Review and evaluation of the effects of xenobiotic chemicals on microorganisms in soil. [139 references]
The primary objective was to review and evaluate the relevance and quality of existing xenobiotic data bases and test methods for evaluating direct and indirect effects (both adverse and beneficial) of xenobiotics on the soil microbial community; direct and indirect effects of the soil microbial community on xenobiotics; and adequacy of test methods used to evaluate these effects and interactions. Xenobiotic chemicals are defined here as those compounds, both organic and inorganic, produced by man and introduced into the environment at concentrations that cause undesirable effects. Because soil serves as the main repository for many of these chemicals, it therefore has a major role in determining their ultimate fate. Once released, the distribution of xenobiotics between environmental compartments depends on the chemodynamic properties of the compounds, the physicochemical properties of the soils, and the transfer between soil-water and soil-air interfaces and across biological membranes. Abiotic and biotic processes can transform the chemical compound, thus altering its chemical state and, subsequently, its toxicity and reactivity. Ideally, the conversion is to carbon dioxide, water, and mineral elements, or at least, to some harmless substance. However, intermediate transformation products, which can become toxic pollutants in their own right, can sometimes be formed. 139 refs., 6 figs., 11 tabs.
- Research Organization:
- Pacific Northwest National Lab. (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States)
- DOE Contract Number:
- AC06-76RL01830
- OSTI ID:
- 5406358
- Report Number(s):
- PNL-6186; ON: DE88006244
- Resource Relation:
- Other Information: Portions of this document are illegible in microfiche products. Original copy available until stock is exhausted
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
Similar Records
Decontaminating soil with enzymes
Identifying environmental drivers of greenhouse gas emissions under warming and reduced rainfall in boreal–temperate forests
Related Subjects
54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS
MICROORGANISMS
MORTALITY
VARIATIONS
ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
XENOBIOTICS
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS
COMPARATIVE EVALUATIONS
EVALUATION
NUMERICAL DATA
RECOMMENDATIONS
REVIEWS
SOILS
DATA
DOCUMENT TYPES
INFORMATION
560300* - Chemicals Metabolism & Toxicology
510200 - Environment
Terrestrial- Chemicals Monitoring & Transport- (-1989)