Nitrate removal from water using electrostatic regeneration of functionalized adsorbent

Palko, James W.; Oyarzun, Diego I.; Ha, Byunghang; Stadermann, Michael; Santiago, Juan G.

doi:10.1016/j.cej.2017.10.161

Title: Nitrate removal from water using electrostatic regeneration of functionalized adsorbent

Journal Article · Sat Oct 28 00:00:00 EDT 2017 · Chemical Engineering Journal

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2017.10.161· OSTI ID:1513152

Palko, James W. ^[1]; Oyarzun, Diego I. ^[2]; Ha, Byunghang ^[2]; Stadermann, Michael ^[3]; Santiago, Juan G. ^[2]

Stanford Univ., CA (United States). Dept. of Mechanical Engineering; Univ. of California, Merced, CA (United States). Dept. of Mechanical Engineering
Stanford Univ., CA (United States). Dept. of Mechanical Engineering
Lawrence Livermore National Lab. (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)

Nitrate is an important pollutant in drinking water worldwide, and a number of methods exist for its removal from water including ion exchange and reverse osmosis. However, these approaches suffer from a variety of disadvantages including requirements for supply and disposal of brine used for regeneration in ion exchange and low water recovery ratio for reverse osmosis. We demonstrate the use of high surface area activated carbon electrodes functionalized with moieties having high affinity for adsorption of nitrate from aqueous solution, such as those used in ion exchange. Adsorption of surfactant molecules having a quaternary amine ionic group to the activated carbon surfaces provides functionalization of the surfaces without complex chemistries. The functionalized electrodes have adsorption capacities of about 80 mg NO₃^- per gram of activated carbon material. Unlike a traditional ion exchanger, the functionalized surfaces can be repeatedly regenerated by the application of an electrostatic potential which displaces the bound NO₃^- while leaving an excess of electronic charge on the electrode. The cell is completed by a counter electrode passing current via Faradaic reactions during regeneration. The proposed system is a hybrid form of capacitive deionization, wherein one electrode is strongly capacitive and the counter electrode is dominated by Faradaic reactions. Up to approximately 40% of the initial capacity of the electrode is accessible following electrical regeneration.

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Research Organization:: Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States); Stanford Univ., CA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE; National Science Foundation (NSF)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC52-07NA27344; ECCS-1542152

OSTI ID:: 1513152

Report Number(s):: LLNL-JRNL-770745; 961385

Journal Information:: Chemical Engineering Journal, Vol. 334; ISSN 1385-8947

Publisher:: ElsevierCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Cited by: 44 works

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37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
nitrate adsorption
activated carbon
quaternary amine functionalization
electrostatic regeneration