Estimate of the Mass and Radial Profile of the Orphan–Chenab Stream's Dwarf-galaxy Progenitor Using MilkyWay@home

Mendelsohn, Eric J.; Newberg, Heidi Jo; Shelton, Siddhartha; Widrow, Lawrence M.; Thompson, Jeffery M.; Grillmair, Carl J.

doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ac498a

Title: Estimate of the Mass and Radial Profile of the Orphan–Chenab Stream's Dwarf-galaxy Progenitor Using MilkyWay@home

Journal Article · Thu Feb 17 00:00:00 EST 2022 · The Astrophysical Journal

DOI:https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ac498a· OSTI ID:1983229

^[1];

^[1]; Shelton, Siddhartha ^[1];

^[2];

^[1];

^[3]

Rensselaer Polytechnic Inst., Troy, NY (United States)
Queen's Univ., Kingston, ON (Canada)
California Institute of Technology (CalTech), Pasadena, CA (United States). Infrared Processing and Analysis Center (IPAC)

We fit the mass and radial profile of the Orphan–Chenab Stream's (OCS) dwarf-galaxy progenitor by using turnoff stars in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey and the Dark Energy Camera to constrain N-body simulations of the OCS progenitor falling into the Milky Way on the 1.5 PetaFLOPS MilkyWay@home distributed supercomputer. We infer the internal structure of the OCS's progenitor under the assumption that it was a spherically symmetric dwarf galaxy composed of a stellar system embedded in an extended dark matter halo. We optimize the evolution time, the baryonic and dark matter scale radii, and the baryonic and dark matter masses of the progenitor using a differential evolution algorithm. The likelihood score for each set of parameters is determined by comparing the simulated tidal stream to the angular distribution of OCS stars observed in the sky. We fit the total mass of the OCS's progenitor to (2.0 ± 0.3) × 10⁷M_⊙ with a mass-to-light ratio of γ = 73.5 ± 10.6 and (1.1 ± 0.2) × 10⁶M_⊙ within 300 pc of its center. Within the progenitor's half-light radius, we estimate a total mass of (4.0 ± 1.0) × 10⁵M_⊙. We also fit the current sky position of the progenitor's remnant to be (α, δ) = ((166.0 ± 0.9)°, (–11.1 ± 2.5)°) and show that it is gravitationally unbound at the present time. The measured progenitor mass is on the low end of previous measurements and, if confirmed, lowers the mass range of ultrafaint dwarf galaxies. Our optimization assumes a fixed Milky Way potential, OCS orbit, and radial profile for the progenitor, ignoring the impact of the Large Magellanic Cloud.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Cite

Export

Save

Research Organization:: US Department of Energy (USDOE), Washington, DC (United States). Office of Science, Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC); National Science Foundation (NSF)

Grant/Contract Number:: AST19-08653

OSTI ID:: 1983229

Journal Information:: The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 926, Issue 2; ISSN 0004-637X

Publisher:: IOP PublishingCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

References (64)

Observed Properties of Dark Matter: dynamical studies of dSph galaxies Gilmore, G.; Wilkinson, M.; Kleyna, J. Nuclear Physics B - Proceedings Supplements, Vol. 173 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2007.08.143	journal	November 2007
A Comprehensive Maximum Likelihood Analysis of the Structural Properties of Faint Milky Way Satellites Martin, Nicolas F.; de Jong, Jelte T. A.; Rix, Hans‐Walter The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 684, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1086/590336	journal	September 2008
Willman 1—a Probable Dwarf Galaxy with an Irregular Kinematic Distribution Willman, Beth; Geha, Marla; Strader, Jay The Astronomical Journal, Vol. 142, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-6256/142/4/128	journal	September 2011
Piercing the Milky Way: an all-sky view of the Orphan Stream Koposov, S. E.; Belokurov, V.; Li, T. S. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 485, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stz457	journal	February 2019
Kinematic Study of the Disrupting Globular Cluster Palomar 5 Using VLT Spectra Odenkirchen, Michael; Grebel, Eva K.; Dehnen, Walter The Astronomical Journal, Vol. 124, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1086/342287	journal	September 2002
Computer "Experiments" on Classical Fluids. I. Thermodynamical Properties of Lennard-Jones Molecules Verlet, Loup Physical Review, Vol. 159, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRev.159.98	journal	July 1967
Stellar Streams Discovered in the Dark Energy Survey Shipp, N.; Drlica-Wagner, A.; Balbinot, E. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 862, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aacdab	journal	July 2018
How Lumpy Is the Milky Way’s Dark Matter Halo? Johnston, Kathryn V.; Spergel, David N.; Haydn, Christian The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 570, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1086/339791	journal	May 2002
Maps of Dust Infrared Emission for Use in Estimation of Reddening and Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation Foregrounds Schlegel, David J.; Finkbeiner, Douglas P.; Davis, Marc The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 500, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1086/305772	journal	June 1998
The Metal-poor non-Sagittarius (?) Globular Cluster NGC 5053: Orbit and Mg, Al, and Si Abundances Tang, Baitian; Fernández-Trincado, J. G.; Geisler, Doug The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 855, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aaaaea	journal	March 2018
Sloan Digital Sky Survey IV: Mapping the Milky Way, Nearby Galaxies, and the Distant Universe Blanton, Michael R.; Bershady, Matthew A.; Abolfathi, Bela The Astronomical Journal, Vol. 154, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-3881/aa7567	journal	June 2017
Fitting the Density Substructure of the Stellar Halo with MilkyWay@home Weiss, Jake; Newberg, Heidi Jo; Newby, Matthew The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, Vol. 238, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4365/aadb92	journal	September 2018
N -body modelling of globular clusters: masses, mass-to-light ratios and intermediate-mass black holes Baumgardt, H. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 464, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stw2488	journal	October 2016
The Ghost of Sagittarius and Lumps in the Halo of the Milky Way Newberg, Heidi Jo; Yanny, Brian; Rockosi, Connie The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 569, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1086/338983	journal	April 2002
Constraining the Milky way Potential with a Six-Dimensional Phase-Space map of the gd-1 Stellar Stream Koposov, Sergey E.; Rix, Hans-Walter; Hogg, David W. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 712, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/712/1/260	journal	February 2010
An Orphan no Longer? Detection of the Southern Orphan Stream and a Candidate Progenitor Grillmair, Carl J.; Hetherington, Lauren; Carlberg, Raymond G. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 812, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1088/2041-8205/812/2/L26	journal	October 2015
Measuring Consistent Masses for 25 Milky way Globular Clusters Kimmig, Brian; Seth, Anil; Ivans, Inese I. The Astronomical Journal, Vol. 149, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-6256/149/2/53	journal	January 2015
The dark Energy Camera Flaugher, B.; Diehl, H. T.; Honscheid, K. The Astronomical Journal, Vol. 150, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-6256/150/5/150	journal	October 2015
On the genealogy of the Orphan Stream Sales, Laura V.; Helmi, Amina; Starkenburg, Else Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 389, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2966.2008.13659.x	journal	September 2008
The Information Content in Cold Stellar Streams Bonaca, Ana; Hogg, David W. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 867, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aae4da	journal	November 2018
The total mass of the Large Magellanic Cloud from its perturbation on the Orphan stream Erkal, D.; Belokurov, V.; Laporte, C. F. P. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 487, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stz1371	journal	May 2019
The ACTIONFINDER: An Unsupervised Deep Learning Algorithm for Calculating Actions and the Acceleration Field from a Set of Orbit Segments Ibata, Rodrigo; Diakogiannis, Foivos I.; Famaey, Benoit The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 915, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/abfda9	journal	June 2021
Searching for Dark Matter Annihilation from Milky Way Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxies with Six Years of Fermi Large Area Telescope Data Ackermann, M.; Albert, A.; Anderson, B. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 115, Issue 23 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.115.231301	journal	November 2015
CCD time-series photometry of the globular cluster NGC 5053: RR Lyrae, Blue Stragglers and SX Phoenicis stars revisited★ Ferro, A. Arellano; Giridhar, Sunetra; Bramich, D. M. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 402, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2966.2009.15931.x	journal	December 2009
The Dartmouth Stellar Evolution Database Dotter, Aaron; Chaboyer, Brian; Jevremović, Darko The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, Vol. 178, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1086/589654	journal	September 2008
The 16th Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Surveys: First Release from the APOGEE-2 Southern Survey and Full Release of eBOSS Spectra Ahumada, Romina; Prieto, Carlos Allende; Almeida, Andrés The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, Vol. 249, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4365/ab929e	journal	June 2020
Triangulum II. Not Especially Dense After All Kirby, Evan N.; Cohen, Judith G.; Simon, Joshua D. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 838, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aa6570	journal	March 2017
The Carina dwarf spheroidal galaxy - How dark is it? Mateo, Mario; Olszewski, Edward W.; Pryor, Carlton The Astronomical Journal, Vol. 105 https://doi.org/10.1086/116449	journal	February 1993
Compact Remnant mass Function: Dependence on the Explosion Mechanism and Metallicity Fryer, Chris L.; Belczynski, Krzysztof; Wiktorowicz, Grzegorz The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 749, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/749/1/91	journal	March 2012
Search for dark matter signals towards a selection of recently detected DES dwarf galaxy satellites of the Milky Way with H.E.S.S. Abdallah, H.; Adam, R.; Aharonian, F. Physical Review D, Vol. 102, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.102.062001	journal	September 2020
The course of the Orphan Stream in the Northern Galactic hemisphere traced with Gaia DR2 Fardal, Mark A.; van der Marel, Roeland P.; Sohn, Sangmo Tony Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 486, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stz749	journal	March 2019
Ursa Major II – reproducing the observed properties through tidal disruption Smith, R.; Fellhauer, M.; Candlish, G. N. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 433, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stt925	journal	June 2013
Galactic Globular and Open Clusters in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. I. Crowded‐Field Photometry and Cluster Fiducial Sequences in ugriz An, Deokkeun; Johnson, Jennifer A.; Clem, James L. The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, Vol. 179, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1086/592090	journal	December 2008
The Field of Streams: Sagittarius and Its Siblings Belokurov, V.; Zucker, D. B.; Evans, N. W. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 642, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1086/504797	journal	April 2006
Life and death of a hero – lessons learned from modelling the dwarf spheroidal Hercules: an incorrect orbit? Blaña, M.; Fellhauer, M.; Smith, R. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 446, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stu1797	journal	November 2014
The White Dwarf Initial–Final Mass Relation for Progenitor Stars from 0.85 to 7.5 M ⊙ Cummings, Jeffrey D.; Kalirai, Jason S.; Tremblay, P. -E. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 866, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aadfd6	journal	October 2018
DAOPHOT - A computer program for crowded-field stellar photometry Stetson, Peter B. Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, Vol. 99 https://doi.org/10.1086/131977	journal	March 1987
A common mass scale for satellite galaxies of the Milky Way Strigari, Louis E.; Bullock, James S.; Kaplinghat, Manoj Nature, Vol. 454, Issue 7208 https://doi.org/10.1038/nature07222	journal	August 2008
SMHASH: anatomy of the Orphan Stream using RR Lyrae stars Hendel, David; Scowcroft, Victoria; Johnston, Kathryn V. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 479, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/sty1455	journal	June 2018
The Shape of the Inner Milky way halo from Observations of the pal 5 and gd–1 Stellar Streams Bovy, Jo; Bahmanyar, Anita; Fritz, Tobias K. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 833, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/833/1/31	journal	December 2016
SciPy 1.0: fundamental algorithms for scientific computing in Python Virtanen, Pauli; Gommers, Ralf; Oliphant, Travis E. Nature Methods https://doi.org/10.1038/s41592-019-0686-2	journal	February 2020
The Orbit of the Orphan Stream Newberg, Heidi Jo; Willett, Benjamin A.; Yanny, Brian The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 711, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/711/1/32	journal	February 2010
Results from the search for dark matter in the Milky Way with 9 years of data of the ANTARES neutrino telescope Albert, A.; André, M.; Anghinolfi, M. Physics Letters B, Vol. 769 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physletb.2017.03.063	journal	June 2017
Search for gamma-ray emission from the 12 nearby dwarf spheroidal galaxies with 12 years of Fermi-LAT data Li, Shang; Liang, Yun-Feng; Fan, Yi-Zhong Physical Review D, Vol. 104, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.104.083037	journal	October 2021
Discovery of an Ultra-faint Stellar System near the Magellanic Clouds with the DECam Local Volume Exploration Survey Cerny, W.; Pace, A. B.; Drlica-Wagner, A. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 910, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/abe1af	journal	March 2021
A Direct Measurement of the Forward Shock Speed in Supernova Remnant 0509–67.5: Constraints on the age, Ambient Density, Shock Compression Factor, and Electron–Ion Temperature Equilibration Hovey, Luke; Hughes, John P.; Eriksen, Kristoffer The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 809, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/809/2/119	journal	August 2015
Dynamical modelling of the galactic bulge and bar: the Milky Way's pattern speed, stellar and dark matter mass distribution Portail, Matthieu; Gerhard, Ortwin; Wegg, Christopher Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 465, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stw2819	journal	November 2016
An analytical model for spherical galaxies and bulges Hernquist, Lars The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 356 https://doi.org/10.1086/168845	journal	June 1990
Triangulum ii: Possibly a very Dense Ultra-Faint Dwarf Galaxy Kirby, Evan N.; Cohen, Judith G.; Simon, Joshua D. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 814, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1088/2041-8205/814/1/L7	journal	November 2015
The Densest Galaxy Strader, Jay; Seth, Anil C.; Forbes, Duncan A. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 775, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1088/2041-8205/775/1/L6	journal	August 2013
A hierarchical O(N log N) force-calculation algorithm Barnes, Josh; Hut, Piet Nature, Vol. 324, Issue 6096 https://doi.org/10.1038/324446a0	journal	December 1986
A hydrodynamical study of multiple-shell planetary nebulae: A hydrodynamical study of multiple-shell planetary nebulae Schönberner, D.; Jacob, R.; Lehmann, H. Astronomische Nachrichten, Vol. 335, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1002/asna.201412051	journal	May 2014
An Orphan in the “Field of Streams” Belokurov, V.; Evans, N. W.; Irwin, M. J. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 658, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1086/511302	journal	March 2007
On the variation of the initial mass function Kroupa, P. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 322, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-8711.2001.04022.x	journal	April 2001
Measuring Reddening with Sloan Digital sky Survey Stellar Spectra and Recalibrating sfd Schlafly, Edward F.; Finkbeiner, Douglas P. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 737, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/737/2/103	journal	August 2011
The mass and stellar content of the globular cluster M13 Leonard, Peter J. T.; Richer, Harvey B.; Fahlman, Gregory G. The Astronomical Journal, Vol. 104 https://doi.org/10.1086/116386	journal	December 1992
Internal kinematics and dynamical models of dwarf spheroidal galaxies around the Milky Way Battaglia, Giuseppina; Helmi, Amina; Breddels, Maarten New Astronomy Reviews, Vol. 57, Issue 3-4 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.newar.2013.05.003	journal	September 2013
A Catalog of Parameters for Globular Clusters in the Milky Way Harris, William E. The Astronomical Journal, Vol. 112 https://doi.org/10.1086/118116	journal	October 1996
Detection of a 60°-long Dwarf Galaxy Debris Stream Grillmair, C. J. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 645, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1086/505863	journal	June 2006
The mass of the Milky Way: Limits from a newly assembled set of halo objects Sakamoto, T.; Chiba, M.; Beers, T. C. Astronomy & Astrophysics, Vol. 397, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361:20021499	journal	January 2003
The Earth Mover's Distance as a Metric for Image Retrieval Rubner, Yossi International Journal of Computer Vision, Vol. 40, Issue 2, p. 99-121 https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1026543900054	journal	November 2000
Great Circle Tidal Streams: Evidence for a Nearly Spherical Massive Dark Halo around the Milky Way Ibata, Rodrigo; Lewis, Geraint F.; Irwin, Michael The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 551, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1086/320060	journal	April 2001
A Two Micron All‐Sky Survey View of the Sagittarius Dwarf Galaxy. IV. Modeling the Sagittarius Tidal Tails Law, David R.; Johnston, Kathryn V.; Majewski, Steven R. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 619, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1086/426779	journal	February 2005
On the Problem of Distribution in Globular Star Clusters: (Plate 8.) Plummer, H. C. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 71, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/71.5.460	journal	March 1911

Similar Records

The Orbit of the Orphan Stream

Journal Article · Fri Jan 01 00:00:00 EST 2010 · Astrophys.J.711:32-49,2010 · OSTI ID:1983229

Newberg, Heidi Jo; Willett, Benjamin A; Yanny, Brian; +1 more

UPDATE ON THE CETUS POLAR STREAM AND ITS PROGENITOR

Journal Article · Sun Oct 20 00:00:00 EDT 2013 · Astrophysical Journal · OSTI ID:1983229

Yam, William; Carlin, Jeffrey L.; Newberg, Heidi Jo; +4 more

Ultrafaint dwarf galaxies—The lowest-mass relics from before reionization

Journal Article · Fri Jul 10 00:00:00 EDT 2015 · Astrophysical Journal · OSTI ID:1983229

Bland-Hawthorn, Joss; Webster, David; Sutherland, Ralph

Related Subjects

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Galaxy structure
Galaxy kinematics
Galaxy stellar content
Milky Way dynamics
Dwarf galaxies
Stellar streams

Title: Estimate of the Mass and Radial Profile of the Orphan–Chenab Stream's Dwarf-galaxy Progenitor Using MilkyWay@home

Citation Formats

References (64)

Similar Records

Related Subjects