Principal criteria for selection of candidate solvents were that the compound should be representative of a major chemical class, should be present in reasonable concentration in coal liquid products, and should have the potential to participate in hydrogen redistribution reactions. Naphthalene, phenanthrene, pyrene, carbazole, phenanthridine, quinoline, 1-naphthol, and diphenyl ether were evaluated to determine their effect on coal liquefaction yields and were compared with phenol and two high-quality process solvents, Wilsonville SRC-I recycle solvent and Lummus ITSL heavy oil solvent. The high conversion efficacy of 1-naphthol may be attributed to its condensation to binaphthol and the consequent availability of hydrogen. The effectiveness of both the nitrogen heterocycles and the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) compounds may be due to their polycyclic aromatic nature (i.e., possible hydrogen shuttling or transfer agents) and their physical solvent properties. The relative effectiveness for coal conversion of the Lummus ITSL heavy oil solvent as compared with the Wilsonville SRC-I process solvent may be attributed to the much higher concentration of 3-, 4-, and 5-ring PAH and hydroaromatic constituents in Lummus solvent. The chemistry of coal liquefaction and the development of recycle, hydrogen donor, and nondonor solvents are reviewed. The experimental methodology for tubing-bomb tests is outlined, and experimental problem areas are discussed.
- Research Organization:
- Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)
- DOE Contract Number:
- W-7405-ENG-26
- OSTI ID:
- 5722090
- Report Number(s):
- ORNL/TM-8662; ON: DE83017069
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
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Related Subjects
CARBAZOLES
COMPARATIVE EVALUATIONS
CHEMICAL BONDS
CLEAVAGE
COAL
DEPOLYMERIZATION
COAL LIQUEFACTION
ORGANIC SOLVENTS
YIELDS
ETHERS
NAPHTHALENE
NAPHTHOLS
RECYCLING
PHENANTHRENE
PYRENE
QUINOLINES
CATALYSTS
CHEMICAL REACTION KINETICS
DISSOLUTION
EXPERIMENTAL DATA
ORGANIC NITROGEN COMPOUNDS
PHENOLS
POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS
RADICALS
AROMATICS
AZINES
AZOLES
CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS
CHEMICAL REACTIONS
CONDENSED AROMATICS
CRYSTAL STRUCTURE
DATA
DECOMPOSITION
ENERGY SOURCES
FOSSIL FUELS
FUELS
HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
HYDROCARBONS
HYDROXY COMPOUNDS
INFORMATION
KINETICS
LIQUEFACTION
MATERIALS
MICROSTRUCTURE
NUMERICAL DATA
ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
ORGANIC OXYGEN COMPOUNDS
PYRIDINES
REACTION KINETICS
SOLVENTS
THERMOCHEMICAL PROCESSES
010405* - Coal
Lignite
& Peat- Hydrogenation & Liquefaction