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Title: Inverter-Based Operation of Maui: Electromagnetic Transient Simulations

Abstract

As larger and larger power systems approach and reach 100% inverter-based resource (IBR) operation during some hours of the year, questions arise regarding the stability of such extremely-high IBR power systems, the potential need for grid-forming (GFM) inverter technology, and the potential need for synchronous condensers. Relatedly, questions also arise about the ability of conventional positive sequence power system modeling tools to capture high-IBR system dynamics. This presentation introduces electromagnetic transient (EMT) simulations in PSCAD of the near-future (year 2023) Maui power system at and near 100% IBR operation and compares those simulations to positive sequence (PSSE) simulations. The Maui PSCAD model is parallelized on 30 cores and includes the entire transmission system (>200 three-phase buses), >170 individual and aggregate IBR models, four wind plants, and three synchronous generators plus six synchronous condensers at two locations. We investigate system stability with varying levels of inertia using conventional grid-following IBR controls, and then we investigate the impact of GFM controls on stability. Results suggest that: 1) positive sequence simulations can miss key dynamics in extremely high IBR cases; 2) EMT simulations can also miss key dynamics if inverter inner control dynamics are not modeled; 3) synchronous condensers can stabilize a systemmore » in which 100% of the energy is supplied by IBRs, even conventional grid-following IBRs; 4) GFM controls on just some of the IBRs can stabilize a 100% IBR power system, even if that system has zero inertia (i.e. no synchronous condensers, though synchronous condensers may be needed for other purposes such as protection system operations).« less

Authors:
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Publication Date:
Research Org.:
National Renewable Energy Lab. (NREL), Golden, CO (United States)
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), Renewable Power Office. Solar Energy Technologies Office
OSTI Identifier:
1782123
Report Number(s):
NREL/PR-5D00-79852
MainId:39070;UUID:2bc51a77-bcdf-4e71-ac13-7e444efead15;MainAdminID:22372
DOE Contract Number:  
DE-AC36-08GO28308
Resource Type:
Conference
Resource Relation:
Conference: Presented at the Inverter-Based Resource Performance Working Group (IRPWG), 24 March 2021
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
41 EE - Solar Energy Technologies Office (EE-4S); island power systems; electromagnetic transient simulation; power system stability; grid-forming inverters; inverter-based resources

Citation Formats

Hoke, Andy, Kenyon, Wallace, Wang, Bin, Tan, Jin, Yau, Gemini, Asano, Marc, and Dangelmaier, Lisa. Inverter-Based Operation of Maui: Electromagnetic Transient Simulations. United States: N. p., 2021. Web.
Hoke, Andy, Kenyon, Wallace, Wang, Bin, Tan, Jin, Yau, Gemini, Asano, Marc, & Dangelmaier, Lisa. Inverter-Based Operation of Maui: Electromagnetic Transient Simulations. United States.
Hoke, Andy, Kenyon, Wallace, Wang, Bin, Tan, Jin, Yau, Gemini, Asano, Marc, and Dangelmaier, Lisa. 2021. "Inverter-Based Operation of Maui: Electromagnetic Transient Simulations". United States. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1782123.
@article{osti_1782123,
title = {Inverter-Based Operation of Maui: Electromagnetic Transient Simulations},
author = {Hoke, Andy and Kenyon, Wallace and Wang, Bin and Tan, Jin and Yau, Gemini and Asano, Marc and Dangelmaier, Lisa},
abstractNote = {As larger and larger power systems approach and reach 100% inverter-based resource (IBR) operation during some hours of the year, questions arise regarding the stability of such extremely-high IBR power systems, the potential need for grid-forming (GFM) inverter technology, and the potential need for synchronous condensers. Relatedly, questions also arise about the ability of conventional positive sequence power system modeling tools to capture high-IBR system dynamics. This presentation introduces electromagnetic transient (EMT) simulations in PSCAD of the near-future (year 2023) Maui power system at and near 100% IBR operation and compares those simulations to positive sequence (PSSE) simulations. The Maui PSCAD model is parallelized on 30 cores and includes the entire transmission system (>200 three-phase buses), >170 individual and aggregate IBR models, four wind plants, and three synchronous generators plus six synchronous condensers at two locations. We investigate system stability with varying levels of inertia using conventional grid-following IBR controls, and then we investigate the impact of GFM controls on stability. Results suggest that: 1) positive sequence simulations can miss key dynamics in extremely high IBR cases; 2) EMT simulations can also miss key dynamics if inverter inner control dynamics are not modeled; 3) synchronous condensers can stabilize a system in which 100% of the energy is supplied by IBRs, even conventional grid-following IBRs; 4) GFM controls on just some of the IBRs can stabilize a 100% IBR power system, even if that system has zero inertia (i.e. no synchronous condensers, though synchronous condensers may be needed for other purposes such as protection system operations).},
doi = {},
url = {https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1782123}, journal = {},
number = ,
volume = ,
place = {United States},
year = {Mon May 03 00:00:00 EDT 2021},
month = {Mon May 03 00:00:00 EDT 2021}
}

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