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Title: Identifying and creating pathways to improve biological lignin valorization

Journal Article · · Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews
 [1];  [2];  [3];  [4];  [1]; ORCiD logo [5]
  1. Texas A & M Univ., College Station, TX (United States)
  2. Univ. of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN (United States)
  3. Fortress Advanced Bioproducts Inc., Vancouver, BC (Canada)
  4. Washington State Univ., Richland, WA (United States)
  5. Univ. of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN (United States); Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)

Biological lignin valorization to fuels and value-added chemicals enables sustainable and economic biorefineries. Even though significant progress has been made, several major challenges arose due to high recalcitrance and heterogeneity of lignin, which needs to be addressed to improve lignin processing. This work demonstrates an overview of biological lignin conversion and its regulation from a metabolic engineering and systems biology viewpoint. Biological lignin valorization includes three stages: lignin depolymerization, aromatics degradation, and target product biosynthesis. Ligninolytic microorganisms have an extensive enzymatic toolbox to break down the lignin and convert heterogeneous lignin derivatives to central intermediates, such as protocatechuate or catechol, through a peripheral pathway. These intermediates undergo ring cleavage via the β-ketoadipate pathway and are ultimately transformed into metabolites by yielding acetyl-CoA for internal product biosynthesis, such as triacylglycerols, polyhydroxyalkanoates, etc. Bioprospecting will expand the knowledge base of ligninolytic microbial communities, strains, and enzymes to facilitate the understanding of aromatics metabolism. Systems biology analyses achieve an understanding of molecular and systems-level degradation mechanisms and metabolic pathways of lignin and aromatics. By identifying these mechanisms, synthetic biology provides promising approaches to create the lignin conversion pathways and engineer ligninolytic strains suitable as potential hosts for lignin conversion. Techno-economic analysis of biological lignin upgrading to coproducts in biorefineries will guide the implementation of lignin valorization by mitigating technical risk for scale-up and improving the profitability of biorefinery. Through improving the understanding of biological lignin valorization, it should be possible to create biological lignin valorization route to effectively produce value-added products from lignin.

Research Organization:
Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)
Sponsoring Organization:
USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), Sustainable Transportation Office. Bioenergy Technologies Office
Grant/Contract Number:
AC05-00OR22725; EE0006112
OSTI ID:
1507846
Alternate ID(s):
OSTI ID: 1547736
Journal Information:
Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Vol. 105, Issue C; ISSN 1364-0321
Publisher:
ElsevierCopyright Statement
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Citation Metrics:
Cited by: 68 works
Citation information provided by
Web of Science

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