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Title: Reducing Parallel Communication in Algebraic Multigrid through Sparsification

Journal Article · · SIAM Journal on Scientific Computing
DOI:https://doi.org/10.1137/15m1026341· OSTI ID:1808755
 [1];  [2];  [1];  [1];  [2]
  1. Univ. of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL (United States)
  2. Lawrence Livermore National Lab. (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States). Center for Applied Scientific Computing

Algebraic multigrid (AMG) is an $$\mathcal{O}(n)$$ solution process for many large sparse linear systems. A hierarchy of progressively coarser grids which utilize complementary relaxation and interpolation operators is constructed. High-energy error is reduced by relaxation, while low-energy error is mapped to coarse-grid matrices and reduced there. However, large parallel communication costs often limit parallel scalability. Furthermore, as the multigrid hierarchy is formed, each coarse matrix is formed through a triple matrix product. The resulting coarse grids often have significantly more nonzeros per row than the original fine-grid operator, thereby generating high parallel communication costs associated with sparse matrix-vector multiplication (SpMV) on coarse levels. In this paper, we introduce a method that systematically removes entries in coarse-grid matrices after the hierarchy is formed, leading to improved communication costs. We sparsify by removing weakly connected or unimportant entries in the matrix, leading to improved solve time. The main trade-off is that if the heuristic identifying unimportant entries is used too aggressively, then AMG convergence can suffer. To counteract this, the original hierarchy is retained, allowing entries to be reintroduced into the solver hierarchy if convergence is too slow. This enables a balance between communication cost and convergence, as necessary. In this paper we present new algorithms for reducing communication and present a number of computational experiments in support.

Research Organization:
Lawrence Livermore National Lab. (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)
Sponsoring Organization:
USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA)
Grant/Contract Number:
AC52-07NA27344
OSTI ID:
1808755
Report Number(s):
LLNL-JRNL-673388; 796162
Journal Information:
SIAM Journal on Scientific Computing, Vol. 38, Issue 5; ISSN 1064-8275
Publisher:
Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics (SIAM)Copyright Statement
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English

References (16)

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Collocation Coarse Approximation in Multigrid journal January 2009
Sparse matrix approximations for multigrid methods journal August 2016
Graph Sparsification by Effective Resistances journal January 2011
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Non-Galerkin Coarse Grids for Algebraic Multigrid journal January 2014
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Reducing Complexity in Parallel Algebraic Multigrid Preconditioners journal January 2006
Distance-two interpolation for parallel algebraic multigrid journal January 2008
Multigrid Methods for Variational Problems journal October 1982
A new perspective on strength measures in algebraic multigrid: STRENGTH MEASURES IN ALGEBRAIC MULTIGRID journal November 2009
On long-range interpolation operators for aggressive coarsening: INTERPOLATION FOR AGGRESSIVE COARSENING journal December 2009

Cited By (1)

Preparing sparse solvers for exascale computing
  • Anzt, Hartwig; Boman, Erik; Falgout, Rob
  • Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, Vol. 378, Issue 2166 https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2019.0053
journal January 2020

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