Improved retrievals of carbon dioxide from Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2 with the version 8 ACOS algorithm

O'Dell, Christopher W.; Eldering, Annmarie; Wennberg, Paul O.; Crisp, David; Gunson, Michael R.; Fisher, Brendan; Frankenberg, Christian; Kiel, Matthäus; Lindqvist, Hannakaisa; Mandrake, Lukas; Merrelli, Aronne; Natraj, Vijay; Nelson, Robert R.; Osterman, Gregory B.; Payne, Vivienne H.; Taylor, Thomas E.; Wunch, Debra; Drouin, Brian J.; Oyafuso, Fabiano; Chang, Albert; McDuffie, James; Smyth, Michael; Baker, David F.; Basu, Sourish; Chevallier, Frédéric; Crowell, Sean M.  R.; Feng, Liang; Palmer, Paul I.; Dubey, Mavendra Krishna; García, Omaira E.; Griffith, David W.  T.; Hase, Frank; Iraci, Laura T.; Kivi, Rigel; Morino, Isamu; Notholt, Justus; Ohyama, Hirofumi; Petri, Christof; Roehl, Coleen M.; Sha, Mahesh K.; Strong, Kimberly; Sussmann, Ralf; Te, Yao; Uchino, Osamu; Velazco, Voltaire A.

doi:10.5194/amt-11-6539-2018

Title: Improved retrievals of carbon dioxide from Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2 with the version 8 ACOS algorithm

Journal Article · Tue Dec 11 00:00:00 EST 2018 · Atmospheric Measurement Techniques (Online)

DOI:https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-11-6539-2018· OSTI ID:1557767

O'Dell, Christopher W. ^[1]; Eldering, Annmarie ^[2];

^[2];

^[2]; Gunson, Michael R. ^[2]; Fisher, Brendan ^[2];

^[2];

^[2]; Lindqvist, Hannakaisa ^[3]; Mandrake, Lukas ^[2]; Merrelli, Aronne ^[4]; Natraj, Vijay ^[2]; Nelson, Robert R. ^[1]; Osterman, Gregory B. ^[2]; Payne, Vivienne H. ^[2];

^[1];

^[5]; Drouin, Brian J. ^[2]; Oyafuso, Fabiano ^[2]; Chang, Albert ^[2] more »

Colorado State Univ., Fort Collins, CO (United States)
California Inst. of Technology (CalTech), Pasadena, CA (United States)
Finnish Meteorological Inst., Helsinki (Finland)
Univ. of Wisconsin, Madison, WI (United States)
Univ. of Toronto, ON (Canada)
NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO (United States); Univ. of Colorado, Boulder, CO (United States)
CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, Gif-sur-Yvette (France)
Univ. of Oklahoma, Norman, OK (United States)
Univ. of Edinburgh, Scotland (United Kingdom)
Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)
Meteorological State Agency of Spain (AEMet), Santa Cruz de Tenerife (Spain)
Univ. of Wollongong, NSW (Australia)
Karlsruhe Inst. of Technology (Germany)
NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA (United States)
Finnish Meteorological Institute, Sodankylä (Finland)
National Inst. for Environmental Studies (NIES), Tsukuba (Japan)
Univ. of Bremen (Germany)
Royal Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy, Brussels (Belgium)
Sorbonne Université, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, Paris (France)

Since September 2014, NASA's Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2 (OCO-2) satellite has been taking measurements of reflected solar spectra and using them to infer atmospheric carbon dioxide levels. This work provides details of the OCO-2 retrieval algorithm, versions 7 and 8, used to derive the column-averaged dry air mole fraction of atmospheric CO₂( $X_{{CO}_{2}}$ ) for the roughly 100000 cloud-free measurements recorded by OCO-2 each day. The algorithm is based on the Atmospheric Carbon Observations from Space (ACOS) algorithm which has been applied to observations from the Greenhouse Gases Observing SATellite (GOSAT) since 2009, with modifications necessary for OCO-2. Because high accuracy,better than 0.25%, is required in order to accurately infer carbon sources and sinks from $X_{{CO}_{2}}$ , significant errors and regional-scale biases in the measurements must be minimized. We discuss efforts to filter out poor-quality measurements, and correct the remaining good-quality measurements to minimize regional-scale biases. Updates to the radiance calibration and retrieval forward model in version 8 have improved many aspects of the retrieved data products. The version 8 data appear to have reduced regional-scale biases overall, and demonstrate a clear improvement over the version 7 data. In particular, error variance with respect to TCCON was reduced by 20% over land and 40% over ocean between versions 7 and 8, and nadir and glint observations over land are now more consistent. While this paper documents the significant improvements in the ACOS algorithm, it will continue to evolve and improve as the CO₂ data record continues to expand.

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Research Organization:: Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC). Biological and Environmental Research (BER) (SC-23)

Grant/Contract Number:: 89233218CNA000001

OSTI ID:: 1557767

Report Number(s):: LA-UR-19-22771

Journal Information:: Atmospheric Measurement Techniques (Online), Vol. 11, Issue 12; ISSN 1867-8548

Publisher:: European Geosciences UnionCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Cited by: 152 works

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An atmospheric perspective on North American carbon dioxide exchange: CarbonTracker Peters, W.; Jacobson, A. R.; Sweeney, C. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 104, Issue 48 https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0708986104	journal	November 2007
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The Potential of the Geostationary Carbon Cycle Observatory (GeoCarb) to Provide Multi-scale Constraints on the Carbon Cycle in the Americas Moore III, Berrien; Crowell, Sean M. R.; Rayner, Peter J. Frontiers in Environmental Science, Vol. 6 https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2018.00109	journal	October 2018
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A very high-resolution (1 km×1 km) global fossil fuel CO ₂ emission inventory derived using a point source database and satellite observations of nighttime lights Oda, T.; Maksyutov, S. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 11, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-543-2011	journal	January 2011
TCCON data from Bremen (DE), Release GGG2014.R0 Notholt, J.; Petri, C.; Warneke, T. Total Carbon Column Observing Network (TCCON), 1 file (9.1 MB) https://doi.org/10.14291/tccon.ggg2014.bremen01.R0/1149275	dataset	September 2017
A Fast Atmospheric Trace Gas Retrieval for Hyperspectral Instruments Approximating Multiple Scattering—Part 2: Application to XCO2 Retrievals from OCO-2 Reuter, Maximilian; Buchwitz, Michael; Schneising, Oliver Remote Sensing, Vol. 9, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.3390/rs9111102	journal	October 2017
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TCCON data from Ascension Island (SH), Release GGG2014.R0 Feist, D. G.; Arnold, S. G.; John, N. Total Carbon Column Observing Network (TCCON), 1 file (13.1 MB) https://doi.org/10.14291/tccon.ggg2014.ascension01.R0/1149285	dataset	February 2017
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Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy measurements of H ₂ O-broadened half-widths of CO ₂ at 4.3 μmThis article is part of a Special Issue on Spectroscopy at the University of New Brunswick in honour of Colan Linton and Ron Lees. Sung, Keeyoon; Brown, Linda R.; Toth, Robert A. Canadian Journal of Physics, Vol. 87, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1139/P08-130	journal	May 2009
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The utility of remotely sensed CO ₂ concentration data in surface source inversions Rayner, P. J.; O'Brien, D. M. Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 28, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1029/2000GL011912	journal	January 2001
On the Ability of Space-Based Passive and Active Remote Sensing Observations of CO ₂ to Detect Flux Perturbations to the Carbon Cycle Crowell, Sean M. R.; Randolph Kawa, S.; Browell, Edward V. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, Vol. 123, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1002/2017JD027836	journal	January 2018
The HITRAN2012 molecular spectroscopic database Rothman, L. S.; Gordon, I. E.; Babikov, Y. Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer, Vol. 130, p. 4-50 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jqsrt.2013.07.002	journal	November 2013
The ACOS CO ₂ retrieval algorithm – Part 1: Description and validation against synthetic observations O'Dell, C. W.; Connor, B.; Bösch, H. Atmospheric Measurement Techniques, Vol. 5, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-5-99-2012	journal	January 2012
First Global Carbon Dioxide Maps Produced from TanSat Measurements Yang, Dongxu; Liu, Yi; Cai, Zhaonan Advances in Atmospheric Sciences, Vol. 35, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00376-018-7312-6	journal	April 2018
Global Concentrations of CO2 and CH4 Retrieved from GOSAT: First Preliminary Results Yokota, T.; Yoshida, Y.; Eguchi, N. SOLA, Vol. 5 https://doi.org/10.2151/sola.2009-041	journal	January 2009
Evaluation and attribution of OCO-2 XCO ₂ uncertainties Worden, John R.; Doran, Gary; Kulawik, Susan Atmospheric Measurement Techniques, Vol. 10, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-10-2759-2017	journal	January 2017
Measuring atmospheric carbon dioxide from space with the Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2 (OCO-2) Crisp, D. SPIE Optical Engineering + Applications, SPIE Proceedings https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2187291	conference	September 2015
TCCON data from Ny Ålesund, Spitsbergen (NO), Release GGG2014.R0 Notholt, J.; Warneke, T.; Petri, C. Total Carbon Column Observing Network (TCCON), 1 file (9.6 MB) https://doi.org/10.14291/tccon.ggg2014.nyalesund01.r0/1149278	dataset	October 2017
Solar Line List for the TCCON 2014 Data Release Toon, Geoffrey C. CaltechDATA https://doi.org/10.14291/tccon.ggg2014.solar.r0/1221658	dataset	January 2015
OCO-2 Level 2 bias-corrected XCO2 and other select fields from the full-physics retrieval aggregated as daily files, Retrospective processing V10r Science Data Operations System, Jet Propulsion Laboratory NASA Goddard Earth Sciences Data and Information Services Center https://doi.org/10.5067/e4e140xdmpo2	dataset	January 2020
Probabilistic global maps of the CO ₂ column at daily and monthly scales from sparse satellite measurements Chevallier, Frédéric; Broquet, Grégoire; Pierangelo, Clémence Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, Vol. 122, Issue 14 https://doi.org/10.1002/2017jd026453	journal	July 2017
Water vapor self-continuum absorption in near-infrared windows derived from laboratory measurements Ptashnik, Igor V.; McPheat, Robert A.; Shine, Keith P. Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 116, Issue D16 https://doi.org/10.1029/2011jd015603	journal	January 2011
Retrievals of atmospheric CO_2 from simulated space-borne measurements of backscattered near-infrared sunlight: accounting for aerosol effects Butz, André; Hasekamp, Otto P.; Frankenberg, Christian Applied Optics, Vol. 48, Issue 18 https://doi.org/10.1364/ao.48.003322	journal	January 2009
Effects of atmospheric light scattering on spectroscopic observations of greenhouse gases from space. Part 2 : Algorithm intercomparison in the GOSAT data processing for CO₂ retrievals over TCCON sites Oshchepkov, Sergey; Bril, Andrey; Yokota, Tatsuya John Wiley and Sons https://doi.org/10.5445/ir/1000079990	text	January 2013
OCO-2 Level 2 bias-corrected XCO2 and other select fields from the full-physics retrieval aggregated as daily files, Retrospective processing V10r Science Computing Facility, Jet Propulsion Laboratory NASA Goddard Earth Sciences Data and Information Services Center https://doi.org/10.5067/xr7zwyskp7d0	dataset	January 2017

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Towards monitoring localized CO ₂ emissions from space: co-located regional CO ₂ and NO ₂ enhancements observed by the OCO-2 and S5P satellites Reuter, Maximilian; Buchwitz, Michael; Schneising, Oliver Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 19, Issue 14 https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-9371-2019	journal	January 2019
Evaluation of MOPITT Version 7 joint TIR-NIR XCO retrievals with TCCON Hedelius, J. K.; He, T. -L.; Jones, D. B. A. Karlsruhe https://doi.org/10.5445/ir/1000099612	text	January 2019
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Full-physics carbon dioxide retrievals from the Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2 (OCO-2) satellite by only using the 2.06 µm band Wu, Lianghai; Hasekamp, Otto; Hu, Haili Atmospheric Measurement Techniques, Vol. 12, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-12-6049-2019	journal	January 2019
How bias correction goes wrong: measurement of X _{CO ₂} affected by erroneous surface pressure estimates Kiel, Matthäus; O'Dell, Christopher W.; Fisher, Brendan Atmospheric Measurement Techniques, Vol. 12, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-12-2241-2019	journal	January 2019
Estimating power plant CO ₂ emission using OCO-2 XCO ₂ and high resolution WRF-Chem simulations Zheng, Tao; Nassar, Ray; Baxter, Martin Environmental Research Letters, Vol. 14, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ab25ae	journal	July 2019
A Theoretical Analysis for Improving Aerosol-Induced CO2 Retrieval Uncertainties Over Land Based on TanSat Nadir Observations Under Clear Sky Conditions Chen, Xi; Liu, Yi; Yang, Dongxu Remote Sensing, Vol. 11, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11091061	journal	May 2019
The 2015–2016 carbon cycle as seen from OCO-2 and the global in situ network Crowell, Sean; Baker, David; Schuh, Andrew Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 19, Issue 15 https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-9797-2019	journal	January 2019
Net carbon emissions from African biosphere dominate pan-tropical atmospheric CO2 signal Palmer, Paul I.; Feng, Liang; Baker, David Nature Communications, Vol. 10, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-11097-w	journal	August 2019
Evaluation of MOPITT Version 7 joint TIR–NIR X_CO retrievals with TCCON Hedelius, Jacob K.; He, Tai-Long; Jones, Dylan B. A. Atmospheric Measurement Techniques, Vol. 12, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-12-5547-2019	journal	January 2019
The impact of improved aerosol priors on near-infrared measurements of carbon dioxide Nelson, Robert R.; O'Dell, Christopher W. Atmospheric Measurement Techniques, Vol. 12, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-12-1495-2019	journal	January 2019
Validation of OCO-2 error analysis using simulated retrievals Kulawik, Susan S.; O'Dell, Chris; Nelson, Robert R. Atmospheric Measurement Techniques, Vol. 12, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-12-5317-2019	journal	January 2019
Classification of Anomalous Pixels in the Focal Plane Arrays of Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2 and -3 via Machine Learning Marchetti, Yuliya; Rosenberg, Robert; Crisp, David Remote Sensing, Vol. 11, Issue 24 https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11242901	journal	December 2019
Southern California megacity CO 2 , CH 4 , and CO flux estimates using ground- and space-based remote sensing and a Lagrangian model Hedelius, Jacob K.; Liu, Junjie; Oda, Tomohiro Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 18, Issue 22 https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-16271-2018	journal	January 2018
Sensitivity of near‐infrared transmittance calculations for remote sensing applications to recent changes in spectroscopic information Menang, Kaah P. Atmospheric Science Letters, Vol. 20, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1002/asl.942	journal	November 2019
Analysis of Four Years of Global XCO2 Anomalies as Seen by Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2 Hakkarainen, Janne; Ialongo, Iolanda; Maksyutov, Shamil Remote Sensing, Vol. 11, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11070850	journal	April 2019
Quantifying the impact of aerosol scattering on the retrieval of methane from airborne remote sensing measurements Huang, Yunxia; Natraj, Vijay; Zeng, Zhao-Cheng Copernicus Publications https://doi.org/10.48350/181860	text	January 2020
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WOMBAT: A fully Bayesian global flux-inversion framework Zammit-Mangion, Andrew; Bertolacci, Michael; Fisher, Jenny arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2102.04004	preprint	January 2021
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54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
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Title: Improved retrievals of carbon dioxide from Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2 with the version 8 ACOS algorithm

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