Microbial formation of stable soil carbon is more efficient from belowground than aboveground input

Sokol, Noah W.; Bradford, Mark A.

doi:10.1038/s41561-018-0258-6

Title: Microbial formation of stable soil carbon is more efficient from belowground than aboveground input

Journal Article · Mon Nov 19 00:00:00 EST 2018 · Nature Geoscience

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-018-0258-6· OSTI ID:1814107

^[1];

^[2]

Yale Univ., New Haven, CT (United States); Lawrence Livermore National Lab. (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)
Yale Univ., New Haven, CT (United States)

The relative contributions of aboveground versus belowground plant carbon inputs to the stable soil organic carbon pool are the subject of much debate—with direct implications for how the carbon cycle is modelled and managed. Additionally, the belowground rhizosphere pathway (that is, carbon exiting the living root) is theorized to form stable soil carbon more efficiently than the aboveground pathway. However, while several mechanisms have been invoked to explain this efficiency, few have been empirically tested or quantified. Here, we use soil microcosms with standardized carbon inputs to investigate three posited mechanisms that differentiate aboveground from belowground input pathways of dissolved organic carbon—through the microbial biomass—to the mineral-stabilized soil organic carbon pool: (1) the physical distance travelled, (2) the microbial abundance in the region in which a carbon compound enters (that is, rhizosphere versus bulk soil) and (3) the frequency and volume of carbon delivery (that is, infrequent ‘pulse’ versus frequent ‘drip’). We demonstrate that through the microbial formation pathway, belowground inputs form mineral-stabilized soil carbon more efficiently than aboveground inputs, partly due to the greater efficiency of formation by the rhizosphere microbial community relative to the bulk soil community. However, we show that because the bulk soil has greater capacity to form mineral-stabilized soil carbon due to its greater overall volume, the relative contributions of aboveground versus belowground carbon inputs depend strongly on the ratio of rhizosphere to bulk soil.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Cite

Export

Save

Research Organization:: Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC52-07NA27344

OSTI ID:: 1814107

Report Number(s):: LLNL-JRNL-791971; 951985

Journal Information:: Nature Geoscience, Vol. 12, Issue 1; ISSN 1752-0894

Publisher:: Nature Publishing GroupCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

References (61)

Soil organic matter turnover is governed by accessibility not recalcitrance Dungait, Jennifer A. J.; Hopkins, David W.; Gregory, Andrew S. Global Change Biology, Vol. 18, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2012.02665.x	journal	March 2012
Networking our science to characterize the state, vulnerabilities, and management opportunities of soil organic matter Harden, Jennifer W.; Hugelius, Gustaf; Ahlström, Anders Global Change Biology, Vol. 24, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.13896	journal	September 2017
Is soil carbon mostly root carbon? Mechanisms for a specific stabilisation Rasse, Daniel P.; Rumpel, Cornelia; Dignac, Marie-France Plant and Soil, Vol. 269, Issue 1-2 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-004-0907-y	journal	February 2005
Roots and Associated Fungi Drive Long-Term Carbon Sequestration in Boreal Forest Clemmensen, K. E.; Bahr, A.; Ovaskainen, O. Science, Vol. 339, Issue 6127 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1231923	journal	March 2013
Persistence of soil organic matter as an ecosystem property Schmidt, Michael W. I.; Torn, Margaret S.; Abiven, Samuel Nature, Vol. 478, Issue 7367 https://doi.org/10.1038/nature10386	journal	October 2011
Carbon input by roots into the soil: Quantification of rhizodeposition from root to ecosystem scale Pausch, Johanna; Kuzyakov, Yakov Global Change Biology, Vol. 24, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.13850	journal	September 2017
Empirical evidence that soil carbon formation from plant inputs is positively related to microbial growth Bradford, Mark A.; Keiser, Ashley D.; Davies, Christian A. Biogeochemistry, Vol. 113, Issue 1-3 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-012-9822-0	journal	January 2013
The Microbial Efficiency-Matrix Stabilization (MEMS) framework integrates plant litter decomposition with soil organic matter stabilization: do labile plant inputs form stable soil organic matter? Cotrufo, M. Francesca; Wallenstein, Matthew D.; Boot, Claudia M. Global Change Biology, Vol. 19, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.12113	journal	February 2013
Evidence for the primacy of living root inputs, not root or shoot litter, in forming soil organic carbon Sokol, Noah W.; Kuebbing, Sara. E.; Karlsen-Ayala, Elena New Phytologist, Vol. 221, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.15361	journal	August 2018
Short-Term Dynamics of Root- and Shoot-Derived Carbon from a Leguminous Green Manure Puget, P.; Drinkwater, L. E. Soil Science Society of America Journal, Vol. 65, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2001.653771x	journal	January 2001
Roots contribute more to refractory soil organic matter than above-ground crop residues, as revealed by a long-term field experiment Kätterer, Thomas; Bolinder, Martin Anders; Andrén, Olof Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, Vol. 141, Issue 1-2 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2011.02.029	journal	April 2011
Greater humification of belowground than aboveground biomass carbon into particulate soil organic matter in no-till corn and soybean crops Mazzilli, Sebastián R.; Kemanian, Armen R.; Ernst, Oswaldo R. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, Vol. 85 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2015.02.014	journal	June 2015
Long term decomposition: the influence of litter type and soil horizon on retention of plant carbon and nitrogen in soils Hicks Pries, Caitlin E.; Bird, Jeffrey A.; Castanha, Cristina Biogeochemistry, Vol. 134, Issue 1-2 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-017-0345-6	journal	May 2017
Using stable isotopes to explore root-microbe-mineral interactions in soil Pett-Ridge, Jennifer; Firestone, Mary K. Rhizosphere, Vol. 3 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rhisph.2017.04.016	journal	June 2017
Contribution of roots and amendments to soil carbon accumulation within the soil profile in a long-term field experiment in Sweden Menichetti, Lorenzo; Ekblad, Alf; Kätterer, Thomas Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, Vol. 200 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2014.11.003	journal	February 2015
A comparative study of dissolved organic carbon transport and stabilization in California forest and grassland soils Sanderman, Jonathan; Amundson, Ronald Biogeochemistry, Vol. 92, Issue 1-2 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-008-9249-9	journal	September 2008
Dissolved Organic Carbon in Terrestrial Ecosystems: Synthesis and a Model Neff, Jason C.; Asner, Gregory P. Ecosystems, Vol. 4, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1007/s100210000058	journal	January 2001
Stabilization mechanisms of soil organic matter: Implications for C-saturation of soils Six, J.; Conant, R. T.; Paul, E. A. Plant and Soil, Vol. 241, Issue 2, p. 155-176 https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1016125726789	journal	January 2002
The Ecology of Soil Carbon: Pools, Vulnerabilities, and Biotic and Abiotic Controls Jackson, Robert B.; Lajtha, Kate; Crow, Susan E. Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics, Vol. 48, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-112414-054234	journal	November 2017
Formation of soil organic matter via biochemical and physical pathways of litter mass loss Cotrufo, M. Francesca; Soong, Jennifer L.; Horton, Andrew J. Nature Geoscience, Vol. 8, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo2520	journal	September 2015
SOM genesis: microbial biomass as a significant source Miltner, Anja; Bombach, Petra; Schmidt-Brücken, Burkhard Biogeochemistry, Vol. 111, Issue 1-3 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-011-9658-z	journal	October 2011
The role of DOM sorption to mineral surfaces in the preservation of organic matter in soils Kaiser, Klaus; Guggenberger, Georg Organic Geochemistry, Vol. 31, Issue 7-8 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0146-6380(00)00046-2	journal	July 2000
Microbial production of recalcitrant organic matter in global soils: implications for productivity and climate policy Liang, Chao; Balser, Teri C. Nature Reviews Microbiology, Vol. 9, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/nrmicro2386-c1	journal	November 2010
Microbially Derived Inputs to Soil Organic Matter: Are Current Estimates Too Low? Simpson, André J.; Simpson, Myrna J.; Smith, Emma Environmental Science & Technology, Vol. 41, Issue 23 https://doi.org/10.1021/es071217x	journal	December 2007
Controls on the Dynamics of Dissolved Organic Matter in Soils: a Review Kalbitz, K.; Solinger, S.; Park, J. -H. Soil Science, Vol. 165, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1097/00010694-200004000-00001	journal	January 2000
The relationship of respiration in organic and mineral soil layers to soil chemical properties Jorgensen, J. R.; Well, C. G. Plant and Soil, Vol. 39, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00014804	journal	October 1973
How Roots Control the flux of Carbon to the Rhizosphere Farrar, John; Hawes, Martha; Jones, Davey Ecology, Vol. 84, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1890/0012-9658(2003)084[0827:HRCTFO]2.0.CO;2	journal	April 2003
Low stabilization of aboveground crop residue carbon in sandy soils of Swedish long-term experiments Poeplau, Christopher; Kätterer, Thomas; Bolinder, Martin A. Geoderma, Vol. 237-238 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2014.09.010	journal	January 2015
Fate of straw- and root-derived carbon in a Swedish agricultural soil Ghafoor, Abdul; Poeplau, Christopher; Kätterer, Thomas Biology and Fertility of Soils, Vol. 53, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00374-016-1168-7	journal	January 2017
Molecular dynamics of shoot vs. root biomarkers in an agricultural soil estimated by natural abundance 13C labelling Mendez-Millan, M.; Dignac, M. -F.; Rumpel, C. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, Vol. 42, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2009.10.010	journal	February 2010
Cover crop root contributions to soil carbon in a no-till corn bioenergy cropping system Austin, Emily E.; Wickings, Kyle; McDaniel, Marshall D. GCB Bioenergy, Vol. 9, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1111/gcbb.12428	journal	January 2017
Mineral protection of soil carbon counteracted by root exudates Keiluweit, Marco; Bougoure, Jeremy J.; Nico, Peter S. Nature Climate Change, Vol. 5, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1038/nclimate2580	journal	March 2015
The carbon we do not see—the impact of low molecular weight compounds on carbon dynamics and respiration in forest soils: a review van Hees, Patrick A. W.; Jones, David L.; Finlay, Roger Soil Biology and Biochemistry, Vol. 37, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2004.06.010	journal	January 2005
Origin, Composition, and Flux of Dissolved Organic Carbon in the Hubbard Brook Valley McDowell, William H.; Likens, Gene E. Ecological Monographs, Vol. 58, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.2307/2937024	journal	September 1988
Rhizosphere processes are quantitatively important components of terrestrial carbon and nutrient cycles Finzi, Adrien C.; Abramoff, Rose Z.; Spiller, Kimberly S. Global Change Biology, Vol. 21, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.12816	journal	January 2015
New approach for capturing soluble root exudates in forest soils Phillips, Richard P.; Erlitz, Yael; Bier, Raven Functional Ecology, Vol. 22, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2435.2008.01495.x	journal	December 2008
Direct evidence for microbial-derived soil organic matter formation and its ecophysiological controls Kallenbach, Cynthia M.; Frey, Serita D.; Grandy, A. Stuart Nature Communications, Vol. 7, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms13630	journal	November 2016
Does the Acid Hydrolysis–Incubation Method Measure Meaningful Soil Organic Carbon Pools? Paul, Eldor A.; Morris, Sherri J.; Conant, Richard T. Soil Science Society of America Journal, Vol. 70, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2005.0103	journal	January 2006
Selective Sorption of Dissolved Organic Carbon Compounds by Temperate Soils Jagadamma, Sindhu; Mayes, Melanie A.; Phillips, Jana R. PLoS ONE, Vol. 7, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0050434	journal	November 2012
Review Mikutta, R.; Kleber, M.; Kaiser, K. Soil Science Society of America Journal, Vol. 69, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2005.0120	journal	January 2005
Similar composition but differential stability of mineral retained organic matter across four classes of clay minerals Sanderman, Jonathan; Maddern, Todd; Baldock, Jeffrey Biogeochemistry, Vol. 121, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-014-0009-8	journal	July 2014
Soil carbon stocks in experimental mesocosms are dependent on the rate of labile carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus inputs to soils Bradford, M. A.; Fierer, N.; Reynolds, J. F. Functional Ecology, Vol. 22, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2435.2008.01404.x	journal	December 2008
13C and 15N stabilization dynamics in soil organic matter fractions during needle and fine root decomposition Bird, Jeffrey A.; Kleber, Markus; Torn, Margaret S. Organic Geochemistry, Vol. 39, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orggeochem.2007.12.003	journal	April 2008
Soil organic carbon stocks in topsoil and subsoil controlled by parent material, carbon input in the rhizosphere, and microbial-derived compounds Angst, Gerrit; Messinger, Johanna; Greiner, Maria Soil Biology and Biochemistry, Vol. 122 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2018.03.026	journal	July 2018
Fate of ectomycorrhizal fungal biomass in a soil bioreactor system and its contribution to soil organic matter formation Schweigert, Michael; Herrmann, Stefanie; Miltner, Anja Soil Biology and Biochemistry, Vol. 88 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2015.05.012	journal	September 2015
The importance of anabolism in microbial control over soil carbon storage Liang, Chao; Schimel, Joshua P.; Jastrow, Julie D. Nature Microbiology, Vol. 2, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1038/nmicrobiol.2017.105	journal	July 2017
Carbon flow in the rhizosphere: carbon trading at the soil–root interface Jones, D. L.; Nguyen, C.; Finlay, R. D. Plant and Soil, Vol. 321, Issue 1-2 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-009-9925-0	journal	February 2009
Biodegradation of ¹⁴ C-Labeled Model and Cornstalk Lignins, Phenols, Model Phenolase Humic Polymers, and Fungal Melanins as Influenced by a Readily Available Carbon Source and Soil Martin, J. P.; Haider, K. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, Vol. 38, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.38.2.283-289.1979	journal	August 1979
Bacterial and Fungal Contributions to Carbon Sequestration in Agroecosystems Six, J.; Frey, S. D.; Thiet, R. K. Soil Science Society of America Journal, Vol. 70, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2004.0347	journal	January 2006
Soil aggregation and carbon sequestration are tightly correlated with the abundance of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi: results from long-term field experiments Wilson, Gail W. T.; Rice, Charles W.; Rillig, Matthias C. Ecology Letters, Vol. 12, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1461-0248.2009.01303.x	journal	May 2009
Rapid and transient response of soil respiration to rain Lee, Xuhui; Wu, Hui-Ju; Sigler, Jeffrey Global Change Biology, Vol. 10, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1529-8817.2003.00787.x	journal	June 2004
Effect of gamma-sterilization and autoclaving on soil organic matter structure as studied by solid state NMR, UV and fluorescence spectroscopy Berns, A. E.; Philipp, H.; Narres, H. -D. European Journal of Soil Science, Vol. 59, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2389.2008.01016.x	journal	June 2008
Relation between Soil Order and Sorption of Dissolved Organic Carbon in Temperate Subsoils Mayes, Melanie A.; Heal, Katherine R.; Brandt, Craig C. Soil Science Society of America Journal, Vol. 76, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2011.0340	journal	January 2012
Acid hydrolysis of easily dispersed and microaggregate-derived silt- and clay-sized fractions to isolate resistant soil organic matter Plante, A. F.; Conant, R. T.; Paul, E. A. European Journal of Soil Science, Vol. 57, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2389.2006.00792.x	journal	August 2006
Understanding the incremental value of novel diagnostic tests for tuberculosis Arinaminpathy, Nimalan; Dowdy, David Nature, Vol. 528, Issue 7580 https://doi.org/10.1038/nature16045	journal	December 2015
An inter-laboratory comparison of ten different ways of measuring soil microbial biomass C Beck, T.; Joergensen, R. G.; Kandeler, E. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, Vol. 29, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0038-0717(97)00030-8	journal	July 1997
Spatial distribution and chemical composition of soil organic matter fractions in rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soil under European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) Angst, Gerrit; Kögel-Knabner, Ingrid; Kirfel, Kristina Geoderma, Vol. 264 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2015.10.016	journal	February 2016
Variations in microbial community composition through two soil depth profiles Fierer, Noah; Schimel, Joshua P.; Holden, Patricia A. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, Vol. 35, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0038-0717(02)00251-1	journal	January 2003
Final Collapse of the Neyman-Pearson Decision Theoretic Framework and Rise of the neoFisherian Hurlbert, Stuart H.; Lombardi, Celia M. Annales Zoologici Fennici, Vol. 46, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.5735/086.046.0501	journal	October 2009
A comparative study of dissolved organic carbon transport and stabilization in California forest and grassland soils Sanderman, Jonathan; Amundson, Ronald Biogeochemistry, Vol. 89, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-008-9221-8	journal	July 2008
Persistence of soil organic matter as an ecosystem property Schmidt, M. W. I.; Torn, M. S.; Abiven, S. Nature Publishing Group https://doi.org/10.5167/uzh-51257	text	January 2011

Cited By (18)

Volatile methanol and acetone additions increase labile soil carbon and inhibit nitrification McBride, Steven G.; Osburn, Ernest D.; Barrett, John E. Biogeochemistry, Vol. 145, Issue 1-2 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-019-00595-0	journal	September 2019
Root–microbial interaction accelerates soil nitrogen depletion but not soil carbon after increasing litter inputs to a coniferous forest Lyu, Maokui; Li, Xiaojie; Xie, Jinsheng Plant and Soil, Vol. 444, Issue 1-2 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-019-04265-w	journal	August 2019
Maize root distributions strongly associated with water tables in Iowa, USA Nichols, Virginia A.; Ordóñez, Raziel A.; Wright, Emily E. Plant and Soil, Vol. 444, Issue 1-2 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-019-04269-6	journal	August 2019
Root litter inputs exert greater influence over soil C than does aboveground litter in a subtropical natural forest Liu, Xiaofei; Lin, Teng-Chiu; Vadeboncoeur, Matthew A. Plant and Soil, Vol. 444, Issue 1-2 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-019-04294-5	journal	September 2019
Effect of woody plant expansion on decomposition of fine root mixtures in a grass-dominated temperate wetland Zhang, Xinhou; Shan, Liping; Tan, Wenwen Wetlands Ecology and Management, Vol. 28, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11273-019-09698-9	journal	November 2019
Metabolomics reveals that engineered nanomaterial exposure in soil alters both soil rhizosphere metabolite profiles and maize metabolic pathways Zhao, Lijuan; Zhang, Huiling; White, Jason C. Environmental Science: Nano, Vol. 6, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1039/c9en00137a	journal	January 2019
Asynchronous nitrogen supply and demand produce nonlinear plant allocation responses to warming and elevated CO ₂ Noyce, Genevieve L.; Kirwan, Matthew L.; Rich, Roy L. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 116, Issue 43 https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1904990116	journal	October 2019
Effects of plant diversity on soil carbon in diverse ecosystems: a global meta‐analysis Chen, Xinli; Chen, Han Y. H.; Chen, Chen Biological Reviews, Vol. 95, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1111/brv.12554	journal	October 2019
Pathways of mineral‐associated soil organic matter formation: Integrating the role of plant carbon source, chemistry, and point of entry Sokol, Noah W.; Sanderman, Jonathan; Bradford, Mark A. Global Change Biology, Vol. 25, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.14482	journal	November 2018
How do hedgerows influence soil organic carbon stock in livestock‐grazed pasture? Ford, Hilary; Healey, John R.; Webb, Bid Soil Use and Management, Vol. 35, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1111/sum.12517	journal	June 2019
The landscape of soil carbon data: Emerging questions, synergies and databases Malhotra, Avni; Todd-Brown, Katherine; Nave, Lucas E. Progress in Physical Geography: Earth and Environment, Vol. 43, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1177/0309133319873309	journal	May 2019
Building houses and managing lawns could limit yard soil carbon for centuries Peach, Morgan E.; Ogden, Laura A.; Mora, Eleni A. Carbon Balance and Management, Vol. 14, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1186/s13021-019-0124-x	journal	August 2019
Deprivation of root-derived resources affects microbial biomass but not community structure in litter and soil Bluhm, Sarah L.; Eitzinger, Bernhard; Ferlian, Olga PLOS ONE, Vol. 14, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0214233	journal	March 2019
Resistance of Soil Organic Matter in “Humic A Horizons” of the Mountainous Region in the State of Rio De Janeiro Fontana, Ademir; Pereira, Marcos Gervasio; Balieiro, Fabiano de Carvalho Floresta e Ambiente, Vol. 27, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1590/2179-8087.009119	journal	January 2020
The Role of Plant Litter in Driving Plant-Soil Feedbacks Veen, G. F. (Ciska); Fry, Ellen L.; ten Hooven, Freddy C. Frontiers in Environmental Science, Vol. 7 https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2019.00168	journal	October 2019
Constraining carbon and nutrient flows in soil with ecological stoichiometry Buchkowski, Robert; Shaw, Alanna; Sihi, Debjani Zenodo https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3464584	text	January 2019
Niche differentiation is spatially and temporally regulated in the rhizosphere Nuccio, Erin E.; Starr, Evan; Karaoz, Ulas The ISME Journal, Vol. 14, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41396-019-0582-x	journal	January 2020
Constraining carbon and nutrient flows in soil with ecological stoichiometry Buchkowski, Robert; Shaw, Alanna; Sihi, Debjani Zenodo https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3464585	text	January 2019

Similar Records

Long-term compost amendment modulates wheat genotype differences in belowground carbon allocation, microbial rhizosphere recruitment and nitrogen acquisition

Journal Article · Tue Jun 28 00:00:00 EDT 2022 · Soil Biology and Biochemistry · OSTI ID:1814107

Kelly, Courtland; Haddix, Michelle L.; Byrne, Patrick F.; +5 more

Chemical changes to nonagrregtaed particulate soil organic matter following grassland-to woodland transition ina subtropical savanna.

Journal Article · Sat Jul 19 00:00:00 EDT 2008 · JGR: Biogeosciences · OSTI ID:1814107

Filley, T R; Boutton, T W; Liao, J D; +2 more

Plant litter traits control microbial decomposition and drive soil carbon stabilization

Journal Article · Sun Oct 23 00:00:00 EDT 2022 · Soil Biology and Biochemistry · OSTI ID:1814107

Ridgeway, Joanna; Morrissey, Ember; Brzostek, Edward

Related Subjects

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
58 GEOSCIENCES
biogeochemistry
ecology

Title: Microbial formation of stable soil carbon is more efficient from belowground than aboveground input

Citation Formats

References (61)

Cited By (18)

Similar Records

Related Subjects