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Title: The first T cell response to transmitted/founder virus contributes to the control of acute viremia in HIV-1 infection

Journal Article · · Journal of Experimental Medicine
DOI:https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.20090365· OSTI ID:1625194
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  1. University of Oxford (United Kingdom)
  2. University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL (United States)
  3. Duke University, Durham, NC (United States)
  4. Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)
  5. Harvard University, Boston, MA (United States)
  6. University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (United States)
  7. Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States); The Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, NM (United States)
+ Show Author Affiliations

Identification of the transmitted/founder virus makes possible, for the first time, a genome-wide analysis of host immune responses against the infecting HIV-1 proteome. A complete dissection was made of the primary HIV-1–specific T cell response induced in three acutely infected patients. Cellular assays, together with new algorithms which identify sites of positive selection in the virus genome, showed that primary HIV-1–specific T cells rapidly select escape mutations concurrent with falling virus load in acute infection. Kinetic analysis and mathematical modeling of virus immune escape showed that the contribution of CD8 T cell–mediated killing of productively infected cells was earlier and much greater than previously recognized and that it contributed to the initial decline of plasma virus in acute infection. After virus escape, these first T cell responses often rapidly waned, leaving or being succeeded by T cell responses to epitopes which escaped more slowly or were invariant. These latter responses are likely to be important in maintaining the already established virus set point. In addition to mutations selected by T cells, there were other selected regions that accrued mutations more gradually but were not associated with a T cell response. These included clusters of mutations in envelope that were targeted by NAbs, a few isolated sites that reverted to the consensus sequence, and bystander mutations in linkage with T cell–driven escape.

Research Organization:
Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)
Sponsoring Organization:
USDOE Office of Science (SC), Biological and Environmental Research (BER). Biological Systems Science Division; Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology; National Institute for Health; Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation; Jenner Fellowship; USDOE Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) Program
Grant/Contract Number:
AC52-06NA25396; A1067854-03; 37874
OSTI ID:
1625194
Journal Information:
Journal of Experimental Medicine, Vol. 206, Issue 6; ISSN 0022-1007
Publisher:
Rockefeller University PressCopyright Statement
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English

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