Surface-Synthesized Graphene Nanoribbons for Room Temperature Switching Devices: Substrate Transfer and ex Situ Characterization

Barin, Gabriela Borin; Fairbrother, Andrew; Rotach, Lukas; Bayle, Maxime; Paillet, Matthieu; Liang, Liangbo; Meunier, Vincent; Hauert, Roland; Dumslaff, Tim; Narita, Akimitsu; Müllen, Klaus; Sahabudeen, Hafeesudeen; Berger, Reinhard; Feng, Xinliang; Fasel, Roman; Ruffieux, Pascal

doi:10.1021/acsanm.9b00151

Title: Surface-Synthesized Graphene Nanoribbons for Room Temperature Switching Devices: Substrate Transfer and ex Situ Characterization

Journal Article · Wed Mar 20 00:00:00 EDT 2019 · ACS Applied Nano Materials

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1021/acsanm.9b00151· OSTI ID:1515681

^[1]; Fairbrother, Andrew ^[1]; Rotach, Lukas ^[1]; Bayle, Maxime ^[2]; Paillet, Matthieu ^[2];

^[3]; Meunier, Vincent ^[4]; Hauert, Roland ^[1]; Dumslaff, Tim ^[5];

^[5];

^[5]; Sahabudeen, Hafeesudeen ^[6];

^[6];

^[7];

^[1]

Swiss Federal Labs for Materials Science and Technology, Dubendorf (Switzerland)
Univ. de Montpellier, Montpellier (France)
Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States); Rensselaer Polytechnic Inst., Troy, NY (United States)
Rensselaer Polytechnic Inst., Troy, NY (United States)
Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Mainz (Germany)
Technische Univ. Dresden, Dresdan (Germany)
Swiss Federal Labs for Materials Science and Technology, Dubendorf (Switzerland); Univ. of Bern, Bern (Switzerland)

Recent progress in the on-surface synthesis of graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) has given access to atomically precise narrow GNRs with tunable electronic band gaps which makes them excellent candidates for room temperature switching devices such as field-effect transistors (FET). However, in spite of their exceptional properties, significant challenges remain for GNR processing and characterization. This contribution addresses some of the most important challenges, including GNR fabrication scalability, substrate transfer, long-term stability under ambient conditions, and ex situ characterization. We focus on 7- and 9-atom-wide armchair graphene nanoribbons (i.e., 7-AGNR and 9-AGNR) grown on 200 nm Au(111)/mica substrates using a high throughput system. Transfer of both 7- and 9-AGNRs from their Au growth substrate onto various target substrates for additional characterization is accomplished utilizing a polymer-free method that avoids residual contamination. This results in a homogeneous GNR film morphology with very few tears and wrinkles, as examined by atomic force microscopy. Raman spectroscopy indicates no significant degradation of GNR quality upon substrate transfer and reveals that GNRs have remarkable stability under ambient conditions over a 24 month period. The transferred GNRs are analyzed using multiwavelength Raman spectroscopy, which provides detailed insight into the wavelength dependence of the width-specific vibrational modes. Finally, we characterize the optical properties of 7- and 9-AGNRs via ultraviolet–visible (UV–vis) spectroscopy.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Cite

Export

Save

Research Organization:: Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE

Grant/Contract Number:: AC05-00OR22725

OSTI ID:: 1515681

Journal Information:: ACS Applied Nano Materials, Vol. 2, Issue 4; ISSN 2574-0970

Publisher:: American Chemical Society (ACS)Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Citation Metrics:

Cited by: 58 works

Citation information provided by
Web of Science

References (38)

Atomically precise bottom-up fabrication of graphene nanoribbons Cai, Jinming; Ruffieux, Pascal; Jaafar, Rached Nature, Vol. 466, Issue 7305 https://doi.org/10.1038/nature09211	journal	July 2010
Exciton-dominated optical response of ultra-narrow graphene nanoribbons Denk, Richard; Hohage, Michael; Zeppenfeld, Peter Nature Communications, Vol. 5, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms5253	journal	July 2014
Short-channel field-effect transistors with 9-atom and 13-atom wide graphene nanoribbons Llinas, Juan Pablo; Fairbrother, Andrew; Borin Barin, Gabriela Nature Communications, Vol. 8, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-017-00734-x	journal	September 2017
High vacuum synthesis and ambient stability of bottom-up graphene nanoribbons Fairbrother, Andrew; Sanchez-Valencia, Juan-Ramon; Lauber, Beat Nanoscale, Vol. 9, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1039/C6NR08975E	journal	January 2017
On-Surface Synthesis and Characterization of 9-Atom Wide Armchair Graphene Nanoribbons Talirz, Leopold; Söde, Hajo; Dumslaff, Tim ACS Nano, Vol. 11, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.6b06405	journal	February 2017
On-surface synthesis of graphene nanoribbons with zigzag edge topology Ruffieux, Pascal; Wang, Shiyong; Yang, Bo Nature, Vol. 531, Issue 7595 https://doi.org/10.1038/nature17151	journal	March 2016
On-Surface Synthesis of Atomically Precise Graphene Nanoribbons Talirz, Leopold; Ruffieux, Pascal; Fasel, Roman Advanced Materials, Vol. 28, Issue 29 https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201505738	journal	February 2016
Bottom-up graphene nanoribbon field-effect transistors Bennett, Patrick B.; Pedramrazi, Zahra; Madani, Ali Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 103, Issue 25 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4855116	journal	December 2013
Transfer of Large-Area Graphene Films for High-Performance Transparent Conductive Electrodes Li, Xuesong; Zhu, Yanwu; Cai, Weiwei Nano Letters, Vol. 9, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1021/nl902623y	journal	December 2009
Electrochemical Delamination of CVD-Grown Graphene Film: Toward the Recyclable Use of Copper Catalyst Wang, Yu; Zheng, Yi; Xu, Xiangfan ACS Nano, Vol. 5, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1021/nn203700w	journal	November 2011
Roll-to-roll production of 30-inch graphene films for transparent electrodes Bae, Sukang; Kim, Hyeongkeun; Lee, Youngbin Nature Nanotechnology, Vol. 5, Issue 8, p. 574-578 https://doi.org/10.1038/nnano.2010.132	journal	June 2010
A Direct and Polymer-Free Method for Transferring Graphene Grown by Chemical Vapor Deposition to Any Substrate Lin, Wei-Hsiang; Chen, Ting-Hui; Chang, Jan-Kai ACS Nano, Vol. 8, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1021/nn406170d	journal	January 2014
Graphene transfer: key for applications Kang, Junmo; Shin, Dolly; Bae, Sukang Nanoscale, Vol. 4, Issue 18 https://doi.org/10.1039/c2nr31317k	journal	January 2012
Strain, Bubbles, Dirt, and Folds: A Study of Graphene Polymer-Assisted Transfer Hallam, Toby; Berner, Nina C.; Yim, Chanyoung Advanced Materials Interfaces, Vol. 1, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1002/admi.201400115	journal	May 2014
Synthesis of Graphene Nanoribbons by Ambient-Pressure Chemical Vapor Deposition and Device Integration Chen, Zongping; Zhang, Wen; Palma, Carlos-Andres Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 138, Issue 47 https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.6b10374	journal	November 2016
Graphene nanoribbon heterojunctions Cai, Jinming; Pignedoli, Carlo A.; Talirz, Leopold Nature Nanotechnology, Vol. 9, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1038/nnano.2014.184	journal	September 2014
Optimized graphene transfer: Influence of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) layer concentration and baking time on graphene final performance Borin Barin, Gabriela; Song, Yi; de Fátima Gimenez, Iara Carbon, Vol. 84 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2014.11.040	journal	April 2015
The effect of downstream plasma treatments on graphene surfaces Peltekis, Nikolaos; Kumar, Shishir; McEvoy, Niall Carbon, Vol. 50, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2011.08.052	journal	February 2012
Overtone and combination features of G and D peaks in resonance Raman spectroscopy of the C ₇₈ H ₂₆ polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon : Raman spectra of C Maghsoumi, A.; Brambilla, L.; Castiglioni, C. Journal of Raman Spectroscopy, Vol. 46, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1002/jrs.4717	journal	June 2015
Raman scattering of molecular graphenes Tommasini, M.; Castiglioni, C.; Zerbi, G. Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, Vol. 11, Issue 43 https://doi.org/10.1039/b913660f	journal	January 2009
Raman spectroscopy in graphene Malard, L. M.; Pimenta, M. A.; Dresselhaus, G. Physics Reports, Vol. 473, Issue 5-6, p. 51-87 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physrep.2009.02.003	journal	April 2009
Raman spectra of graphene ribbons Saito, R.; Furukawa, M.; Dresselhaus, G. Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter, Vol. 22, Issue 33 https://doi.org/10.1088/0953-8984/22/33/334203	journal	August 2010
Raman study on defective graphene: Effect of the excitation energy, type, and amount of defects Eckmann, Axel; Felten, Alexandre; Verzhbitskiy, Ivan Physical Review B, Vol. 88, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.88.035426	journal	July 2013
Raman Fingerprints of Atomically Precise Graphene Nanoribbons Verzhbitskiy, Ivan A.; Corato, Marzio De; Ruini, Alice Nano Letters, Vol. 16, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b04183	journal	May 2016
Raman spectroscopy of polyconjugated molecules and materials: confinement effect in one and two dimensions Castiglioni, Chiara; Tommasini, Matteo; Zerbi, Giuseppe Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, Vol. 362, Issue 1824 https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2004.1448	journal	September 2004
Vibrational properties of graphene nanoribbons by first-principles calculations Gillen, Roland; Mohr, Marcel; Thomsen, Christian Physical Review B, Vol. 80, Issue 15 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.80.155418	journal	October 2009
Accurate determination of the chiral indices of individual carbon nanotubes by combining electron diffraction and Resonant Raman spectroscopy Levshov, D. I.; Tran, H. N.; Paillet, M. Carbon, Vol. 114 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2016.11.076	journal	April 2017
Coherent radial-breathing-like phonons in graphene nanoribbons Sanders, G. D.; Nugraha, A. R. T.; Saito, R. Physical Review B, Vol. 85, Issue 20 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.85.205401	journal	May 2012
Optical properties of graphene nanoribbons: The role of many-body effects Prezzi, Deborah; Varsano, Daniele; Ruini, Alice Physical Review B, Vol. 77, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.77.041404	journal	January 2008
Graphene Nanoribbons as Low Band Gap Donor Materials for Organic Photovoltaics: Quantum Chemical Aided Design Osella, Silvio; Narita, Akimitsu; Schwab, Matthias Georg ACS Nano, Vol. 6, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1021/nn301478c	journal	May 2012
Kohn Anomalies and Electron-Phonon Interactions in Graphite Piscanec, S.; Lazzeri, M.; Mauri, Francesco Physical Review Letters, Vol. 93, Issue 18 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.93.185503	journal	October 2004
The evolution of Raman spectrum of graphene with the thickness of SiO ₂ capping layer on Si substrate Liu, Chu; Ma, Yaoguang; Li, Weisen Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 103, Issue 21 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4832063	journal	November 2013
Interference enhancement of Raman signal of graphene Wang, Y. Y.; Ni, Z. H.; Shen, Z. X. Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 92, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2838745	journal	January 2008
Making Graphene Nanoribbons Photoluminescent Senkovskiy, B. V.; Pfeiffer, M.; Alavi, S. K. Nano Letters, Vol. 17, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b00147	journal	April 2017
WSXM : A software for scanning probe microscopy and a tool for nanotechnology Horcas, I.; Fernández, R.; Gómez-Rodríguez, J. M. Review of Scientific Instruments, Vol. 78, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2432410	journal	January 2007
Efficiency of ab-initio total energy calculations for metals and semiconductors using a plane-wave basis set Kresse, G.; Furthmüller, J. Computational Materials Science, Vol. 6, Issue 1, p. 15-50 https://doi.org/10.1016/0927-0256(96)00008-0	journal	July 1996
First-principles Raman spectra of MoS2, WS2 and their heterostructures Liang, Liangbo; Meunier, Vincent Nanoscale, Vol. 6, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1039/c3nr06906k	journal	January 2014
Atypical Exciton–Phonon Interactions in WS ₂ and WSe ₂ Monolayers Revealed by Resonance Raman Spectroscopy del Corro, E.; Botello-Méndez, A.; Gillet, Y. Nano Letters, Vol. 16, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b05096	journal	March 2016

Cited By (12)

2N+4-rule and an atlas of bulk optical resonances of zigzag graphene nanoribbons Payod, Renebeth B.; Grassano, Davide; Santos, Gil Nonato C. Nature Communications, Vol. 11, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-13728-8	journal	January 2020
Engineered electronic states in atomically precise artificial lattices and graphene nanoribbons Yan, Linghao; Liljeroth, Peter Advances in Physics: X, Vol. 4, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1080/23746149.2019.1651672	journal	January 2019
Production and processing of graphene and related materials Backes, Claudia; Abdelkader, Amr M.; Alonso, Concepción 2D Materials, Vol. 7, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1088/2053-1583/ab1e0a	journal	January 2020
Optimized Substrates and Measurement Approaches for Raman Spectroscopy of Graphene Nanoribbons Overbeck, Jan; Borin Barin, Gabriela; Daniels, Colin physica status solidi (b), Vol. 256, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1002/pssb.201900343	journal	November 2019
Absorption Cross-Section and Near-Field Enhancement in Finite-Length Carbon Nanotubes in the Terahertz-to-Optical Range Shuba, M. V.; Maksimenko, S. A.; Slepyan, G. Ya. Journal of Computational and Theoretical Nanoscience, Vol. 6, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1166/jctn.2009.1258	journal	September 2009
Optimized Substrates and Measurement Approaches for Raman Spectroscopy of Graphene Nanoribbons Overbeck, Jan; Borin Barin, Gabriela; Daniels, Colin Wiley-VCH https://doi.org/10.7892/boris.141661	text	January 2019
Production and processing of graphene and related materials Backes, C.; Abdelkader, Am; Alonso, C. Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository https://doi.org/10.17863/cam.63418	text	January 2020
Production and processing of graphene and related materials Backes, Claudia; Abdelkader, Amr M.; Alonso, Concepción RWTH Aachen University https://doi.org/10.18154/rwth-2020-02443	text	January 2020
Engineered electronic states in atomically precise artificial lattices and graphene nanoribbons Yan, Linghao; Liljeroth, Peter arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1905.03328	text	January 2019
Optimized substrates and measurement approaches for Raman spectroscopy of graphene nanoribbons Overbeck, Jan; Barin, Gabriela Borin; Daniels, Colin arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1907.01797	text	January 2019
In-plane breathing and shear modes in low-dimensional nanostructures Liu, Dan; Daniels, Colin; Meunier, Vincent Carbon, Vol. 157 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2019.10.041	journal	February 2020
Optimized Graphene Electrodes for contacting Graphene Nanoribbons Braun, Oliver; Overbeck, Jan; Abbassi, Maria El arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2102.13033	preprint	January 2021

Figures / Tables (6)

Similar Records

Optimized Substrates and Measurement Approaches for Raman Spectroscopy of Graphene Nanoribbons

Journal Article · Wed Oct 16 00:00:00 EDT 2019 · Physica Status Solidi B. Basic Solid State Physics · OSTI ID:1515681

Overbeck, Jan; Borin Barin, Gabriela; Daniels, Colin; +13 more

Dense monolayer films of atomically precise graphene nanoribbons on metallic substrates enabled by direct contact transfer of molecular precursors

Journal Article · Thu Nov 16 00:00:00 EST 2017 · Nanoscale · OSTI ID:1515681

Teeter, Jacob D.; Costa, Paulo S.; Zahl, Percy; +6 more

Field-Effect Transistors Based on Networks of Highly Aligned, Chemically Synthesized N = 7 Armchair Graphene Nanoribbons

Journal Article · Thu Mar 08 00:00:00 EST 2018 · ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces · OSTI ID:1515681

Passi, Vikram; Gahoi, Amit; Senkovskiy, Boris V.; +4 more

Related Subjects

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE
graphene nanoribbons
substrate transfer
multiwavelength Raman spectroscopy
scanning tunneling microscopy
atomic force
microscopy
optical properties