Direct Observations of Phase Transitions in Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Transient Welds using Time Resolved X-Ray Diffraction
Time Resolved X-Ray Diffraction (TRXRD) experiments were used to directly observe phase transformations occurring during gas tungsten arc spot welding of Ti-6Al-4V. These in-situ x-ray diffraction experiments tracked the evolution of the {alpha} {yields} {beta} {yields} L {yields} {beta} {yields} {alpha}/{alpha}{prime} phase transformation sequence in real time during rapid weld heating and cooling. Three different weld locations were examined, providing kinetic information about phase transformations in the fusion zone (FZ) and heat affected zone (HAZ) under different heating and cooling rates and at different temperatures. The TRXRD data were further coupled with the results of thermodynamic calculations of phase equilibria and numerical modeling to compute the weld temperatures. The results suggest that significant superheat is required above the {beta} transus temperature to complete the {alpha} {yields} {beta} transformation at all locations during weld heating, and that the amount of superheat decreases with distance from the center of the weld where the heating rates are lower. Johnson-Mehl-Avrami modeling of the weld heating kinetics produced a set of parameters that allowed the prediction of the {alpha} {yields} {beta} phase transformation rate at each location, but were not successful in determining a definitive mechanism for the transformation. The {beta} {yields} {alpha} transformation during weld cooling in the HAZ was shown to initiate at the {beta} transus temperature and reach completion below the Ms temperature, producing substantial {alpha}{prime}martensite. In the FZ, the {beta} {yields} {alpha} transformation during weld cooling was shown to initiate below the Ms temperature, and to completely transform the microstructure to {alpha}{prime} martensite.
- Research Organization:
- Lawrence Livermore National Lab. (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)
- Sponsoring Organization:
- USDOE
- DOE Contract Number:
- W-7405-ENG-48
- OSTI ID:
- 15011514
- Report Number(s):
- UCRL-JRNL-201011; TRN: US200507%%496
- Journal Information:
- Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 95, Issue 12
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
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